Second hand smoke in alfresco areas
Issue addressed: There are moves to ban smoking in outdoor areas of pubs, restaurants and cafes. Some arguethat this is unnecessary as exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) is minimal. The aim of this study was to determine potential exposure of patrons to SHS in outdoor areas of eating and drinking v...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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Australian Health Promotion Association
2010
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19006 |
| _version_ | 1848749910014296064 |
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| author | Stafford, Julia Daube, Mike Franklin, P. |
| author_facet | Stafford, Julia Daube, Mike Franklin, P. |
| author_sort | Stafford, Julia |
| building | Curtin Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Issue addressed: There are moves to ban smoking in outdoor areas of pubs, restaurants and cafes. Some arguethat this is unnecessary as exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) is minimal. The aim of this study was to determine potential exposure of patrons to SHS in outdoor areas of eating and drinking venues. Methods: Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were measured in the alfresco areas of 28 cafes and pubs. Data were collected on the number of smokers present during sampling and factors that could influence PM2.5 concentrations. PM2.5 concentrations for periods with and without smokers were compared using paired and independent sample tests.Results: PM2.5 concentrations were significantly increased when there was at least one smoker compared to periods with no smoking (14.25 μg/m3 and 3.98 g/m3, respectively). There was evidence of a dose response increase with mean concentrations for none, one and two or more smokers of 3.98, 10.59 and 17.00μg/m3, respectively. The differences remained significant after controlling for other factors. When two or more people were smoking, average PM2.5 reached levels the US Environmental Protection Agency warns may put particularly sensitive people at risk of respiratory symptoms. Conclusions: Smoking increases PM2.5 concentrations in outdoor areas to levels that are potentially hazardous to health. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-14T07:28:26Z |
| format | Journal Article |
| id | curtin-20.500.11937-19006 |
| institution | Curtin University Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-14T07:28:26Z |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publisher | Australian Health Promotion Association |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | curtin-20.500.11937-190062017-01-30T12:11:17Z Second hand smoke in alfresco areas Stafford, Julia Daube, Mike Franklin, P. advocacy smoking legislation Tobacco public health Issue addressed: There are moves to ban smoking in outdoor areas of pubs, restaurants and cafes. Some arguethat this is unnecessary as exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) is minimal. The aim of this study was to determine potential exposure of patrons to SHS in outdoor areas of eating and drinking venues. Methods: Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were measured in the alfresco areas of 28 cafes and pubs. Data were collected on the number of smokers present during sampling and factors that could influence PM2.5 concentrations. PM2.5 concentrations for periods with and without smokers were compared using paired and independent sample tests.Results: PM2.5 concentrations were significantly increased when there was at least one smoker compared to periods with no smoking (14.25 μg/m3 and 3.98 g/m3, respectively). There was evidence of a dose response increase with mean concentrations for none, one and two or more smokers of 3.98, 10.59 and 17.00μg/m3, respectively. The differences remained significant after controlling for other factors. When two or more people were smoking, average PM2.5 reached levels the US Environmental Protection Agency warns may put particularly sensitive people at risk of respiratory symptoms. Conclusions: Smoking increases PM2.5 concentrations in outdoor areas to levels that are potentially hazardous to health. 2010 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19006 Australian Health Promotion Association restricted |
| spellingShingle | advocacy smoking legislation Tobacco public health Stafford, Julia Daube, Mike Franklin, P. Second hand smoke in alfresco areas |
| title | Second hand smoke in alfresco areas |
| title_full | Second hand smoke in alfresco areas |
| title_fullStr | Second hand smoke in alfresco areas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Second hand smoke in alfresco areas |
| title_short | Second hand smoke in alfresco areas |
| title_sort | second hand smoke in alfresco areas |
| topic | advocacy smoking legislation Tobacco public health |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19006 |