Limitations in timing precision due to single-pulse shape variability in millisecond pulsars

High-sensitivity radio-frequency observations of millisecond pulsars usually show stochastic, broad-band, pulse-shape variations intrinsic to the pulsar emission process. These variations induce jitter noise in pulsar timing observations; understanding the properties of this noise is of particular i...

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Main Authors: Shannon, R., Oslowski, S., Dai, S., Bailes, M., Hobbs, G., Manchester, R., van Straten, W., Raithel, C., Ravi, V., Toomey, L., Bhat, Ramesh, Burke-Spolaor, S., Coles, W., Keith, M., Kerr, M., Levin, Y., Sarkissian, J., Wang, J., Wen, L., Zhu, X.
Format: Journal Article
Published: Oxford University Press 2014
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/13332
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author Shannon, R.
Oslowski, S.
Dai, S.
Bailes, M.
Hobbs, G.
Manchester, R.
van Straten, W.
Raithel, C.
Ravi, V.
Toomey, L.
Bhat, Ramesh
Burke-Spolaor, S.
Coles, W.
Keith, M.
Kerr, M.
Levin, Y.
Sarkissian, J.
Wang, J.
Wen, L.
Zhu, X.
author_facet Shannon, R.
Oslowski, S.
Dai, S.
Bailes, M.
Hobbs, G.
Manchester, R.
van Straten, W.
Raithel, C.
Ravi, V.
Toomey, L.
Bhat, Ramesh
Burke-Spolaor, S.
Coles, W.
Keith, M.
Kerr, M.
Levin, Y.
Sarkissian, J.
Wang, J.
Wen, L.
Zhu, X.
author_sort Shannon, R.
building Curtin Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description High-sensitivity radio-frequency observations of millisecond pulsars usually show stochastic, broad-band, pulse-shape variations intrinsic to the pulsar emission process. These variations induce jitter noise in pulsar timing observations; understanding the properties of this noise is of particular importance for the effort to detect gravitational waves with pulsar timing arrays. We assess the short-term profile and timing stability of 22 millisecond pulsars that are part of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array sample by examining intraobservation arrival time variability and single-pulse phenomenology. In 7 of the 22 pulsars, in the band centred at approximately 1400 MHz, we find that the brightest observations are limited by intrinsic jitter. We find consistent results, either detections or upper limits, for jitter noise in other frequency bands. PSR J1909-3744 shows the lowest levels of jitter noise, which we estimate to contribute ~10 ns root mean square error to the arrival times for hour-duration observations. Larger levels of jitter noise are found in pulsars with wider pulses and distributions of pulse intensities. The jitter noise in PSR J0437-4715 decorrelates over a bandwidth of ~2 GHz. We show that the uncertainties associated with timing pulsar models can be improved by including physically motivated jitter uncertainties. Pulse-shape variations will limit the timing precision at future, more sensitive, telescopes; it is imperative to account for this noise when designing instrumentation and timing campaigns for these facilities.
first_indexed 2025-11-14T07:03:09Z
format Journal Article
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institution Curtin University Malaysia
institution_category Local University
last_indexed 2025-11-14T07:03:09Z
publishDate 2014
publisher Oxford University Press
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spelling curtin-20.500.11937-133322017-09-13T14:57:34Z Limitations in timing precision due to single-pulse shape variability in millisecond pulsars Shannon, R. Oslowski, S. Dai, S. Bailes, M. Hobbs, G. Manchester, R. van Straten, W. Raithel, C. Ravi, V. Toomey, L. Bhat, Ramesh Burke-Spolaor, S. Coles, W. Keith, M. Kerr, M. Levin, Y. Sarkissian, J. Wang, J. Wen, L. Zhu, X. stars: neutron pulsars: general methods: data analysis High-sensitivity radio-frequency observations of millisecond pulsars usually show stochastic, broad-band, pulse-shape variations intrinsic to the pulsar emission process. These variations induce jitter noise in pulsar timing observations; understanding the properties of this noise is of particular importance for the effort to detect gravitational waves with pulsar timing arrays. We assess the short-term profile and timing stability of 22 millisecond pulsars that are part of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array sample by examining intraobservation arrival time variability and single-pulse phenomenology. In 7 of the 22 pulsars, in the band centred at approximately 1400 MHz, we find that the brightest observations are limited by intrinsic jitter. We find consistent results, either detections or upper limits, for jitter noise in other frequency bands. PSR J1909-3744 shows the lowest levels of jitter noise, which we estimate to contribute ~10 ns root mean square error to the arrival times for hour-duration observations. Larger levels of jitter noise are found in pulsars with wider pulses and distributions of pulse intensities. The jitter noise in PSR J0437-4715 decorrelates over a bandwidth of ~2 GHz. We show that the uncertainties associated with timing pulsar models can be improved by including physically motivated jitter uncertainties. Pulse-shape variations will limit the timing precision at future, more sensitive, telescopes; it is imperative to account for this noise when designing instrumentation and timing campaigns for these facilities. 2014 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/13332 10.1093/mnras/stu1213 Oxford University Press fulltext
spellingShingle stars: neutron
pulsars: general
methods: data analysis
Shannon, R.
Oslowski, S.
Dai, S.
Bailes, M.
Hobbs, G.
Manchester, R.
van Straten, W.
Raithel, C.
Ravi, V.
Toomey, L.
Bhat, Ramesh
Burke-Spolaor, S.
Coles, W.
Keith, M.
Kerr, M.
Levin, Y.
Sarkissian, J.
Wang, J.
Wen, L.
Zhu, X.
Limitations in timing precision due to single-pulse shape variability in millisecond pulsars
title Limitations in timing precision due to single-pulse shape variability in millisecond pulsars
title_full Limitations in timing precision due to single-pulse shape variability in millisecond pulsars
title_fullStr Limitations in timing precision due to single-pulse shape variability in millisecond pulsars
title_full_unstemmed Limitations in timing precision due to single-pulse shape variability in millisecond pulsars
title_short Limitations in timing precision due to single-pulse shape variability in millisecond pulsars
title_sort limitations in timing precision due to single-pulse shape variability in millisecond pulsars
topic stars: neutron
pulsars: general
methods: data analysis
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/13332