Directional-dependence in the mechanical characteristics of sand: a review
The majority of granular soil is anisotropic material and it exhibits stress–strain variations depending on principal stress directions. Such directions acting on granular deposits vary with in situ loading conditions. Many experimental, numerical and analytical studies on anisotropy effects, as rep...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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J Ross Publishing Inc
2016
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/31005 |
| _version_ | 1848753254498828288 |
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| author | Al-Rkaby, Alaa Chegenizadeh, Amin Nikraz, Hamid |
| author_facet | Al-Rkaby, Alaa Chegenizadeh, Amin Nikraz, Hamid |
| author_sort | Al-Rkaby, Alaa |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The majority of granular soil is anisotropic material and it exhibits stress–strain variations depending on principal stress directions. Such directions acting on granular deposits vary with in situ loading conditions. Many experimental, numerical and analytical studies on anisotropy effects, as represented by principal stress rotation, on sand behaviour have been reported in the literatures, however, no attempt has been made to present an overview of this issue. Therefore, this review presents a comprehensive overview of the effect of anisotropy on sand behaviour, including the fabric effect, different fixed direction of principal stress and continuous rotation of the principal stress effects on the stress–strain response of sand in addition to bearing capacity under an inclination bedding plane. This review indicates that sand strength is affected strongly by the direction of principal stress, and strength decreases as the inclination increases, reaching a minimum value in the range of a = 60–90°, although some studies report some increase in strength at a = 90°. Moreover, the rotation of principal stress results in progress deformation with most of it occurring during the first cycles. Consequently, it is highly recommended to take anisotropy into consideration for any proper design of geotechnical problems. Ignoring anisotropy may lead to failure due to the overestimation of strength. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T08:21:36Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-31005 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T08:21:36Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | J Ross Publishing Inc |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-310052018-08-02T07:28:41Z Directional-dependence in the mechanical characteristics of sand: a review Al-Rkaby, Alaa Chegenizadeh, Amin Nikraz, Hamid The majority of granular soil is anisotropic material and it exhibits stress–strain variations depending on principal stress directions. Such directions acting on granular deposits vary with in situ loading conditions. Many experimental, numerical and analytical studies on anisotropy effects, as represented by principal stress rotation, on sand behaviour have been reported in the literatures, however, no attempt has been made to present an overview of this issue. Therefore, this review presents a comprehensive overview of the effect of anisotropy on sand behaviour, including the fabric effect, different fixed direction of principal stress and continuous rotation of the principal stress effects on the stress–strain response of sand in addition to bearing capacity under an inclination bedding plane. This review indicates that sand strength is affected strongly by the direction of principal stress, and strength decreases as the inclination increases, reaching a minimum value in the range of a = 60–90°, although some studies report some increase in strength at a = 90°. Moreover, the rotation of principal stress results in progress deformation with most of it occurring during the first cycles. Consequently, it is highly recommended to take anisotropy into consideration for any proper design of geotechnical problems. Ignoring anisotropy may lead to failure due to the overestimation of strength. 2016 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/31005 10.1080/19386362.2016.1173965 J Ross Publishing Inc restricted |
| spellingShingle | Al-Rkaby, Alaa Chegenizadeh, Amin Nikraz, Hamid Directional-dependence in the mechanical characteristics of sand: a review |
| title | Directional-dependence in the mechanical characteristics of sand: a review |
| title_full | Directional-dependence in the mechanical characteristics of sand: a review |
| title_fullStr | Directional-dependence in the mechanical characteristics of sand: a review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Directional-dependence in the mechanical characteristics of sand: a review |
| title_short | Directional-dependence in the mechanical characteristics of sand: a review |
| title_sort | directional-dependence in the mechanical characteristics of sand: a review |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/31005 |