2024_Foraging Activity And Palynological Anaylysis On The Pollen Collections Of The Stingless Bees, Heterotrigona Itama (Hymenoptera: Apidae) At The Coastal Forest, Terengganu
| Format: | General Document |
|---|
| _version_ | 1860798339182755840 |
|---|---|
| building | INTELEK Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| collectionurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 |
| copyright | Copyright©PWB2025 |
| country | Malaysia |
| date | 2024-10-22 |
| format | General Document |
| id | 17340 |
| institution | UniSZA |
| originalfilename | FORAGING ACTIVITY AND PALYNOLOGICAL ANAYLYSIS ON THE POLLEN COLLECTIONS OF THE STINGLESS BEES, Heterotrigona itama (HYMENOPTERA APIDAE) AT THE COASTAL FOREST, TERENGGANU (PHD_2.pdf |
| person | Roziah Ghazi |
| recordtype | oai_dc |
| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=17340 |
| sourcemedia | Server storage Scanned document |
| spelling | 17340 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=17340 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 General Document Malaysia Library Staff (Top Management) Library Staff (Management) Library Staff (Support) Terengganu Faculty of Bio-resources & Food Industry English application/pdf 1.7 Microsoft® Word 2019 Server storage Scanned document Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UniSZA Private Access Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin 141 Copyright©PWB2025 Heterotrigona itama Stingless bees Dissertations, Academic 2024-10-22 Roziah Ghazi Foraging activity Palynology Pollen analysis Coastal forest Terengganu Honey production Floral resources Pollen load Meliponini Bees—Behavior Foraging—Environmental aspects Pollen—Analysis Coastal ecology—Malaysia—Terengganu Apiculture—Malaysia Hymenoptera—Behavior Plant-pollinator relationships 2024_Foraging Activity And Palynological Anaylysis On The Pollen Collections Of The Stingless Bees, Heterotrigona Itama (Hymenoptera: Apidae) At The Coastal Forest, Terengganu Stingless bees Heterotrigona itama (Apidae, Meliponini) is one of the few social bee species naturally occurring in the coastal forest of Terengganu. Even though the study on botanical source of honey and beebread in Malaysia are well reported, pollen load and flower constancy of stingless bee are varied based on locations and it is influenced by the bees’ foraging activities. Thus, palynology investigation is important to explore the floral constancy and foraging behavior of H. itama especially in the coastal forest where the information is scarce. The objectives of this study were investigated the foraging activities, annual honey production, environmental influences, and pollen collection of H. itama in the coastal forest of Terengganu. Six colonies of H. itama were selected for the samplings of foraging activity observation, and pollen grains, in the Taman Rimba Ilmu Tanah Beris (TRIBE) Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin. The foraging activities which include outgoing foragers, incoming foragers with pollen load, and incoming foragers without pollen load were observed throughout the sampling period from 0800 to 1800 hours by video monitoring. The production of honey was collected and measured every month. The information on environmental parameters was purchased from the Terengganu Meteorological Department. Pollen grains were collected from the pollen basket of H. itama foragers. There was a significant difference of average outgoing foragers, incoming foragers with pollen load, and incoming foragers without pollen load to the hive by the time of foraging activity (F10,110 = 133.2, P<0.05). The most active time for the outgoing and incoming foragers was early in the morning between 0800 to 1000 hour, and the numbers declined after 1200–1400 hour. H. itama avoided going out from their time when the temperature was the highest (34.7ºC). There was significant difference of the total volume of honey each month (F5,36 = 2.48, P<0.05). The highest production of honey (3.6 kg) was collected in April due to the flowering season of gelam. A total of 1283 pollen has been identified during the sampling period. Overall, there were 43 plant species belonging to 20 families of plants visited by H. itama throughout direct observation and palynological analysis. However, only 20 plant species from 20 families were successfully identified. Fabaceae (Acacia spp.) and Lamiaceae (Orthosiphon aristatus) were the most abundant family recorded collected by H. itama followed by Passifloraceae (Passiflora edulis) and Asteraceae (Bidens pilosa and Cosmos caudatus). Other types of pollen grains were considered as accessory, isolated, or occasional pollen grains. Higher pollen types were collected in May 2016 as it was the flowering season of most plant species in the research location. This study provides important information on stingless bees according most active time for foraging activities of the stingless bees as well as favoured stingless bee plant species, pollen preferences of stingless bees which are influenced by flowering season and the honey production in the UniSZA TRIBE. The results of this study may give useful information to the sustainable pollination development of apiculture industry in Malaysia especially for future use of crop pollination for honey production. uuid:C32812ED-9FD7-4B71-ACF5-436D4F581757 FORAGING ACTIVITY AND PALYNOLOGICAL ANAYLYSIS ON THE POLLEN COLLECTIONS OF THE STINGLESS BEES, Heterotrigona itama (HYMENOPTERA APIDAE) AT THE COASTAL FOREST, TERENGGANU (PHD_2.pdf Thesis |
| spellingShingle | 2024_Foraging Activity And Palynological Anaylysis On The Pollen Collections Of The Stingless Bees, Heterotrigona Itama (Hymenoptera: Apidae) At The Coastal Forest, Terengganu |
| state | Terengganu |
| subject | Dissertations, Academic Bees—Behavior Foraging—Environmental aspects Pollen—Analysis Coastal ecology—Malaysia—Terengganu Apiculture—Malaysia Hymenoptera—Behavior Plant-pollinator relationships |
| summary | Stingless bees Heterotrigona itama (Apidae, Meliponini) is one of the few social bee species naturally occurring in the coastal forest of Terengganu. Even though the study on botanical source of honey and beebread in Malaysia are well reported, pollen load and flower constancy of stingless bee are varied based on locations and it is influenced by the bees’ foraging activities. Thus, palynology investigation is important to explore the floral constancy and foraging behavior of H. itama especially in the coastal forest where the information is scarce. The objectives of this study were investigated the foraging activities, annual honey production, environmental influences, and pollen collection of H. itama in the coastal forest of Terengganu. Six colonies of H. itama were selected for the samplings of foraging activity observation, and pollen grains, in the Taman Rimba Ilmu Tanah Beris (TRIBE) Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin. The foraging activities which include outgoing foragers, incoming foragers with pollen load, and incoming foragers without pollen load were observed throughout the sampling period from 0800 to 1800 hours by video monitoring. The production of honey was collected and measured every month. The information on environmental parameters was purchased from the Terengganu Meteorological Department. Pollen grains were collected from the pollen basket of H. itama foragers. There was a significant difference of average outgoing foragers, incoming foragers with pollen load, and incoming foragers without pollen load to the hive by the time of foraging activity (F10,110 = 133.2, P<0.05). The most active time for the outgoing and incoming foragers was early in the morning between 0800 to 1000 hour, and the numbers declined after 1200–1400 hour. H. itama avoided going out from their time when the temperature was the highest (34.7ºC). There was significant difference of the total volume of honey each month (F5,36 = 2.48, P<0.05). The highest production of honey (3.6 kg) was collected in April due to the flowering season of gelam. A total of 1283 pollen has been identified during the sampling period. Overall, there were 43 plant species belonging to 20 families of plants visited by H. itama throughout direct observation and palynological analysis. However, only 20 plant species from 20 families were successfully identified. Fabaceae (Acacia spp.) and Lamiaceae (Orthosiphon aristatus) were the most abundant family recorded collected by H. itama followed by Passifloraceae (Passiflora edulis) and Asteraceae (Bidens pilosa and Cosmos caudatus). Other types of pollen grains were considered as accessory, isolated, or occasional pollen grains. Higher pollen types were collected in May 2016 as it was the flowering season of most plant species in the research location. This study provides important information on stingless bees according most active time for foraging activities of the stingless bees as well as favoured stingless bee plant species, pollen preferences of stingless bees which are influenced by flowering season and the honey production in the UniSZA TRIBE. The results of this study may give useful information to the sustainable pollination development of apiculture industry in Malaysia especially for future use of crop pollination for honey production. |
| title | 2024_Foraging Activity And Palynological Anaylysis On The Pollen Collections Of The Stingless Bees, Heterotrigona Itama (Hymenoptera: Apidae) At The Coastal Forest, Terengganu |
| title_full | 2024_Foraging Activity And Palynological Anaylysis On The Pollen Collections Of The Stingless Bees, Heterotrigona Itama (Hymenoptera: Apidae) At The Coastal Forest, Terengganu |
| title_fullStr | 2024_Foraging Activity And Palynological Anaylysis On The Pollen Collections Of The Stingless Bees, Heterotrigona Itama (Hymenoptera: Apidae) At The Coastal Forest, Terengganu |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2024_Foraging Activity And Palynological Anaylysis On The Pollen Collections Of The Stingless Bees, Heterotrigona Itama (Hymenoptera: Apidae) At The Coastal Forest, Terengganu |
| title_short | 2024_Foraging Activity And Palynological Anaylysis On The Pollen Collections Of The Stingless Bees, Heterotrigona Itama (Hymenoptera: Apidae) At The Coastal Forest, Terengganu |
| title_sort | 2024_foraging activity and palynological anaylysis on the pollen collections of the stingless bees, heterotrigona itama (hymenoptera: apidae) at the coastal forest, terengganu |