Nutritional Regulation of Insulin Secretion: Implications for Diabetes
Pancreatic ß-cells are exquisitely organised to continually monitor and respond to dietary nutrients, under the modulation of additional neurohormonal signals, in order to secrete insulin to best meet the needs of the organism. ß-cell nutrient sensing requires complex mechanisms of metabolic activat...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Published: |
The Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemists Inc.
2012
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3387883/pdf/cbr_33_2_35.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/27555 |
| _version_ | 1848752296125530112 |
|---|---|
| author | Newsholme, Philip Krause, M. |
| author_facet | Newsholme, Philip Krause, M. |
| author_sort | Newsholme, Philip |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Pancreatic ß-cells are exquisitely organised to continually monitor and respond to dietary nutrients, under the modulation of additional neurohormonal signals, in order to secrete insulin to best meet the needs of the organism. ß-cell nutrient sensing requires complex mechanisms of metabolic activation, resulting in production of stimulus-secretion coupling signals that promote insulin biosynthesis and release. The primary stimulus for insulin secretion is an elevation in blood glucose concentration and ß-cells are particularly responsive to this important nutrient secretagogue via the tight regulation of glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways at steps such as glucokinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate carboxylase, glutamate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial redoxshuttles. With respect to development of type-2 diabetes (T2DM), it is important to consider individual effects of different classes of nutrient or other physiological or pharmacological agents on metabolism and insulin secretion and to also acknowledge and examine the interplay between glucose metabolism and that of the two other primary nutrient classes, amino acids (such as arginine and glutamine) and fatty acids. It is the mixed nutrient sensing and outputs of glucose, amino and fatty acid metabolism that generate the metabolic coupling factors (MCFs) essential for signalling for insulin exocytosis. Primary MCFs in the ß-cell include ATP, NADPH, glutamate, long chain acyl coenzyme A and diacylglycerol. It is the failure to generate MCFs in a coordinated manner and at sufficient levels that underlies the failure of ß-cell secretion during the pathogenesis of T2DM. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T08:06:22Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-27555 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T08:06:22Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | The Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemists Inc. |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-275552017-02-28T01:47:31Z Nutritional Regulation of Insulin Secretion: Implications for Diabetes Newsholme, Philip Krause, M. insulin Pancreatic ß-cells glucose Pancreatic ß-cells are exquisitely organised to continually monitor and respond to dietary nutrients, under the modulation of additional neurohormonal signals, in order to secrete insulin to best meet the needs of the organism. ß-cell nutrient sensing requires complex mechanisms of metabolic activation, resulting in production of stimulus-secretion coupling signals that promote insulin biosynthesis and release. The primary stimulus for insulin secretion is an elevation in blood glucose concentration and ß-cells are particularly responsive to this important nutrient secretagogue via the tight regulation of glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways at steps such as glucokinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate carboxylase, glutamate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial redoxshuttles. With respect to development of type-2 diabetes (T2DM), it is important to consider individual effects of different classes of nutrient or other physiological or pharmacological agents on metabolism and insulin secretion and to also acknowledge and examine the interplay between glucose metabolism and that of the two other primary nutrient classes, amino acids (such as arginine and glutamine) and fatty acids. It is the mixed nutrient sensing and outputs of glucose, amino and fatty acid metabolism that generate the metabolic coupling factors (MCFs) essential for signalling for insulin exocytosis. Primary MCFs in the ß-cell include ATP, NADPH, glutamate, long chain acyl coenzyme A and diacylglycerol. It is the failure to generate MCFs in a coordinated manner and at sufficient levels that underlies the failure of ß-cell secretion during the pathogenesis of T2DM. 2012 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/27555 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3387883/pdf/cbr_33_2_35.pdf The Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemists Inc. restricted |
| spellingShingle | insulin Pancreatic ß-cells glucose Newsholme, Philip Krause, M. Nutritional Regulation of Insulin Secretion: Implications for Diabetes |
| title | Nutritional Regulation of Insulin Secretion: Implications for Diabetes |
| title_full | Nutritional Regulation of Insulin Secretion: Implications for Diabetes |
| title_fullStr | Nutritional Regulation of Insulin Secretion: Implications for Diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nutritional Regulation of Insulin Secretion: Implications for Diabetes |
| title_short | Nutritional Regulation of Insulin Secretion: Implications for Diabetes |
| title_sort | nutritional regulation of insulin secretion: implications for diabetes |
| topic | insulin Pancreatic ß-cells glucose |
| url | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3387883/pdf/cbr_33_2_35.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/27555 |