Electrochemical oxidation of reverse osmosis concentrate on boron-doped diamond anodes at circumneutral and acidic pH
Electrochemical processes have been widely investigated for degrading organic contaminants present in wastewater. This study evaluated the performance of electrochemical oxidation using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes by forming OH for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) from sec...
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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IWA Publishing
2012
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/21877 |
| _version_ | 1848750713367166976 |
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| author | Bagastyo, A. Batstone, D. Kristiana, Ina Gernjak, W. Joll, Cynthia Radjenovic, J. |
| author_facet | Bagastyo, A. Batstone, D. Kristiana, Ina Gernjak, W. Joll, Cynthia Radjenovic, J. |
| author_sort | Bagastyo, A. |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Electrochemical processes have been widely investigated for degrading organic contaminants present in wastewater. This study evaluated the performance of electrochemical oxidation using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes by forming OH for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) from secondary-treated wastewater effluents. Since oxidation by OH and active chlorine species (HClO/ClO-) is influenced by pH, the electrochemical oxidation of ROC was evaluated at controlled pH 6-7 and at pH 1-2 (no pH adjustment). A high concentration of chloride ions in the ROC enhanced the oxidation, and 7-11% of Coulombic efficiency for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was achieved with 5.2 Ah L-1 of specific electrical charge. Complete COD removal was observed after 5.2and 6.6 Ah L-1, yet the corresponding dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal was only 48% (at acidic pH) and 59% (at circumneutral pH). Although a higher operating pH seemed to enhance the participation of OH* in oxidation mechanisms, high concentrations of chloride resulted in the formation of significant concentrations of adsorbable organic chlorine (AOCl) after electrochemical oxidation at both pH. While adsorbable organic bromine (AOBr) was degraded at a higher applied electrical charge, a continuous increase in AOCl concentration (up to 0.88 mM) was observed until the end of the experiments (i.e. 10.9 Ah L-1).In addition, total trihalomethanes (tTHMs) and total haloacetic acids (tHAAs) were further degraded with an increase in electrical charge under both pH conditions, to final total concentrations of 1 and 4 µM (tTHMs), and 12 and 22 µM (tHAAs), at acidic and circumneutral pH, respectively. In particular, tHAAs were still an order of magnitude above their initial concentration in ROC after further electrooxidation. Where high chloride concentrations are present, it was found to be necessary to separate chloride from ROC prior to electrochemical oxidation in order to avoid the formation of chlorinated by-products. |
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| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-21877 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T07:41:12Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-218772017-09-13T16:00:44Z Electrochemical oxidation of reverse osmosis concentrate on boron-doped diamond anodes at circumneutral and acidic pH Bagastyo, A. Batstone, D. Kristiana, Ina Gernjak, W. Joll, Cynthia Radjenovic, J. Adsorbable organic halogen Reverse osmosis concentrate Boron-doped diamond anode Electrochemical oxidation Electrochemical processes have been widely investigated for degrading organic contaminants present in wastewater. This study evaluated the performance of electrochemical oxidation using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes by forming OH for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) from secondary-treated wastewater effluents. Since oxidation by OH and active chlorine species (HClO/ClO-) is influenced by pH, the electrochemical oxidation of ROC was evaluated at controlled pH 6-7 and at pH 1-2 (no pH adjustment). A high concentration of chloride ions in the ROC enhanced the oxidation, and 7-11% of Coulombic efficiency for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was achieved with 5.2 Ah L-1 of specific electrical charge. Complete COD removal was observed after 5.2and 6.6 Ah L-1, yet the corresponding dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal was only 48% (at acidic pH) and 59% (at circumneutral pH). Although a higher operating pH seemed to enhance the participation of OH* in oxidation mechanisms, high concentrations of chloride resulted in the formation of significant concentrations of adsorbable organic chlorine (AOCl) after electrochemical oxidation at both pH. While adsorbable organic bromine (AOBr) was degraded at a higher applied electrical charge, a continuous increase in AOCl concentration (up to 0.88 mM) was observed until the end of the experiments (i.e. 10.9 Ah L-1).In addition, total trihalomethanes (tTHMs) and total haloacetic acids (tHAAs) were further degraded with an increase in electrical charge under both pH conditions, to final total concentrations of 1 and 4 µM (tTHMs), and 12 and 22 µM (tHAAs), at acidic and circumneutral pH, respectively. In particular, tHAAs were still an order of magnitude above their initial concentration in ROC after further electrooxidation. Where high chloride concentrations are present, it was found to be necessary to separate chloride from ROC prior to electrochemical oxidation in order to avoid the formation of chlorinated by-products. 2012 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/21877 10.1016/j.watres.2012.08.038 IWA Publishing restricted |
| spellingShingle | Adsorbable organic halogen Reverse osmosis concentrate Boron-doped diamond anode Electrochemical oxidation Bagastyo, A. Batstone, D. Kristiana, Ina Gernjak, W. Joll, Cynthia Radjenovic, J. Electrochemical oxidation of reverse osmosis concentrate on boron-doped diamond anodes at circumneutral and acidic pH |
| title | Electrochemical oxidation of reverse osmosis concentrate on boron-doped diamond anodes at circumneutral and acidic pH |
| title_full | Electrochemical oxidation of reverse osmosis concentrate on boron-doped diamond anodes at circumneutral and acidic pH |
| title_fullStr | Electrochemical oxidation of reverse osmosis concentrate on boron-doped diamond anodes at circumneutral and acidic pH |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemical oxidation of reverse osmosis concentrate on boron-doped diamond anodes at circumneutral and acidic pH |
| title_short | Electrochemical oxidation of reverse osmosis concentrate on boron-doped diamond anodes at circumneutral and acidic pH |
| title_sort | electrochemical oxidation of reverse osmosis concentrate on boron-doped diamond anodes at circumneutral and acidic ph |
| topic | Adsorbable organic halogen Reverse osmosis concentrate Boron-doped diamond anode Electrochemical oxidation |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/21877 |