It Pays to Violate: How Effective are the Basel Accord Penalties in Encouraging Risk Management?

The internal models amendment to the Basel Accord allows banks to use internal models to forecast Value-at-risk (VaR) thresholds, which are used to calculate the required capital that banks must hold in reserve as a protection against negative changes in the value of their trading portfolios. As cap...

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Main Authors: Da Veiga, Bernardo, Chan, Felix, McAleer, Michael
Format: Journal Article
Published: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia 2012
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/28605
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author Da Veiga, Bernardo
Chan, Felix
McAleer, Michael
author_facet Da Veiga, Bernardo
Chan, Felix
McAleer, Michael
author_sort Da Veiga, Bernardo
building Curtin Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description The internal models amendment to the Basel Accord allows banks to use internal models to forecast Value-at-risk (VaR) thresholds, which are used to calculate the required capital that banks must hold in reserve as a protection against negative changes in the value of their trading portfolios. As capital reserves lead to an opportunity cost to banks, it is likely that banks could be tempted to use models that underpredict risk and hence lead to low capital charges. To avoid this problem the Basel Accord introduced a backtesting procedure, whereby banks using models that led to excessive violations are penalised through higher capital charges. This paper investigates the performance of five popular volatility models that can be used to forecast VaR thresholds under a variety of distributional assumptions. The results suggest that, within the current constraints and the penalty structure of the Basel Accord, the lowest capital charges arise when using models that lead to excessive violations, thereby suggesting the current penalty structure is not severe enough to encourage adequate risk management. In addition, this paper suggests an alternative penalty structure that is more effective at aligning the interests of banks and regulators.
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spelling curtin-20.500.11937-286052017-09-13T15:56:36Z It Pays to Violate: How Effective are the Basel Accord Penalties in Encouraging Risk Management? Da Veiga, Bernardo Chan, Felix McAleer, Michael Risk management GARCH Basel accord penalties Backtesting Simulations Forecasting Value-at-risk The internal models amendment to the Basel Accord allows banks to use internal models to forecast Value-at-risk (VaR) thresholds, which are used to calculate the required capital that banks must hold in reserve as a protection against negative changes in the value of their trading portfolios. As capital reserves lead to an opportunity cost to banks, it is likely that banks could be tempted to use models that underpredict risk and hence lead to low capital charges. To avoid this problem the Basel Accord introduced a backtesting procedure, whereby banks using models that led to excessive violations are penalised through higher capital charges. This paper investigates the performance of five popular volatility models that can be used to forecast VaR thresholds under a variety of distributional assumptions. The results suggest that, within the current constraints and the penalty structure of the Basel Accord, the lowest capital charges arise when using models that lead to excessive violations, thereby suggesting the current penalty structure is not severe enough to encourage adequate risk management. In addition, this paper suggests an alternative penalty structure that is more effective at aligning the interests of banks and regulators. 2012 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/28605 10.1111/j.1467-629X.2011.00422.x Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia restricted
spellingShingle Risk management
GARCH
Basel accord penalties
Backtesting
Simulations
Forecasting
Value-at-risk
Da Veiga, Bernardo
Chan, Felix
McAleer, Michael
It Pays to Violate: How Effective are the Basel Accord Penalties in Encouraging Risk Management?
title It Pays to Violate: How Effective are the Basel Accord Penalties in Encouraging Risk Management?
title_full It Pays to Violate: How Effective are the Basel Accord Penalties in Encouraging Risk Management?
title_fullStr It Pays to Violate: How Effective are the Basel Accord Penalties in Encouraging Risk Management?
title_full_unstemmed It Pays to Violate: How Effective are the Basel Accord Penalties in Encouraging Risk Management?
title_short It Pays to Violate: How Effective are the Basel Accord Penalties in Encouraging Risk Management?
title_sort it pays to violate: how effective are the basel accord penalties in encouraging risk management?
topic Risk management
GARCH
Basel accord penalties
Backtesting
Simulations
Forecasting
Value-at-risk
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/28605