Effects of stratification on chloramine decay in distribution system service reservoirs
Water quality in chloraminated distribution systems is affected by microbial activity, particularly due to nitrifiers that accelerate chloramine decay. In summer, continuous thermal stratification increases retention time and lowers chloramine residual in some parts of a system service reservoir (ta...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Published: |
Elsevier Science Ltd
2009
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/34907 |
| _version_ | 1848754351369093120 |
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| author | Fisher, I. Sathasivan, Arumugam Chuo, P. Kastl, G. |
| author_facet | Fisher, I. Sathasivan, Arumugam Chuo, P. Kastl, G. |
| author_sort | Fisher, I. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Water quality in chloraminated distribution systems is affected by microbial activity, particularly due to nitrifiers that accelerate chloramine decay. In summer, continuous thermal stratification increases retention time and lowers chloramine residual in some parts of a system service reservoir (tank), relative to fully mixed conditions. According to temperature and chemical indicators, cooling in winter destratifies these reservoirs naturally. Traditional (chemical) indicators of nitrification also suggest that destratification occurs with respect to microbiological activity. In contrast, the microbial decay factor (Fm) method, which separates microbiological and chemical decay in bulk water, identifies strong microbial stratification, even in winter. Fm can also be used to predict the exacerbated loss of chloramine residual in the following summer, which enables early intervention by system managers to minimise such loss, and so maintain an adequate residual through the distribution system. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T08:39:02Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-34907 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T08:39:02Z |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publisher | Elsevier Science Ltd |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-349072017-09-13T15:53:51Z Effects of stratification on chloramine decay in distribution system service reservoirs Fisher, I. Sathasivan, Arumugam Chuo, P. Kastl, G. Prediction Reservoir Tank Nitrification Chloramination Stratification Decay Water quality in chloraminated distribution systems is affected by microbial activity, particularly due to nitrifiers that accelerate chloramine decay. In summer, continuous thermal stratification increases retention time and lowers chloramine residual in some parts of a system service reservoir (tank), relative to fully mixed conditions. According to temperature and chemical indicators, cooling in winter destratifies these reservoirs naturally. Traditional (chemical) indicators of nitrification also suggest that destratification occurs with respect to microbiological activity. In contrast, the microbial decay factor (Fm) method, which separates microbiological and chemical decay in bulk water, identifies strong microbial stratification, even in winter. Fm can also be used to predict the exacerbated loss of chloramine residual in the following summer, which enables early intervention by system managers to minimise such loss, and so maintain an adequate residual through the distribution system. 2009 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/34907 10.1016/j.watres.2008.12.012 Elsevier Science Ltd restricted |
| spellingShingle | Prediction Reservoir Tank Nitrification Chloramination Stratification Decay Fisher, I. Sathasivan, Arumugam Chuo, P. Kastl, G. Effects of stratification on chloramine decay in distribution system service reservoirs |
| title | Effects of stratification on chloramine decay in distribution system service reservoirs |
| title_full | Effects of stratification on chloramine decay in distribution system service reservoirs |
| title_fullStr | Effects of stratification on chloramine decay in distribution system service reservoirs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of stratification on chloramine decay in distribution system service reservoirs |
| title_short | Effects of stratification on chloramine decay in distribution system service reservoirs |
| title_sort | effects of stratification on chloramine decay in distribution system service reservoirs |
| topic | Prediction Reservoir Tank Nitrification Chloramination Stratification Decay |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/34907 |