Elemental and spectroscopic characterization of fractions of an acidic extract of oil sands process water
'Naphthenic acids' (NAs) in petroleum produced water and oil sands process water (OSPW), have been implicated in toxicological effects. However, many are not well characterized. A method for fractionation of NAs of an OSPW was used herein and a multi-method characterization of the fraction...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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2013
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/31138 |
| _version_ | 1848753291792482304 |
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| author | Jones, D. Scarlett, Alan West, C. Frank, R. Gieleciak, R. Hager, D. Pureveen, J. Tegelaar, E. Rowland, S. |
| author_facet | Jones, D. Scarlett, Alan West, C. Frank, R. Gieleciak, R. Hager, D. Pureveen, J. Tegelaar, E. Rowland, S. |
| author_sort | Jones, D. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | 'Naphthenic acids' (NAs) in petroleum produced water and oil sands process water (OSPW), have been implicated in toxicological effects. However, many are not well characterized. A method for fractionation of NAs of an OSPW was used herein and a multi-method characterization of the fractions conducted. The unfractionated OSPW acidic extract was characterized by elemental analysis, electrospray ionization-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and an esterified extract by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectroscopy and by comprehensive multidimensional gas chromatography-MS (GCxGC-MS). Methyl esters were fractionated by argentation solid phase extraction (Ag+ SPE) and fractions eluting with: hexane; diethyl ether: hexane and diethyl ether, examined. Each was weighed, examined by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV, GC-MS and GCxGC-MS (both nominal and high resolution MS). The ether fraction, containing sulfur, was also examined by GCxGC-sulfur chemiluminescence detection (GCxGC-SCD).The major ions detected by ESI-MS in the OSPW extract were assigned to alicyclic and aromatic 'O2' acids; sulfur was also present. Components recovered by Ag+ SPE were also methyl esters of alicyclic and aromatic acids; these contained little sulfur or nitrogen. FTIR spectra showed that hydroxy acids and sulfoxides were absent or minor. UV spectra, along with the C/H ratio, further confirmed the aromaticity of the hexane:ether eluate. The more minor ether eluate contained further aromatics and 1.5% sulfur. FTIR spectra indicated free carboxylic acids, in addition to esters. Four major sulfur compounds were detected by GCxGC-SCD. GCxGC-high resolution MS indicated these were methyl esters of C18 S-containing, diaromatics with =C3 carboxylic acid side chains. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T08:22:11Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-31138 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T08:22:11Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-311382017-09-13T15:13:58Z Elemental and spectroscopic characterization of fractions of an acidic extract of oil sands process water Jones, D. Scarlett, Alan West, C. Frank, R. Gieleciak, R. Hager, D. Pureveen, J. Tegelaar, E. Rowland, S. 'Naphthenic acids' (NAs) in petroleum produced water and oil sands process water (OSPW), have been implicated in toxicological effects. However, many are not well characterized. A method for fractionation of NAs of an OSPW was used herein and a multi-method characterization of the fractions conducted. The unfractionated OSPW acidic extract was characterized by elemental analysis, electrospray ionization-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and an esterified extract by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV) absorption spectroscopy and by comprehensive multidimensional gas chromatography-MS (GCxGC-MS). Methyl esters were fractionated by argentation solid phase extraction (Ag+ SPE) and fractions eluting with: hexane; diethyl ether: hexane and diethyl ether, examined. Each was weighed, examined by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV, GC-MS and GCxGC-MS (both nominal and high resolution MS). The ether fraction, containing sulfur, was also examined by GCxGC-sulfur chemiluminescence detection (GCxGC-SCD).The major ions detected by ESI-MS in the OSPW extract were assigned to alicyclic and aromatic 'O2' acids; sulfur was also present. Components recovered by Ag+ SPE were also methyl esters of alicyclic and aromatic acids; these contained little sulfur or nitrogen. FTIR spectra showed that hydroxy acids and sulfoxides were absent or minor. UV spectra, along with the C/H ratio, further confirmed the aromaticity of the hexane:ether eluate. The more minor ether eluate contained further aromatics and 1.5% sulfur. FTIR spectra indicated free carboxylic acids, in addition to esters. Four major sulfur compounds were detected by GCxGC-SCD. GCxGC-high resolution MS indicated these were methyl esters of C18 S-containing, diaromatics with =C3 carboxylic acid side chains. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. 2013 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/31138 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.011 restricted |
| spellingShingle | Jones, D. Scarlett, Alan West, C. Frank, R. Gieleciak, R. Hager, D. Pureveen, J. Tegelaar, E. Rowland, S. Elemental and spectroscopic characterization of fractions of an acidic extract of oil sands process water |
| title | Elemental and spectroscopic characterization of fractions of an acidic extract of oil sands process water |
| title_full | Elemental and spectroscopic characterization of fractions of an acidic extract of oil sands process water |
| title_fullStr | Elemental and spectroscopic characterization of fractions of an acidic extract of oil sands process water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elemental and spectroscopic characterization of fractions of an acidic extract of oil sands process water |
| title_short | Elemental and spectroscopic characterization of fractions of an acidic extract of oil sands process water |
| title_sort | elemental and spectroscopic characterization of fractions of an acidic extract of oil sands process water |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/31138 |