Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, antioxidant defenses, and β-cell function: a critical role for amino acids
Growing evidence indicates that the regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) levels is essential for maintaining normal β-cell glucose responsiveness. While long-term exposure to high glucose induces oxidative stress in β cells, conflicting result...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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BioScientifica Ltd.
2012
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/26446 |
| _version_ | 1848751988827750400 |
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| author | Newsholme, Philip Rebelato, E. Abdulkader, F. Krause, M. Carpinelli, A. Curi, R. |
| author_facet | Newsholme, Philip Rebelato, E. Abdulkader, F. Krause, M. Carpinelli, A. Curi, R. |
| author_sort | Newsholme, Philip |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Growing evidence indicates that the regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) levels is essential for maintaining normal β-cell glucose responsiveness. While long-term exposure to high glucose induces oxidative stress in β cells, conflicting results have been published regarding the impact of ROS on acute glucose exposure and their role in glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Although β cells are considered to be particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, as they express relatively low levels of some peroxide-metabolizing enzymes such as catalase and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, other less known GSH-based antioxidant systems are expressed in β cells at higher levels. Herein, we discuss the key mechanisms of ROS/RNS production and their physiological function in pancreatic β cells. We also hypothesize that specific interactions between RNS and ROS may be the cause of the vulnerability of pancreatic β cells to oxidative damage. In addition, using a hypothetical metabolic model based on the data available in the literature, we emphasize the importance of amino acid availability for GSH synthesis and for the maintenance of β-cell function and viability during periods of metabolic disturbance before the clinical onset of diabetes. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T08:01:29Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-26446 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T08:01:29Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | BioScientifica Ltd. |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-264462017-09-13T15:56:51Z Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, antioxidant defenses, and β-cell function: a critical role for amino acids Newsholme, Philip Rebelato, E. Abdulkader, F. Krause, M. Carpinelli, A. Curi, R. amino acids insulin pancreatic glucose b-cell antioxidant defences Growing evidence indicates that the regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) levels is essential for maintaining normal β-cell glucose responsiveness. While long-term exposure to high glucose induces oxidative stress in β cells, conflicting results have been published regarding the impact of ROS on acute glucose exposure and their role in glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Although β cells are considered to be particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, as they express relatively low levels of some peroxide-metabolizing enzymes such as catalase and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, other less known GSH-based antioxidant systems are expressed in β cells at higher levels. Herein, we discuss the key mechanisms of ROS/RNS production and their physiological function in pancreatic β cells. We also hypothesize that specific interactions between RNS and ROS may be the cause of the vulnerability of pancreatic β cells to oxidative damage. In addition, using a hypothetical metabolic model based on the data available in the literature, we emphasize the importance of amino acid availability for GSH synthesis and for the maintenance of β-cell function and viability during periods of metabolic disturbance before the clinical onset of diabetes. 2012 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/26446 10.1530/JOE-12-0072 BioScientifica Ltd. unknown |
| spellingShingle | amino acids insulin pancreatic glucose b-cell antioxidant defences Newsholme, Philip Rebelato, E. Abdulkader, F. Krause, M. Carpinelli, A. Curi, R. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, antioxidant defenses, and β-cell function: a critical role for amino acids |
| title | Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, antioxidant defenses, and β-cell function: a critical role for amino acids |
| title_full | Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, antioxidant defenses, and β-cell function: a critical role for amino acids |
| title_fullStr | Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, antioxidant defenses, and β-cell function: a critical role for amino acids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, antioxidant defenses, and β-cell function: a critical role for amino acids |
| title_short | Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, antioxidant defenses, and β-cell function: a critical role for amino acids |
| title_sort | reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation, antioxidant defenses, and β-cell function: a critical role for amino acids |
| topic | amino acids insulin pancreatic glucose b-cell antioxidant defences |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/26446 |