Ecstasy use and depression: A 4-year longitudinal study among an Australian general community sample
RATIONALE: Longitudinal, population-based studies can better assess the relationship of ecstasy use with depression. OBJECTIVES: We examined whether change in ecstasy use was associated with change in depressive symptoms/probable depression over a 4-year period, among a large Australian sample. METH...
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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Springer
2013
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/43876 |
| _version_ | 1848756834483044352 |
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| author | George, A. Olesen, S. Tait, Robert |
| author_facet | George, A. Olesen, S. Tait, Robert |
| author_sort | George, A. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | RATIONALE: Longitudinal, population-based studies can better assess the relationship of ecstasy use with depression. OBJECTIVES: We examined whether change in ecstasy use was associated with change in depressive symptoms/probable depression over a 4-year period, among a large Australian sample. METHODS: The Personality and Total Health project is a longitudinal general community study of Australians from Canberra and Queanbeyan. Data from the youngest cohort when aged 24-30 (N = 2, 128) and 4 years later (N = 1, 977) was included. The Goldberg depression scale and the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire measured depressive symptoms and probable depression, respectively. Multilevel growth models also considered demographics, psychosocial characteristics, and other drug use. RESULTS: Ecstasy use was not associated with long-term depressive symptoms or greater odds of depression in multivariate analyses. Users had more self-reported depressive symptoms when using ecstasy compared to not using. However, differences between people who had and had not ever used ecstasy largely accounted for this. Other factors were more important in the prediction of depression. CONCLUSIONS: It would be premature to conclude that ecstasy use is not related to the development of long-term depressive symptoms, given the relatively low level of ecstasy and other drug use in this community sample. Results showed that other factors need to be considered when investigating ecstasy use and depression. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T09:18:30Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-43876 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T09:18:30Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | Springer |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-438762017-09-13T13:42:26Z Ecstasy use and depression: A 4-year longitudinal study among an Australian general community sample George, A. Olesen, S. Tait, Robert 3 Depression 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Ecstasy Mental health General community sample RATIONALE: Longitudinal, population-based studies can better assess the relationship of ecstasy use with depression. OBJECTIVES: We examined whether change in ecstasy use was associated with change in depressive symptoms/probable depression over a 4-year period, among a large Australian sample. METHODS: The Personality and Total Health project is a longitudinal general community study of Australians from Canberra and Queanbeyan. Data from the youngest cohort when aged 24-30 (N = 2, 128) and 4 years later (N = 1, 977) was included. The Goldberg depression scale and the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire measured depressive symptoms and probable depression, respectively. Multilevel growth models also considered demographics, psychosocial characteristics, and other drug use. RESULTS: Ecstasy use was not associated with long-term depressive symptoms or greater odds of depression in multivariate analyses. Users had more self-reported depressive symptoms when using ecstasy compared to not using. However, differences between people who had and had not ever used ecstasy largely accounted for this. Other factors were more important in the prediction of depression. CONCLUSIONS: It would be premature to conclude that ecstasy use is not related to the development of long-term depressive symptoms, given the relatively low level of ecstasy and other drug use in this community sample. Results showed that other factors need to be considered when investigating ecstasy use and depression. 2013 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/43876 10.1007/s00213-013-3132-7 Springer fulltext |
| spellingShingle | 3 Depression 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Ecstasy Mental health General community sample George, A. Olesen, S. Tait, Robert Ecstasy use and depression: A 4-year longitudinal study among an Australian general community sample |
| title | Ecstasy use and depression: A 4-year longitudinal study among an Australian general community sample |
| title_full | Ecstasy use and depression: A 4-year longitudinal study among an Australian general community sample |
| title_fullStr | Ecstasy use and depression: A 4-year longitudinal study among an Australian general community sample |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecstasy use and depression: A 4-year longitudinal study among an Australian general community sample |
| title_short | Ecstasy use and depression: A 4-year longitudinal study among an Australian general community sample |
| title_sort | ecstasy use and depression: a 4-year longitudinal study among an australian general community sample |
| topic | 3 Depression 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Ecstasy Mental health General community sample |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/43876 |