Low-dimensional trade-offs fail to explain richness and structure in species-rich plant communities

Mathematical models and ecological theory suggest that low-dimensional life history trade-offs (i.e. negative correlation between two life history traits such as competition vs. colonisation) may potentially explain the maintenance of species diversity and community structure. In the absence of trad...

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Main Authors: Esther, A., Groeneveld, J., Enright, Neal, Miller, Ben, Lamont, Byron, Perry, G., Tietjen, B., Jeltsch, F.
Format: Journal Article
Published: Springer Netherlands 2011
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/20536
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author Esther, A.
Groeneveld, J.
Enright, Neal
Miller, Ben
Lamont, Byron
Perry, G.
Tietjen, B.
Jeltsch, F.
author_facet Esther, A.
Groeneveld, J.
Enright, Neal
Miller, Ben
Lamont, Byron
Perry, G.
Tietjen, B.
Jeltsch, F.
author_sort Esther, A.
building Curtin Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description Mathematical models and ecological theory suggest that low-dimensional life history trade-offs (i.e. negative correlation between two life history traits such as competition vs. colonisation) may potentially explain the maintenance of species diversity and community structure. In the absence of trade-offs, we would expect communities to be dominated by ‘super-types’ characterised by mainly positive trait expressions. However, it has proven difficult to find strong empirical evidence for such trade-offs in species-rich communities. We developed a spatially explicit, rule-based and individual-based stochastic model to explore the importance of low-dimensional trade-offs. This model simulates the community dynamics of 288 virtual plant functional types (PFTs), each of which is described by seven life history traits. We consider trait combinations that fit into the trade-off concept, as well as super-types with little or no energy constraints or resource limitations, and weak PFTs, which do not exploit resources efficiently. The model is parameterised using data from a fire-prone, species-rich Mediterranean-type shrubland in south-western Australia. We performed an exclusion experiment, where we sequentially removed the strongest PFT in the simulation and studied the remaining communities.We analysed the impact of traits on performance of PFTs in the exclusion experiment with standard and boosted regression trees. Regression tree analysis of the simulation results showed that the trade-off concept is necessary for PFT viability in the case of weak trait expression combinations such as low seed production or small seeds. However, species richness and diversity can be high despite the presence of super-types. Furthermore, the exclusion of super-types does not necessarily lead to a large increase in PFT richness and diversity. We conclude that low-dimensional trade-offs do not provide explanations for multi-species co-existence contrary to the prediction of many conceptual models.
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spelling curtin-20.500.11937-205362017-09-13T15:59:26Z Low-dimensional trade-offs fail to explain richness and structure in species-rich plant communities Esther, A. Groeneveld, J. Enright, Neal Miller, Ben Lamont, Byron Perry, G. Tietjen, B. Jeltsch, F. Regression tree analysis Plant functional types Boosted regression tree Individual-based model Plant diversity Spatially explicit model CART Co-existence Mathematical models and ecological theory suggest that low-dimensional life history trade-offs (i.e. negative correlation between two life history traits such as competition vs. colonisation) may potentially explain the maintenance of species diversity and community structure. In the absence of trade-offs, we would expect communities to be dominated by ‘super-types’ characterised by mainly positive trait expressions. However, it has proven difficult to find strong empirical evidence for such trade-offs in species-rich communities. We developed a spatially explicit, rule-based and individual-based stochastic model to explore the importance of low-dimensional trade-offs. This model simulates the community dynamics of 288 virtual plant functional types (PFTs), each of which is described by seven life history traits. We consider trait combinations that fit into the trade-off concept, as well as super-types with little or no energy constraints or resource limitations, and weak PFTs, which do not exploit resources efficiently. The model is parameterised using data from a fire-prone, species-rich Mediterranean-type shrubland in south-western Australia. We performed an exclusion experiment, where we sequentially removed the strongest PFT in the simulation and studied the remaining communities.We analysed the impact of traits on performance of PFTs in the exclusion experiment with standard and boosted regression trees. Regression tree analysis of the simulation results showed that the trade-off concept is necessary for PFT viability in the case of weak trait expression combinations such as low seed production or small seeds. However, species richness and diversity can be high despite the presence of super-types. Furthermore, the exclusion of super-types does not necessarily lead to a large increase in PFT richness and diversity. We conclude that low-dimensional trade-offs do not provide explanations for multi-species co-existence contrary to the prediction of many conceptual models. 2011 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/20536 10.1007/s12080-010-0092-y Springer Netherlands restricted
spellingShingle Regression tree analysis
Plant functional types
Boosted regression tree
Individual-based model
Plant diversity
Spatially explicit model
CART
Co-existence
Esther, A.
Groeneveld, J.
Enright, Neal
Miller, Ben
Lamont, Byron
Perry, G.
Tietjen, B.
Jeltsch, F.
Low-dimensional trade-offs fail to explain richness and structure in species-rich plant communities
title Low-dimensional trade-offs fail to explain richness and structure in species-rich plant communities
title_full Low-dimensional trade-offs fail to explain richness and structure in species-rich plant communities
title_fullStr Low-dimensional trade-offs fail to explain richness and structure in species-rich plant communities
title_full_unstemmed Low-dimensional trade-offs fail to explain richness and structure in species-rich plant communities
title_short Low-dimensional trade-offs fail to explain richness and structure in species-rich plant communities
title_sort low-dimensional trade-offs fail to explain richness and structure in species-rich plant communities
topic Regression tree analysis
Plant functional types
Boosted regression tree
Individual-based model
Plant diversity
Spatially explicit model
CART
Co-existence
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/20536