The fading of two transient ultraluminous x-ray sources to below the stellar mass Eddington limit
We report new detections of the two transient ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in NGC 5128 from an ongoing series of Chandra observations. Both sources have previously been observed Lx (2-3) × ~1039 erg s–1, at the lower end of the ULX luminosity range. The new observations allow us to study these...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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Institute of Physics Publishing, Inc.
2013
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/30082 |
| _version_ | 1848752985637650432 |
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| author | Burke, M. Kraft, R. Soria, Roberto Maccarone, T. Raychaudhury, S. Sivakoff, G. Birkinshaw, M. Brassington, N. Forman, W. Hardcastle, M. Jones, C. Murray, S. Worrall, D. |
| author_facet | Burke, M. Kraft, R. Soria, Roberto Maccarone, T. Raychaudhury, S. Sivakoff, G. Birkinshaw, M. Brassington, N. Forman, W. Hardcastle, M. Jones, C. Murray, S. Worrall, D. |
| author_sort | Burke, M. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | We report new detections of the two transient ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in NGC 5128 from an ongoing series of Chandra observations. Both sources have previously been observed Lx (2-3) × ~1039 erg s–1, at the lower end of the ULX luminosity range. The new observations allow us to study these sources in the luminosity regime frequented by the Galactic black hole X-ray binaries (BH XBs). We present the recent lightcurves of both ULXs. 1RXH J132519.8-430312 (ULX1) was observed at Lx ≈ 1 × 1038 erg s–1, while CXOU J132518.2-430304 (ULX2) declined to Lx ≈ 2 × 1037 erg s–1 and then lingered at this luminosity for hundreds of days. We show that a reasonable upper limit for both duty cycles is 0.2, with a lower limit of 0.12 for ULX2. This duty cycle is larger than anticipated for transient ULXs in old stellar populations. By fitting simple spectral models in an observation with ~50 counts we recover properties consistent with Galactic BH XBs, but inconclusive as to the spectral state. We utilize quantile analyses to demonstrate that the spectra are generally soft, and that in one observation the spectrum of ULX2 is inconsistent with a canonical hard state at >95% confidence. This is contrary to what would be expected of an accreting intermediate mass black hole primary, which we would expect to be in the hard state at these luminosities. We discuss the paucity of transient ULXs discovered in early-type galaxies and excogitate explanations. We suggest that the number of transient ULXs scales with the giant and sub-giant populations, rather than the total number of XBs. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T08:17:19Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-30082 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T08:17:19Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | Institute of Physics Publishing, Inc. |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-300822019-02-19T05:36:13Z The fading of two transient ultraluminous x-ray sources to below the stellar mass Eddington limit Burke, M. Kraft, R. Soria, Roberto Maccarone, T. Raychaudhury, S. Sivakoff, G. Birkinshaw, M. Brassington, N. Forman, W. Hardcastle, M. Jones, C. Murray, S. Worrall, D. x-rays: galaxies x-rays x-rays: individual (1RXH J132519.8-430312 binaries CXOU J132518.2-430304) NGC 5128) galaxies: individual (Centaurus A galaxies: elliptical and lenticular cD We report new detections of the two transient ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) in NGC 5128 from an ongoing series of Chandra observations. Both sources have previously been observed Lx (2-3) × ~1039 erg s–1, at the lower end of the ULX luminosity range. The new observations allow us to study these sources in the luminosity regime frequented by the Galactic black hole X-ray binaries (BH XBs). We present the recent lightcurves of both ULXs. 1RXH J132519.8-430312 (ULX1) was observed at Lx ≈ 1 × 1038 erg s–1, while CXOU J132518.2-430304 (ULX2) declined to Lx ≈ 2 × 1037 erg s–1 and then lingered at this luminosity for hundreds of days. We show that a reasonable upper limit for both duty cycles is 0.2, with a lower limit of 0.12 for ULX2. This duty cycle is larger than anticipated for transient ULXs in old stellar populations. By fitting simple spectral models in an observation with ~50 counts we recover properties consistent with Galactic BH XBs, but inconclusive as to the spectral state. We utilize quantile analyses to demonstrate that the spectra are generally soft, and that in one observation the spectrum of ULX2 is inconsistent with a canonical hard state at >95% confidence. This is contrary to what would be expected of an accreting intermediate mass black hole primary, which we would expect to be in the hard state at these luminosities. We discuss the paucity of transient ULXs discovered in early-type galaxies and excogitate explanations. We suggest that the number of transient ULXs scales with the giant and sub-giant populations, rather than the total number of XBs. 2013 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/30082 10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/21 Institute of Physics Publishing, Inc. fulltext |
| spellingShingle | x-rays: galaxies x-rays x-rays: individual (1RXH J132519.8-430312 binaries CXOU J132518.2-430304) NGC 5128) galaxies: individual (Centaurus A galaxies: elliptical and lenticular cD Burke, M. Kraft, R. Soria, Roberto Maccarone, T. Raychaudhury, S. Sivakoff, G. Birkinshaw, M. Brassington, N. Forman, W. Hardcastle, M. Jones, C. Murray, S. Worrall, D. The fading of two transient ultraluminous x-ray sources to below the stellar mass Eddington limit |
| title | The fading of two transient ultraluminous x-ray sources to below the stellar mass Eddington limit |
| title_full | The fading of two transient ultraluminous x-ray sources to below the stellar mass Eddington limit |
| title_fullStr | The fading of two transient ultraluminous x-ray sources to below the stellar mass Eddington limit |
| title_full_unstemmed | The fading of two transient ultraluminous x-ray sources to below the stellar mass Eddington limit |
| title_short | The fading of two transient ultraluminous x-ray sources to below the stellar mass Eddington limit |
| title_sort | fading of two transient ultraluminous x-ray sources to below the stellar mass eddington limit |
| topic | x-rays: galaxies x-rays x-rays: individual (1RXH J132519.8-430312 binaries CXOU J132518.2-430304) NGC 5128) galaxies: individual (Centaurus A galaxies: elliptical and lenticular cD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/30082 |