An investigation into the correlations among GNSS observations and their impact on height and zenith wet delay estimation for medium and long baselines
Most stochastic modelling techniques neglect the correlations among the raw un-differenced observations when forming the variance–covariance matrix of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations. Some methods were developed to model these correlations. One such method is the Minimum N...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis
2012
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/36902 |
| _version_ | 1848754899879198720 |
|---|---|
| author | Lo, J. El-Mowafy, Ahmed |
| author_facet | Lo, J. El-Mowafy, Ahmed |
| author_sort | Lo, J. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Most stochastic modelling techniques neglect the correlations among the raw un-differenced observations when forming the variance–covariance matrix of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations. Some methods were developed to model these correlations. One such method is the Minimum Norm Quadratic Unbiased Estimator (MINQUE). Studies have shown that MINQUE improves ambiguity resolution, and ultimately, the positioning solution in short baselines. However, its effect in cases of processing with longer baselines and on the estimation of zenith wet delay (ZWD) is somewhat unknown. In this paper, a comparison between the impact of neglecting the correlations among the observations using an elevation-angle-dependent model (EADM) and modelling the correlations using MINQUE on height determination and ZWD for medium and long baselines is carried out. The initial testing was carried out across two Australian GNSS stations with a medium-length baseline throughout a three-week campaign. The results showed that using MINQUE did not resolve the coordinate, height and wet delay components as accurately as the EADM. The results were further verified with two long-baseline campaigns whereby EADM was also able to provide better wet delay estimates. The coordinate results were, however, mixed. Overall, the study concluded that the inclusion of the correlations among the observations, in general, do not improve the resolution of the coordinate and wet delay estimates. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T08:47:45Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-36902 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T08:47:45Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-369022017-10-02T02:28:21Z An investigation into the correlations among GNSS observations and their impact on height and zenith wet delay estimation for medium and long baselines Lo, J. El-Mowafy, Ahmed ZWD MINQUE heights stochastic models Most stochastic modelling techniques neglect the correlations among the raw un-differenced observations when forming the variance–covariance matrix of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations. Some methods were developed to model these correlations. One such method is the Minimum Norm Quadratic Unbiased Estimator (MINQUE). Studies have shown that MINQUE improves ambiguity resolution, and ultimately, the positioning solution in short baselines. However, its effect in cases of processing with longer baselines and on the estimation of zenith wet delay (ZWD) is somewhat unknown. In this paper, a comparison between the impact of neglecting the correlations among the observations using an elevation-angle-dependent model (EADM) and modelling the correlations using MINQUE on height determination and ZWD for medium and long baselines is carried out. The initial testing was carried out across two Australian GNSS stations with a medium-length baseline throughout a three-week campaign. The results showed that using MINQUE did not resolve the coordinate, height and wet delay components as accurately as the EADM. The results were further verified with two long-baseline campaigns whereby EADM was also able to provide better wet delay estimates. The coordinate results were, however, mixed. Overall, the study concluded that the inclusion of the correlations among the observations, in general, do not improve the resolution of the coordinate and wet delay estimates. 2012 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/36902 10.1080/10095020.2012.745051 Taylor & Francis fulltext |
| spellingShingle | ZWD MINQUE heights stochastic models Lo, J. El-Mowafy, Ahmed An investigation into the correlations among GNSS observations and their impact on height and zenith wet delay estimation for medium and long baselines |
| title | An investigation into the correlations among GNSS observations and their impact on height and zenith wet delay estimation for medium and long baselines |
| title_full | An investigation into the correlations among GNSS observations and their impact on height and zenith wet delay estimation for medium and long baselines |
| title_fullStr | An investigation into the correlations among GNSS observations and their impact on height and zenith wet delay estimation for medium and long baselines |
| title_full_unstemmed | An investigation into the correlations among GNSS observations and their impact on height and zenith wet delay estimation for medium and long baselines |
| title_short | An investigation into the correlations among GNSS observations and their impact on height and zenith wet delay estimation for medium and long baselines |
| title_sort | investigation into the correlations among gnss observations and their impact on height and zenith wet delay estimation for medium and long baselines |
| topic | ZWD MINQUE heights stochastic models |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/36902 |