Detection of Gamma Rays from a Starburst Galaxy

Starburst galaxies exhibit in their central regions a highly increased rate of supernovae, the remnants of which are thought to accelerate energetic cosmic rays up to energies of ~1015 electron volts. We report the detection of gamma rays---tracers of such cosmic rays---from the starburst galaxy NGC...

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Main Authors:	Acero, F., Aharonian, F., Akhperjanian, A., Anton, G., Barres de Almeida, U., Bazer-Bachi, A., Becherini, Y., Behera, B., Bernlöhr, K., Bochow, A., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Borrel, V., Brucker, J., Brun, F., Brun, P., BüHLER, R., Bulik, T., Büsching, I., Boutelier, T., Chadwick, P., Charbonnier, A., Chaves, R., Cheesebrough, A., Chounet, L., Clapson, A., Coignet, G., Dalton, M., Daniel, M., Davids, I., Degrange, B., Deil, C., Dickinson, H., Djannati-Ataï, A., Domainko, W., Drury, L., Dubois, F., Dubus, G., Dyks, J., Dyrda, M., Egberts, K., Emmanoulopoulos, D., Espigat, P., Farnier, C., Fegan, S., Feinstein, F., Fiasson, A., Förster, A., Fontaine, G., Füßling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y., Gerard, L., Gerbig, D., Giebels, B., Glicenstein, J., Glück, B., Goret, P., Göring, D., Häuser, D., Hauser, M., Heinz, S., Heinzelmann, G., Henri, G., Hermann, G., Hinten, J., Hoffmann, A., Hofmann, W., Hofverberg, P., Hoppe, P., Horns, D., Jacholkowska, A., De Jager, O., Jahn, C., Jung, I., Katarzynski, K., Katz, U., Kaufmann, S., Kerschhaggl, M., Khangulyan, D., Khélifi, B., Keogh, D., Klochkov, D., Kluzniak, W., Kneiske, T., Komin, N., Kosack, K., Kossakowski, R., Lamanna, G., Lenain, J., Lohse, T., Marandon, V., Martineau-Huynh, O., Marcowith, A., Masbou, J., Maurin, D., McComb, T., Medina, C., Mehault, J., Moderski, R., Moulin, E., Naumann-Godo, M., de Naurois, M., Nedbal, D., Nekrassov, D., Nicholas, B., Niemiec, J., Nolan, S., Ohm, S., Olive, J., de Oña Wilhelmi, E., Orford, K., Ostrowski, M., Panter, M., Paz Arribas, M., Pedaletti, G., Pelletier, G., Petrucci, P., Pita, S., Pühlhofer, G., Punch, M., Ouirrenbach, A., Raubenheimer, B., Raue, M., Rayner, S., Reimer, O., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Ripken, J., Rob, L., Rosier Lees, S., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Rulten, C., Ruppel, J., Sahakian, V., Santangelo, A., Schlickeiser, R., Schöck, F., Schwanke, U., Schwarzburg, S., Schwemmer, S., Shalchi, A., Sikora, M., Skilton, J., Sol, H., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Stinzing, F., Superina, G., Szostek, A., Tam, P., Tavernet, J., Terrier, R., Tibolla, Omar, Tluczykont, M., van Eldik, C., Vasileiadis, G., Venter, C., Venter, L., Vialle, J., Vincent, P., Vivier, M., Volk, H., Volpe, F., Wagner, S., Ward, M., Zdziarski, A., Zech, A.
Format:	Journal Article
Published:	The American Association for the Advancement of Science 2009
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/10999

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author	Acero, F. Aharonian, F. Akhperjanian, A. Anton, G. Barres de Almeida, U. Bazer-Bachi, A. Becherini, Y. Behera, B. Bernlöhr, K. Bochow, A. Boisson, C. Bolmont, J. Borrel, V. Brucker, J. Brun, F. Brun, P. BüHLER, R. Bulik, T. Büsching, I. Boutelier, T. Chadwick, P. Charbonnier, A. Chaves, R. Cheesebrough, A. Chounet, L. Clapson, A. Coignet, G. Dalton, M. Daniel, M. Davids, I. Degrange, B. Deil, C. Dickinson, H. Djannati-Ataï, A. Domainko, W. Drury, L. Dubois, F. Dubus, G. Dyks, J. Dyrda, M. Egberts, K. Emmanoulopoulos, D. Espigat, P. Farnier, C. Fegan, S. Feinstein, F. Fiasson, A. Förster, A. Fontaine, G. Füßling, M. Gabici, S. Gallant, Y. Gerard, L. Gerbig, D. Giebels, B. Glicenstein, J. Glück, B. Goret, P. Göring, D. Häuser, D. Hauser, M. Heinz, S. Heinzelmann, G. Henri, G. Hermann, G. Hinten, J. Hoffmann, A. Hofmann, W. Hofverberg, P. Hoppe, P. Horns, D. Jacholkowska, A. De Jager, O. Jahn, C. Jung, I. Katarzynski, K. Katz, U. Kaufmann, S. Kerschhaggl, M. Khangulyan, D. Khélifi, B. Keogh, D. Klochkov, D. Kluzniak, W. Kneiske, T. Komin, N. Kosack, K. Kossakowski, R. Lamanna, G. Lenain, J. Lohse, T. Marandon, V. Martineau-Huynh, O. Marcowith, A. Masbou, J. Maurin, D. McComb, T. Medina, C. Mehault, J. Moderski, R. Moulin, E. Naumann-Godo, M. de Naurois, M. Nedbal, D. Nekrassov, D. Nicholas, B. Niemiec, J. Nolan, S. Ohm, S. Olive, J. de Oña Wilhelmi, E. Orford, K. Ostrowski, M. Panter, M. Paz Arribas, M. Pedaletti, G. Pelletier, G. Petrucci, P. Pita, S. Pühlhofer, G. Punch, M. Ouirrenbach, A. Raubenheimer, B. Raue, M. Rayner, S. Reimer, O. Renaud, M. Rieger, F. Ripken, J. Rob, L. Rosier Lees, S. Rowell, G. Rudak, B. Rulten, C. Ruppel, J. Sahakian, V. Santangelo, A. Schlickeiser, R. Schöck, F. Schwanke, U. Schwarzburg, S. Schwemmer, S. Shalchi, A. Sikora, M. Skilton, J. Sol, H. Stawarz, L. Steenkamp, R. Stegmann, C. Stinzing, F. Superina, G. Szostek, A. Tam, P. Tavernet, J. Terrier, R. Tibolla, Omar Tluczykont, M. van Eldik, C. Vasileiadis, G. Venter, C. Venter, L. Vialle, J. Vincent, P. Vivier, M. Volk, H. Volpe, F. Wagner, S. Ward, M. Zdziarski, A. Zech, A.
author_facet	Acero, F. Aharonian, F. Akhperjanian, A. Anton, G. Barres de Almeida, U. Bazer-Bachi, A. Becherini, Y. Behera, B. Bernlöhr, K. Bochow, A. Boisson, C. Bolmont, J. Borrel, V. Brucker, J. Brun, F. Brun, P. BüHLER, R. Bulik, T. Büsching, I. Boutelier, T. Chadwick, P. Charbonnier, A. Chaves, R. Cheesebrough, A. Chounet, L. Clapson, A. Coignet, G. Dalton, M. Daniel, M. Davids, I. Degrange, B. Deil, C. Dickinson, H. Djannati-Ataï, A. Domainko, W. Drury, L. Dubois, F. Dubus, G. Dyks, J. Dyrda, M. Egberts, K. Emmanoulopoulos, D. Espigat, P. Farnier, C. Fegan, S. Feinstein, F. Fiasson, A. Förster, A. Fontaine, G. Füßling, M. Gabici, S. Gallant, Y. Gerard, L. Gerbig, D. Giebels, B. Glicenstein, J. Glück, B. Goret, P. Göring, D. Häuser, D. Hauser, M. Heinz, S. Heinzelmann, G. Henri, G. Hermann, G. Hinten, J. Hoffmann, A. Hofmann, W. Hofverberg, P. Hoppe, P. Horns, D. Jacholkowska, A. De Jager, O. Jahn, C. Jung, I. Katarzynski, K. Katz, U. Kaufmann, S. Kerschhaggl, M. Khangulyan, D. Khélifi, B. Keogh, D. Klochkov, D. Kluzniak, W. Kneiske, T. Komin, N. Kosack, K. Kossakowski, R. Lamanna, G. Lenain, J. Lohse, T. Marandon, V. Martineau-Huynh, O. Marcowith, A. Masbou, J. Maurin, D. McComb, T. Medina, C. Mehault, J. Moderski, R. Moulin, E. Naumann-Godo, M. de Naurois, M. Nedbal, D. Nekrassov, D. Nicholas, B. Niemiec, J. Nolan, S. Ohm, S. Olive, J. de Oña Wilhelmi, E. Orford, K. Ostrowski, M. Panter, M. Paz Arribas, M. Pedaletti, G. Pelletier, G. Petrucci, P. Pita, S. Pühlhofer, G. Punch, M. Ouirrenbach, A. Raubenheimer, B. Raue, M. Rayner, S. Reimer, O. Renaud, M. Rieger, F. Ripken, J. Rob, L. Rosier Lees, S. Rowell, G. Rudak, B. Rulten, C. Ruppel, J. Sahakian, V. Santangelo, A. Schlickeiser, R. Schöck, F. Schwanke, U. Schwarzburg, S. Schwemmer, S. Shalchi, A. Sikora, M. Skilton, J. Sol, H. Stawarz, L. Steenkamp, R. Stegmann, C. Stinzing, F. Superina, G. Szostek, A. Tam, P. Tavernet, J. Terrier, R. Tibolla, Omar Tluczykont, M. van Eldik, C. Vasileiadis, G. Venter, C. Venter, L. Vialle, J. Vincent, P. Vivier, M. Volk, H. Volpe, F. Wagner, S. Ward, M. Zdziarski, A. Zech, A.
author_sort	Acero, F.
building	Curtin Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
description	Starburst galaxies exhibit in their central regions a highly increased rate of supernovae, the remnants of which are thought to accelerate energetic cosmic rays up to energies of ~1015 electron volts. We report the detection of gamma rays---tracers of such cosmic rays---from the starburst galaxy NGC 253 using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The gamma-ray flux above 220 billion electron volts is F = (5.5 ± 1.0stat ± 2.8sys) × 10-13 cm-2 s-1, implying a cosmic-ray density about three orders of magnitude larger than that in the center of the Milky Way. The fraction of cosmic-ray energy channeled into gamma rays in this starburst environment is five times as large as that in our Galaxy.
first_indexed	2025-11-14T06:53:07Z
format	Journal Article
id	curtin-20.500.11937-10999
institution	Curtin University Malaysia
institution_category	Local University
last_indexed	2025-11-14T06:53:07Z
publishDate	2009
publisher	The American Association for the Advancement of Science
recordtype	eprints
repository_type	Digital Repository
spelling	curtin-20.500.11937-109992017-02-28T01:33:15Z Detection of Gamma Rays from a Starburst Galaxy Acero, F. Aharonian, F. Akhperjanian, A. Anton, G. Barres de Almeida, U. Bazer-Bachi, A. Becherini, Y. Behera, B. Bernlöhr, K. Bochow, A. Boisson, C. Bolmont, J. Borrel, V. Brucker, J. Brun, F. Brun, P. BüHLER, R. Bulik, T. Büsching, I. Boutelier, T. Chadwick, P. Charbonnier, A. Chaves, R. Cheesebrough, A. Chounet, L. Clapson, A. Coignet, G. Dalton, M. Daniel, M. Davids, I. Degrange, B. Deil, C. Dickinson, H. Djannati-Ataï, A. Domainko, W. Drury, L. Dubois, F. Dubus, G. Dyks, J. Dyrda, M. Egberts, K. Emmanoulopoulos, D. Espigat, P. Farnier, C. Fegan, S. Feinstein, F. Fiasson, A. Förster, A. Fontaine, G. Füßling, M. Gabici, S. Gallant, Y. Gerard, L. Gerbig, D. Giebels, B. Glicenstein, J. Glück, B. Goret, P. Göring, D. Häuser, D. Hauser, M. Heinz, S. Heinzelmann, G. Henri, G. Hermann, G. Hinten, J. Hoffmann, A. Hofmann, W. Hofverberg, P. Hoppe, P. Horns, D. Jacholkowska, A. De Jager, O. Jahn, C. Jung, I. Katarzynski, K. Katz, U. Kaufmann, S. Kerschhaggl, M. Khangulyan, D. Khélifi, B. Keogh, D. Klochkov, D. Kluzniak, W. Kneiske, T. Komin, N. Kosack, K. Kossakowski, R. Lamanna, G. Lenain, J. Lohse, T. Marandon, V. Martineau-Huynh, O. Marcowith, A. Masbou, J. Maurin, D. McComb, T. Medina, C. Mehault, J. Moderski, R. Moulin, E. Naumann-Godo, M. de Naurois, M. Nedbal, D. Nekrassov, D. Nicholas, B. Niemiec, J. Nolan, S. Ohm, S. Olive, J. de Oña Wilhelmi, E. Orford, K. Ostrowski, M. Panter, M. Paz Arribas, M. Pedaletti, G. Pelletier, G. Petrucci, P. Pita, S. Pühlhofer, G. Punch, M. Ouirrenbach, A. Raubenheimer, B. Raue, M. Rayner, S. Reimer, O. Renaud, M. Rieger, F. Ripken, J. Rob, L. Rosier Lees, S. Rowell, G. Rudak, B. Rulten, C. Ruppel, J. Sahakian, V. Santangelo, A. Schlickeiser, R. Schöck, F. Schwanke, U. Schwarzburg, S. Schwemmer, S. Shalchi, A. Sikora, M. Skilton, J. Sol, H. Stawarz, L. Steenkamp, R. Stegmann, C. Stinzing, F. Superina, G. Szostek, A. Tam, P. Tavernet, J. Terrier, R. Tibolla, Omar Tluczykont, M. van Eldik, C. Vasileiadis, G. Venter, C. Venter, L. Vialle, J. Vincent, P. Vivier, M. Volk, H. Volpe, F. Wagner, S. Ward, M. Zdziarski, A. Zech, A. Starburst galaxies exhibit in their central regions a highly increased rate of supernovae, the remnants of which are thought to accelerate energetic cosmic rays up to energies of ~1015 electron volts. We report the detection of gamma rays---tracers of such cosmic rays---from the starburst galaxy NGC 253 using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The gamma-ray flux above 220 billion electron volts is F = (5.5 ± 1.0stat ± 2.8sys) × 10-13 cm-2 s-1, implying a cosmic-ray density about three orders of magnitude larger than that in the center of the Milky Way. The fraction of cosmic-ray energy channeled into gamma rays in this starburst environment is five times as large as that in our Galaxy. 2009 Journal Article http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/10999 The American Association for the Advancement of Science restricted
spellingShingle	Acero, F. Aharonian, F. Akhperjanian, A. Anton, G. Barres de Almeida, U. Bazer-Bachi, A. Becherini, Y. Behera, B. Bernlöhr, K. Bochow, A. Boisson, C. Bolmont, J. Borrel, V. Brucker, J. Brun, F. Brun, P. BüHLER, R. Bulik, T. Büsching, I. Boutelier, T. Chadwick, P. Charbonnier, A. Chaves, R. Cheesebrough, A. Chounet, L. Clapson, A. Coignet, G. Dalton, M. Daniel, M. Davids, I. Degrange, B. Deil, C. Dickinson, H. Djannati-Ataï, A. Domainko, W. Drury, L. Dubois, F. Dubus, G. Dyks, J. Dyrda, M. Egberts, K. Emmanoulopoulos, D. Espigat, P. Farnier, C. Fegan, S. Feinstein, F. Fiasson, A. Förster, A. Fontaine, G. Füßling, M. Gabici, S. Gallant, Y. Gerard, L. Gerbig, D. Giebels, B. Glicenstein, J. Glück, B. Goret, P. Göring, D. Häuser, D. Hauser, M. Heinz, S. Heinzelmann, G. Henri, G. Hermann, G. Hinten, J. Hoffmann, A. Hofmann, W. Hofverberg, P. Hoppe, P. Horns, D. Jacholkowska, A. De Jager, O. Jahn, C. Jung, I. Katarzynski, K. Katz, U. Kaufmann, S. Kerschhaggl, M. Khangulyan, D. Khélifi, B. Keogh, D. Klochkov, D. Kluzniak, W. Kneiske, T. Komin, N. Kosack, K. Kossakowski, R. Lamanna, G. Lenain, J. Lohse, T. Marandon, V. Martineau-Huynh, O. Marcowith, A. Masbou, J. Maurin, D. McComb, T. Medina, C. Mehault, J. Moderski, R. Moulin, E. Naumann-Godo, M. de Naurois, M. Nedbal, D. Nekrassov, D. Nicholas, B. Niemiec, J. Nolan, S. Ohm, S. Olive, J. de Oña Wilhelmi, E. Orford, K. Ostrowski, M. Panter, M. Paz Arribas, M. Pedaletti, G. Pelletier, G. Petrucci, P. Pita, S. Pühlhofer, G. Punch, M. Ouirrenbach, A. Raubenheimer, B. Raue, M. Rayner, S. Reimer, O. Renaud, M. Rieger, F. Ripken, J. Rob, L. Rosier Lees, S. Rowell, G. Rudak, B. Rulten, C. Ruppel, J. Sahakian, V. Santangelo, A. Schlickeiser, R. Schöck, F. Schwanke, U. Schwarzburg, S. Schwemmer, S. Shalchi, A. Sikora, M. Skilton, J. Sol, H. Stawarz, L. Steenkamp, R. Stegmann, C. Stinzing, F. Superina, G. Szostek, A. Tam, P. Tavernet, J. Terrier, R. Tibolla, Omar Tluczykont, M. van Eldik, C. Vasileiadis, G. Venter, C. Venter, L. Vialle, J. Vincent, P. Vivier, M. Volk, H. Volpe, F. Wagner, S. Ward, M. Zdziarski, A. Zech, A. Detection of Gamma Rays from a Starburst Galaxy
title	Detection of Gamma Rays from a Starburst Galaxy
title_full	Detection of Gamma Rays from a Starburst Galaxy
title_fullStr	Detection of Gamma Rays from a Starburst Galaxy
title_full_unstemmed	Detection of Gamma Rays from a Starburst Galaxy
title_short	Detection of Gamma Rays from a Starburst Galaxy
title_sort	detection of gamma rays from a starburst galaxy
url	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/10999

Detection of Gamma Rays from a Starburst Galaxy

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