| Summary: | Purpose – The paper seeks to examine the concepts, types and implications of festival innovation and failure. Design/methodology/approach – A review of extant literature is undertaken and examples of innovation and failure in three festivals are used to demonstrate the simultaneity and co-dependency of innovation and failure in the process of festival management. Findings – It is apparent that many forms of program, market, service, organisational and financial innovation are available to festival managers. Many involve risk of failure due to the resource dependency theory postulated in the literature, as well as more pragmatic reasons including bad weather and managerial incompetence. Practical implications – Festival managers responses to the dual challenges of embracing innovation and avoiding failure will determine the future of festivals, so it is vital that knowledge is developed. Originality/value – There is limited literature on festival management innovation and failure and limited information available to festival managers regarding the nature of festivals that facilitate innovation or failure. This paper makes an original contribution to these important issues in festival management.
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