Carlactone-independent seedling morphogenesis in Arabidopsis

Strigolactone hormones are derived from carotenoids via carlactone, and act through the α/β–hydrolase D14 and the F–box protein D3/MAX2 to repress plant shoot branching. While MAX2 is also necessary for normal seedling development, D14 and the known strigolactone biosynthesis genes are not, raising...

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Main Authors: Scaffidi, A., Waters, M., Ghisalberti, E., Dixon, Kingsley, Flematti, G., Smith, S.
Format: Journal Article
Published: 2013
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/46864
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author Scaffidi, A.
Waters, M.
Ghisalberti, E.
Dixon, Kingsley
Flematti, G.
Smith, S.
author_facet Scaffidi, A.
Waters, M.
Ghisalberti, E.
Dixon, Kingsley
Flematti, G.
Smith, S.
author_sort Scaffidi, A.
building Curtin Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description Strigolactone hormones are derived from carotenoids via carlactone, and act through the α/β–hydrolase D14 and the F–box protein D3/MAX2 to repress plant shoot branching. While MAX2 is also necessary for normal seedling development, D14 and the known strigolactone biosynthesis genes are not, raising the question of whether endogenous, canonical strigolactones derived from carlactone have a role in seedling morphogenesis. Here, we report the chemical synthesis of the strigolactone precursor carlactone, and show that it represses Arabidopsis shoot branching and influences leaf morphogenesis via a mechanism that is dependent on the cytochrome P450 MAX1. In contrast, both physiologically active Z–carlactone and the non-physiological E isomer exhibit similar weak activity in seedlings, and predominantly signal through D14 rather than its paralogue KAI2, in a MAX2-dependent but MAX1-independent manner. KAI2 is essential for seedling morphogenesis, and hence this early-stage development employs carlactone-independent morphogens for which karrikins from wildfire smoke are specific surrogates. While the commonly employed synthetic strigolactone GR24 acts non-specifically through both D14 and KAI2, carlactone is a specific effector of strigolactone signalling that acts through MAX1 and D14.
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spelling curtin-20.500.11937-468642017-09-13T14:03:55Z Carlactone-independent seedling morphogenesis in Arabidopsis Scaffidi, A. Waters, M. Ghisalberti, E. Dixon, Kingsley Flematti, G. Smith, S. Strigolactone hormones are derived from carotenoids via carlactone, and act through the α/β–hydrolase D14 and the F–box protein D3/MAX2 to repress plant shoot branching. While MAX2 is also necessary for normal seedling development, D14 and the known strigolactone biosynthesis genes are not, raising the question of whether endogenous, canonical strigolactones derived from carlactone have a role in seedling morphogenesis. Here, we report the chemical synthesis of the strigolactone precursor carlactone, and show that it represses Arabidopsis shoot branching and influences leaf morphogenesis via a mechanism that is dependent on the cytochrome P450 MAX1. In contrast, both physiologically active Z–carlactone and the non-physiological E isomer exhibit similar weak activity in seedlings, and predominantly signal through D14 rather than its paralogue KAI2, in a MAX2-dependent but MAX1-independent manner. KAI2 is essential for seedling morphogenesis, and hence this early-stage development employs carlactone-independent morphogens for which karrikins from wildfire smoke are specific surrogates. While the commonly employed synthetic strigolactone GR24 acts non-specifically through both D14 and KAI2, carlactone is a specific effector of strigolactone signalling that acts through MAX1 and D14. 2013 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/46864 10.1111/tpj.12265 unknown
spellingShingle Scaffidi, A.
Waters, M.
Ghisalberti, E.
Dixon, Kingsley
Flematti, G.
Smith, S.
Carlactone-independent seedling morphogenesis in Arabidopsis
title Carlactone-independent seedling morphogenesis in Arabidopsis
title_full Carlactone-independent seedling morphogenesis in Arabidopsis
title_fullStr Carlactone-independent seedling morphogenesis in Arabidopsis
title_full_unstemmed Carlactone-independent seedling morphogenesis in Arabidopsis
title_short Carlactone-independent seedling morphogenesis in Arabidopsis
title_sort carlactone-independent seedling morphogenesis in arabidopsis
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/46864