Increasing walking among older people: A test of behaviour change techniques using factorial randomised N-of-1 trials
Objective: Evaluations of techniques to promote physical activity usually adopt a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Such designs inform how a technique performs on average but cannot be used for treatment of individuals. Our objective was to conduct the first N-of-1 RCTs of behaviour change techniq...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Published: |
Routledge
2016
|
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/41917 |
| _version_ | 1848756275955892224 |
|---|---|
| author | Nyman, S. Goodwin, K. Kwasnicka, Dominika Callaway, A. |
| author_facet | Nyman, S. Goodwin, K. Kwasnicka, Dominika Callaway, A. |
| author_sort | Nyman, S. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Objective: Evaluations of techniques to promote physical activity usually adopt a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Such designs inform how a technique performs on average but cannot be used for treatment of individuals. Our objective was to conduct the first N-of-1 RCTs of behaviour change techniques with older people and test the effectiveness of the techniques for increasing walking within individuals. Design: Eight adults aged 60–87 were randomised to a 2 (goal-setting vs. active control) × 2 (self-monitoring vs. active control) factorial RCT over 62 days. The time series data were analysed for each single case using linear regressions. Main outcome measures: Walking was objectively measured using pedometers. Results: Compared to control days, goal-setting increased walking in 4 out of 8 individuals and self-monitoring increased walking in 7 out of 8 individuals. While the probability for self-monitoring to be effective in 7 out of 8 participants was beyond chance (p = .03), no intervention effect was significant for individual participants. Two participants had a significant but small linear decrease in walking over time. Conclusion: We demonstrate the utility of N-of-1 trials for advancing scientific enquiry of behaviour change and in practice for increasing older people’s physical activity. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T09:09:37Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-41917 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T09:09:37Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Routledge |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-419172017-09-13T14:17:04Z Increasing walking among older people: A test of behaviour change techniques using factorial randomised N-of-1 trials Nyman, S. Goodwin, K. Kwasnicka, Dominika Callaway, A. Objective: Evaluations of techniques to promote physical activity usually adopt a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Such designs inform how a technique performs on average but cannot be used for treatment of individuals. Our objective was to conduct the first N-of-1 RCTs of behaviour change techniques with older people and test the effectiveness of the techniques for increasing walking within individuals. Design: Eight adults aged 60–87 were randomised to a 2 (goal-setting vs. active control) × 2 (self-monitoring vs. active control) factorial RCT over 62 days. The time series data were analysed for each single case using linear regressions. Main outcome measures: Walking was objectively measured using pedometers. Results: Compared to control days, goal-setting increased walking in 4 out of 8 individuals and self-monitoring increased walking in 7 out of 8 individuals. While the probability for self-monitoring to be effective in 7 out of 8 participants was beyond chance (p = .03), no intervention effect was significant for individual participants. Two participants had a significant but small linear decrease in walking over time. Conclusion: We demonstrate the utility of N-of-1 trials for advancing scientific enquiry of behaviour change and in practice for increasing older people’s physical activity. 2016 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/41917 10.1080/08870446.2015.1088014 Routledge fulltext |
| spellingShingle | Nyman, S. Goodwin, K. Kwasnicka, Dominika Callaway, A. Increasing walking among older people: A test of behaviour change techniques using factorial randomised N-of-1 trials |
| title | Increasing walking among older people: A test of behaviour change techniques using factorial randomised N-of-1 trials |
| title_full | Increasing walking among older people: A test of behaviour change techniques using factorial randomised N-of-1 trials |
| title_fullStr | Increasing walking among older people: A test of behaviour change techniques using factorial randomised N-of-1 trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Increasing walking among older people: A test of behaviour change techniques using factorial randomised N-of-1 trials |
| title_short | Increasing walking among older people: A test of behaviour change techniques using factorial randomised N-of-1 trials |
| title_sort | increasing walking among older people: a test of behaviour change techniques using factorial randomised n-of-1 trials |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/41917 |