Organic chloramines in drinking water: An assessment of formation, stability, reactivity and risk
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. Although organic chloramines are known to form during the disinfection of drinking water with chlorine, little information is currently available on their occurrence or toxicity. In a recent in vitro study, some organic chloramines (e.g. N-chloroglycine) were found to be cytotox...
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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IWA Publishing
2016
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| Online Access: | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP130100602 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/47232 |
| _version_ | 1848757777674010624 |
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| author | How, Zuo Tong Linge, Kathryn Busetti, Francesco Joll, Cynthia |
| author_facet | How, Zuo Tong Linge, Kathryn Busetti, Francesco Joll, Cynthia |
| author_sort | How, Zuo Tong |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. Although organic chloramines are known to form during the disinfection of drinking water with chlorine, little information is currently available on their occurrence or toxicity. In a recent in vitro study, some organic chloramines (e.g. N-chloroglycine) were found to be cytotoxic and genotoxic even at micromolar concentrations. In this paper, the formation and stability of 21 different organic chloramines, from chlorination of simple amines and amino acids, were studied, and the competition between 20 amino acids during chlorination was also investigated. For comparison, chlorination of two amides was also conducted. The formation and degradation of selected organic chloramines were measured using either direct UV spectroscopic or colorimetric detection. Although cysteine, methionine and tryptophan were the most reactive amino acids towards chlorination, they did not form organic chloramines at the chlorine to precursor molar ratios that were tested. Only 6 out of the 21 organic chloramines formed had a half-life of more than 3 h, although this group included all organic chloramines formed from amines. A health risk assessment relating stability and reactivity data from this study to toxicity and precursor abundance data from the literature indicated that only N-chloroglycine is likely to be of concern due to its stability, toxicity and abundance in water. However, given the stability of organic chloramines formed from amines, more information about the toxicity and precursor abundance for these chloramines is desirable. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T09:33:29Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-47232 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T09:33:29Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-472322022-11-28T04:53:29Z Organic chloramines in drinking water: An assessment of formation, stability, reactivity and risk How, Zuo Tong Linge, Kathryn Busetti, Francesco Joll, Cynthia © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. Although organic chloramines are known to form during the disinfection of drinking water with chlorine, little information is currently available on their occurrence or toxicity. In a recent in vitro study, some organic chloramines (e.g. N-chloroglycine) were found to be cytotoxic and genotoxic even at micromolar concentrations. In this paper, the formation and stability of 21 different organic chloramines, from chlorination of simple amines and amino acids, were studied, and the competition between 20 amino acids during chlorination was also investigated. For comparison, chlorination of two amides was also conducted. The formation and degradation of selected organic chloramines were measured using either direct UV spectroscopic or colorimetric detection. Although cysteine, methionine and tryptophan were the most reactive amino acids towards chlorination, they did not form organic chloramines at the chlorine to precursor molar ratios that were tested. Only 6 out of the 21 organic chloramines formed had a half-life of more than 3 h, although this group included all organic chloramines formed from amines. A health risk assessment relating stability and reactivity data from this study to toxicity and precursor abundance data from the literature indicated that only N-chloroglycine is likely to be of concern due to its stability, toxicity and abundance in water. However, given the stability of organic chloramines formed from amines, more information about the toxicity and precursor abundance for these chloramines is desirable. 2016 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/47232 10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.006 http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP130100602 IWA Publishing fulltext |
| spellingShingle | How, Zuo Tong Linge, Kathryn Busetti, Francesco Joll, Cynthia Organic chloramines in drinking water: An assessment of formation, stability, reactivity and risk |
| title | Organic chloramines in drinking water: An assessment of formation, stability, reactivity and risk |
| title_full | Organic chloramines in drinking water: An assessment of formation, stability, reactivity and risk |
| title_fullStr | Organic chloramines in drinking water: An assessment of formation, stability, reactivity and risk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Organic chloramines in drinking water: An assessment of formation, stability, reactivity and risk |
| title_short | Organic chloramines in drinking water: An assessment of formation, stability, reactivity and risk |
| title_sort | organic chloramines in drinking water: an assessment of formation, stability, reactivity and risk |
| url | http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP130100602 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/47232 |