Limits on the stochastic gravitational wave background from the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves

We present an analysis of high-precision pulsar timing data taken as part of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) project. We have observed 17 pulsars for a span of roughly five years using the Green Bank and Arecibo radio telescopes. We analyze these data usin...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Demorest, P., Ferdman, R., Gonzalez, M., Nice, D., Ransom, S., Stairs, I., Arzoumanian, Z., Brazier, A., Burke-Spolaor, S., Chamberlin, S., Cordes, J., Ellis, J., Finn, L., Freire, P., Giampanis, S., Jenet, F., Kaspi, V., Lazio, J., Lommen, A., McLaughlin, M., Palliyaguru, N., Perrodin, D., Shannon, Ryan, Siemens, X., Stinebring, D., Swiggum, J., Zhu, W.
Format: Journal Article
Published: 2013
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/24501
Description
Summary:We present an analysis of high-precision pulsar timing data taken as part of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) project. We have observed 17 pulsars for a span of roughly five years using the Green Bank and Arecibo radio telescopes. We analyze these data using standard pulsar timing models, with the addition of time-variable dispersion measure and frequency-variable pulse shape terms. Sub-microsecond timing residuals are obtained in nearly all cases, and the best rms timing residuals in this set are ~30-50 ns. We present methods for analyzing post-fit timing residuals for the presence of a gravitational wave signal with a specified spectral shape. These optimally take into account the timing fluctuation power removed by the model fit, and can be applied to either data from a single pulsar, or to a set of pulsars to detect a correlated signal. We apply these methods to our data set to set an upper limit on the strength of the nHz-frequency stochastic supermassive black hole gravitational wave background of hc (1 yr–1) < 7 × 10–15 (95%). This result is dominated by the timing of the two best pulsars in the set, PSRs J1713+0747 and J1909–3744.