2024_Characterization Of Baeckea Frutescens As Potential Antifungal For Fusarium Wilt Disease Of Melon Manis Terengganu
| Format: | General Document |
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| building | INTELEK Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| collectionurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 |
| copyright | Copyright©PWB2025 |
| country | Malaysia |
| date | 2025-01-13 |
| format | General Document |
| id | 17337 |
| institution | UniSZA |
| originalfilename | CHARACTERIZATION OF Baeckea frutescens AS POTENTIAL ANTIFUNGAL FOR FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE OF MELON MANIS TERENGGANU (PHD_2025).pdf |
| person | Nik Nurnaeimah Nik Muhammad Nasir |
| recordtype | oai_dc |
| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=17337 |
| sourcemedia | Server storage Scanned document |
| spelling | 17337 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=17337 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 General Document Malaysia Library Staff (Top Management) Library Staff (Management) Library Staff (Support) Terengganu Faculty of Bio-resources & Food Industry English application/pdf 1.7 Microsoft® Word for Microsoft 365 Server storage Scanned document Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UniSZA Private Access Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Copyright©PWB2025 240 Dissertations, Academic Medicinal Plants — Analysis Methanolic extract Gas chromatography–Mass spectrometry Biological control Nik Nurnaeimah Nik Muhammad Nasir Melon Manis Terengganu Cucumis melo var. inodorus Baeckea frutescens Fusarium wilt Fusarium sulawesiense Antifungal activity Phytochemicals GC-MS profiling Hexane fraction Plant disease management Pathogenicity test Koch’s postulates Phenolic content Cucumis melo — Diseases and pests Melons — Diseases and pests — Control Fusarium wilt — Control Fusarium — Pathogenicity Plant antifungal agents Phytochemicals — Analysis 2024_Characterization Of Baeckea Frutescens As Potential Antifungal For Fusarium Wilt Disease Of Melon Manis Terengganu 2025-01-13 Melon Manis Terengganu (Cucumis melo var. inodorus cv. Manis Terengganu 1) is an iconic fruit for the Terengganu state. However, this crop is prone to be attacked by fungal pathogens, including Fusarium wilt, which often causes significant loss. This research investigates the potential of B. frutescens as an antifungal treatment specifically for managing Fusarium wilt in Melon Manis Terengganu (MMT) and its effect on MMT performance. The B. frutescens was compared with its antifungal properties to other plants that grow natively in Besut Coastal Forest and were screened using agar disc diffusion and well-testing. Wilted plants and disease on vascular were collected in three planting seasons, and fungi were identified based on symptoms and distribution throughout the plant to identify the main disease in MMT. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by Koch’s postulate. The most pathogenic fungus was identified using molecular and microscopy techniques. Qualitative and quantitative methods and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling analysis were utilised to evaluate the phytochemical composition of B. frutescens methanolic extract and its fractions. In vitro studies were conducted to analyse the mechanism of action, including an analysis of fungus cell morphology and cell walls and the mechanism of antifungal effect of B. frutescens selected fraction. MMT was treated with B. frutescens extract using seed pre-treatment and plant treatment in a controlled and open environment. B. frutescens plant extract had been selected as the best antifungal potential among plant extracts tested. MMTF1 fungus was selected as the pathogenic fungus and molecularly identified as Fusarium sulawesiense. The results show that all crude fractions of B. frutescens consist of phenol, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid, glycoside, and tannin. The methanol fraction had the highest total phenolic (49.104 ± 0.045 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid content (75.634 ± 0.029 mg QE/g). GC-MS profiling showed that quinic acid has the most abundant total area in methanolic crude (11.49%), desapidinol in hexane fraction (12.66%), and 1,6-octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, formate was most abundant in dichloromethane fraction (10.35%). The findings revealed that the hexane fraction had the highest inhibition rate compared to the other fractions. Fungal cell morphology and cell walls showed some changes after being treated with the methanolic crude extract's fractions. Metabolite analysis indicated that the hexane fraction reduced some compound profiles compared to the untreated. Additionally, MMT seed pre-treatment studies demonstrated that the treatment's effectiveness was dose-dependent at various immersion times. In a controlled environment, plant treatment with a 1.25 mg/mL concentration increased plant height, number of leaves, flowers, and tendrils compared to the control by 56.67%, 66.57%, 111%, and 187.96%, respectively. In-field conditions, treatment (1 mg/mL) by injection near the root led to the highest plant growth, while the spraying method had the lowest disease incidence. The extract of B. frutescens was the best antifungal agent due to its phytochemicals, and the hexane fraction exhibited the highest inhibition rate against F. sulawesiense. B. frutescens extract has been shown to improve disease management and plant performance of Melon Manis Terengganu. uuid:832A19A2-1D83-466A-8AD9-80A1E8067BEC CHARACTERIZATION OF Baeckea frutescens AS POTENTIAL ANTIFUNGAL FOR FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE OF MELON MANIS TERENGGANU (PHD_2025).pdf Thesis |
| spellingShingle | 2024_Characterization Of Baeckea Frutescens As Potential Antifungal For Fusarium Wilt Disease Of Melon Manis Terengganu |
| state | Terengganu |
| subject | Dissertations, Academic Medicinal Plants — Analysis Gas chromatography–Mass spectrometry Cucumis melo — Diseases and pests Melons — Diseases and pests — Control Fusarium wilt — Control Fusarium — Pathogenicity Plant antifungal agents Phytochemicals — Analysis |
| summary | Melon Manis Terengganu (Cucumis melo var. inodorus cv. Manis Terengganu 1) is an iconic fruit for the Terengganu state. However, this crop is prone to be attacked by fungal pathogens, including Fusarium wilt, which often causes significant loss. This research investigates the potential of B. frutescens as an antifungal treatment specifically for managing Fusarium wilt in Melon Manis Terengganu (MMT) and its effect on MMT performance. The B. frutescens was compared with its antifungal properties to other plants that grow natively in Besut Coastal Forest and were screened using agar disc diffusion and well-testing. Wilted plants and disease on vascular were collected in three planting seasons, and fungi were identified based on symptoms and distribution throughout the plant to identify the main disease in MMT. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by Koch’s postulate. The most pathogenic fungus was identified using molecular and microscopy techniques. Qualitative and quantitative methods and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling analysis were utilised to evaluate the phytochemical composition of B. frutescens methanolic extract and its fractions. In vitro studies were conducted to analyse the mechanism of action, including an analysis of fungus cell morphology and cell walls and the mechanism of antifungal effect of B. frutescens selected fraction. MMT was treated with B. frutescens extract using seed pre-treatment and plant treatment in a controlled and open environment. B. frutescens plant extract had been selected as the best antifungal potential among plant extracts tested. MMTF1 fungus was selected as the pathogenic fungus and molecularly identified as Fusarium sulawesiense. The results show that all crude fractions of B. frutescens consist of phenol, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid, glycoside, and tannin. The methanol fraction had the highest total phenolic (49.104 ± 0.045 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid content (75.634 ± 0.029 mg QE/g). GC-MS profiling showed that quinic acid has the most abundant total area in methanolic crude (11.49%), desapidinol in hexane fraction (12.66%), and 1,6-octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, formate was most abundant in dichloromethane fraction (10.35%). The findings revealed that the hexane fraction had the highest inhibition rate compared to the other fractions. Fungal cell morphology and cell walls showed some changes after being treated with the methanolic crude extract's fractions. Metabolite analysis indicated that the hexane fraction reduced some compound profiles compared to the untreated. Additionally, MMT seed pre-treatment studies demonstrated that the treatment's effectiveness was dose-dependent at various immersion times. In a controlled environment, plant treatment with a 1.25 mg/mL concentration increased plant height, number of leaves, flowers, and tendrils compared to the control by 56.67%, 66.57%, 111%, and 187.96%, respectively. In-field conditions, treatment (1 mg/mL) by injection near the root led to the highest plant growth, while the spraying method had the lowest disease incidence. The extract of B. frutescens was the best antifungal agent due to its phytochemicals, and the hexane fraction exhibited the highest inhibition rate against F. sulawesiense. B. frutescens extract has been shown to improve disease management and plant performance of Melon Manis Terengganu. |
| title | 2024_Characterization Of Baeckea Frutescens As Potential Antifungal For Fusarium Wilt Disease Of Melon Manis Terengganu |
| title_full | 2024_Characterization Of Baeckea Frutescens As Potential Antifungal For Fusarium Wilt Disease Of Melon Manis Terengganu |
| title_fullStr | 2024_Characterization Of Baeckea Frutescens As Potential Antifungal For Fusarium Wilt Disease Of Melon Manis Terengganu |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2024_Characterization Of Baeckea Frutescens As Potential Antifungal For Fusarium Wilt Disease Of Melon Manis Terengganu |
| title_short | 2024_Characterization Of Baeckea Frutescens As Potential Antifungal For Fusarium Wilt Disease Of Melon Manis Terengganu |
| title_sort | 2024_characterization of baeckea frutescens as potential antifungal for fusarium wilt disease of melon manis terengganu |