2024_Nanofiltration of Polyether Sulfone/polyethylene Glycol Integrated with Non-ionic Surfactants for Dyes removal
| Format: | General Document |
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| collectionurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 |
| copyright | Copyright©PWB2025 |
| country | Malaysia |
| date | 2024-09-09 |
| format | General Document |
| id | 17170 |
| institution | UniSZA |
| originalfilename | 17170_377219e613e7c45.pdf |
| person | Mohd Badrulhaswan Besar |
| recordtype | oai_dc |
| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=17170 |
| sourcemedia | Server storage Scanned document |
| spelling | 17170 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=17170 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 General Document Malaysia Library Staff (Top Management) Library Staff (Management) Library Staff (Support) Terengganu English UniSZA East Coast Environmental Research Institute application/pdf 1.5 Microsoft® Word 2016 Server storage Scanned document Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UniSZA Private Access Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Copyright©PWB2025 Surfactants 233 Water purification—Membrane filtration Dissertations, Academic 2024-09-09 Mohd Badrulhaswan Besar Nanofiltration Polyethersulfone (PES) Polyethylene glycol (PEG) Membrane morphology Hydrophilicity Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Nanofiltration Membranes, Synthetic Polyethersulfone Chromatography—Analysis Phase-inversion polymers Wastewater—Purification—Membrane filtration 2024_Nanofiltration of Polyether Sulfone/polyethylene Glycol Integrated with Non-ionic Surfactants for Dyes removal Nanofiltration relies on a delicate balance between selectivity and permeability. Unfortunately, these properties often exhibit a trade-off: highly selective membranes often have lower permeability, and vice versa. To overcome this challenge, researchers are exploring surfactant integration into nanofiltration membranes. Surfactants, with amphiphilic nature, offer a strategy to modify membrane surface chemistry and morphology. Numerous studies have discovered the effects of surfactants as solutions for membrane performance and morphological improvement. However, the addition of non-ionic surfactant (NIS) for nanofiltration membranes was lacking in study. Thereby, investigation of specific influences of NIS on Polyethersulfone (PES) polymer is important since trends, changes, and numerical results, which are necessary for performance comparison, are not identical. Additionally, main characteristics of pores, key properties, and surface charge were also examined to conduct a comprehensive and accurate comparison of their respective properties. A PES membrane (17 wt%) was used as base due to its compatibility. 5 wt% Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) was statistically significant as optimal for the NIS membrane development. The impact of adding NIS in the range of 1–5 wt% to the dope solution containing PES, PEG, and N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) was examined. Based on the dry/wet phase inversion process, thin, smooth, and even membranes were fabricated. To study the effect of NIS, three types were chosen: TX100, TW20, and P127. The integration of NIS within the membrane was successful and confirmed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The influence of NIS on membrane characteristics in terms of morphology and hydrophilicity was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and water contact angle analysis, respectively. Addition of 3 wt% of NIS led to the formation of larger macrovoids due to low surface tension via SEM analysis. Water contact angle analysis showed the angle decreased by the addition of NIS from 75.1° to 62.1°. The pure water permeability increased up to 62.73 L/m²h attributed to hydrophilicity and morphology effect. Moreover, NIS with higher Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) value (P127 > TW20 > TX100) produced high permeability membrane. The addition of NIS produced higher fluxes and salt rejection of about 39.27 L/m²h and 76.49%, respectively. Next, the membrane parameters and properties (rp, ∆x/Ak, ζ) were analysed using Solute Transport, Spiegler-Kedem, Steric Hindrance Pore and Teorell-Meyer-Sievers models. The modelling data revealed that membrane key properties (rp, ∆x/Ak, ζ) evolved from 0.30 to 0.40 nm, 44.42 to 69.65 µm, and -1.77 to -1.06, showing comparable performance to commercial membranes. The ANOVA models accurately predicted both rejection and volume flux, with deviations between predicted and experimental values as low as 3.39% and 0.56%, respectively. The Response Surface Method (RSM) through Central Composite Design (CCD) analysis pinpointed optimal synthesis conditions for maximising both rejection and flux. The PES₁₇PEG₅TX membrane (containing 5 wt% TX100) achieved a rejection of 74.04% and flux of 23.14 L/m²h for 20 ppm Methyl Blue, with the model's prediction of best dye performance among other tested dyes. This study explores the potential of NIS for nanofiltration membranes and establishes a novel platform for investigating diverse NIS materials in nanofiltration development. uuid:9dde574d-105e-403d-b38f-740dd80b7eea 17170_377219e613e7c45.pdf Non-ionic Surfactants (NIS) Membrane Permeability Phase Inversion Dye Removal Thesis |
| spellingShingle | 2024_Nanofiltration of Polyether Sulfone/polyethylene Glycol Integrated with Non-ionic Surfactants for Dyes removal |
| state | Terengganu |
| subject | Surfactants Water purification—Membrane filtration Dissertations, Academic Nanofiltration Membranes, Synthetic Polyethersulfone Chromatography—Analysis Phase-inversion polymers Wastewater—Purification—Membrane filtration |
| summary | Nanofiltration relies on a delicate balance between selectivity and permeability. Unfortunately, these properties often exhibit a trade-off: highly selective membranes often have lower permeability, and vice versa. To overcome this challenge, researchers are exploring surfactant integration into nanofiltration membranes. Surfactants, with amphiphilic nature, offer a strategy to modify membrane surface chemistry and morphology. Numerous studies have discovered the effects of surfactants as solutions for membrane performance and morphological improvement. However, the addition of non-ionic surfactant (NIS) for nanofiltration membranes was lacking in study. Thereby, investigation of specific influences of NIS on Polyethersulfone (PES) polymer is important since trends, changes, and numerical results, which are necessary for performance comparison, are not identical. Additionally, main characteristics of pores, key properties, and surface charge were also examined to conduct a comprehensive and accurate comparison of their respective properties. A PES membrane (17 wt%) was used as base due to its compatibility. 5 wt% Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) was statistically significant as optimal for the NIS membrane development. The impact of adding NIS in the range of 1–5 wt% to the dope solution containing PES, PEG, and N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) was examined. Based on the dry/wet phase inversion process, thin, smooth, and even membranes were fabricated. To study the effect of NIS, three types were chosen: TX100, TW20, and P127. The integration of NIS within the membrane was successful and confirmed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The influence of NIS on membrane characteristics in terms of morphology and hydrophilicity was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and water contact angle analysis, respectively. Addition of 3 wt% of NIS led to the formation of larger macrovoids due to low surface tension via SEM analysis. Water contact angle analysis showed the angle decreased by the addition of NIS from 75.1° to 62.1°. The pure water permeability increased up to 62.73 L/m²h attributed to hydrophilicity and morphology effect. Moreover, NIS with higher Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) value (P127 > TW20 > TX100) produced high permeability membrane. The addition of NIS produced higher fluxes and salt rejection of about 39.27 L/m²h and 76.49%, respectively. Next, the membrane parameters and properties (rp, ∆x/Ak, ζ) were analysed using Solute Transport, Spiegler-Kedem, Steric Hindrance Pore and Teorell-Meyer-Sievers models. The modelling data revealed that membrane key properties (rp, ∆x/Ak, ζ) evolved from 0.30 to 0.40 nm, 44.42 to 69.65 µm, and -1.77 to -1.06, showing comparable performance to commercial membranes. The ANOVA models accurately predicted both rejection and volume flux, with deviations between predicted and experimental values as low as 3.39% and 0.56%, respectively. The Response Surface Method (RSM) through Central Composite Design (CCD) analysis pinpointed optimal synthesis conditions for maximising both rejection and flux. The PES₁₇PEG₅TX membrane (containing 5 wt% TX100) achieved a rejection of 74.04% and flux of 23.14 L/m²h for 20 ppm Methyl Blue, with the model's prediction of best dye performance among other tested dyes. This study explores the potential of NIS for nanofiltration membranes and establishes a novel platform for investigating diverse NIS materials in nanofiltration development. |
| title | 2024_Nanofiltration of Polyether Sulfone/polyethylene Glycol Integrated with Non-ionic Surfactants for Dyes removal |
| title_full | 2024_Nanofiltration of Polyether Sulfone/polyethylene Glycol Integrated with Non-ionic Surfactants for Dyes removal |
| title_fullStr | 2024_Nanofiltration of Polyether Sulfone/polyethylene Glycol Integrated with Non-ionic Surfactants for Dyes removal |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2024_Nanofiltration of Polyether Sulfone/polyethylene Glycol Integrated with Non-ionic Surfactants for Dyes removal |
| title_short | 2024_Nanofiltration of Polyether Sulfone/polyethylene Glycol Integrated with Non-ionic Surfactants for Dyes removal |
| title_sort | 2024_nanofiltration of polyether sulfone/polyethylene glycol integrated with non-ionic surfactants for dyes removal |