2024_Discrimination Of Metabolites Corresponding To Antioxidant Activity In Different Extracts Of Erechtites Hieraciifolius And Erechtites Valerianifolius Leaves Using Chemometric Approach
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| date | 2024-12-03 14:20 |
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| person | Nur Qurratu Natasha Aziz |
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| spelling | 16815 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=16815 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 General Document Malaysia Library Staff (Top Management) Library Staff (Management) Library Staff (Support) Terengganu Faculty of Bio-resources & Food Industry English application/pdf 1.7 183 Microsoft® Word 2019 Server storage Scanned document Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UniSZA Private Access Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Copyright©PWB2025 Dissertations, Academic Erechtites hieracifolius and E. valerianifolius leaves are traditionally consumed as ‘ulam’ by local people. Despite the regular consumption as edible vegetable, these plants are still considered as weeds, not commercially cultivated and a few reported scientific research have been done. Thus, this current study aims to determine the antioxidant activity and metabolite profiles, as well as to discriminate the metabolites correspond to the antioxidant activity of different extracts of E. hieraciifolius and E. valerianifolius leaves using multivariate chemometric approach. The leaves of each species (n = 6) were extracted with different extractant solvents to yield 100% ethanol (E), 100% water (A) and ethanol:aqueous (8:2) (EA) extracts. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was tested using four assays; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), nitric oxide (NO) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were carried out to investigate the chemical characteristics.The Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) model was used to determine the metabolites responsible for the variation between samples, while Partial Least Square (PLS) model was used to reveal the metabolites correspond to the antioxidant activity. The results of this study revealed that ethanol:aqueous extract of E. valerianifolius (EVEA) demonstrated the strongest DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging, as well as NO inhibition, with respective IC₅₀ values of 26.32 μg/mL, 20.42 μg/mL and 712.24 μg/mL. EVEA also has the highest FRAP (18.56 mmol Fe²⁺/g), TPC (61.35 μg/mL) and TFC (37.78 μg/mL), as compared to other extracts.PLS-DA model of FTIR spectra having Q² = 0.858, R²X = 0.962 and R²Y = 0.998 showed that the model has high capability to explain the variation among the samples. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis had identified a total of 67 metabolites. PLS-DA model of GC-MS data (Q² = 0.557, R²X = 0.986 and R²Y = 0.653) showed three separate clusters, in which 26 phytochemicals were characterised to be responsible for the discrimination.Meanwhile, the PLS model (Q² = 0.500, R²X = 0.897 and R²Y = 0.547) exhibited the EVEA separation from other extracts and revealed its strongest correlation with antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, NO, FRAP), TPC and TFC. Based on the Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) score extracted from PLS model, 26 metabolites were identified to be the important indicators for the extract antioxidant activity (VIP value > 1.0). The five main metabolites with highest VIP score were chlorogenic acid, D-(+)-trehalose, eicosapentaenoic acid, D-mannose and azelaic acid. This current study showed that ethanol:aqueous was the best extraction solvent to retain antioxidants from Erechtites species, especially E. valerianifolius. Besides, among 26 metabolites, five main biomarkers that corresponded to the extracts’ antioxidant capacity were identified. Therefore, this study had provided important scientific insight on wild Erechtites species and could encourage the conservation of these plants for future scientific study involving ethnomedicinal and functional foods. 2024-12-03 14:20 uuid:B33B9369-6C53-4753-9F24-EF916EC2BF8C 16815_4ecbdfaf9e82921.pdf Antioxidant Activity Plant Extracts 2024_Discrimination Of Metabolites Corresponding To Antioxidant Activity In Different Extracts Of Erechtites Hieraciifolius And Erechtites Valerianifolius Leaves Using Chemometric Approach Nur Qurratu Natasha Aziz Erechtites Hieraciifolius Erechtites Valerianifolius Plant Metabolites Chemometric Analysis Phytochemistry Secondary Metabolites Medicinal Plants — Analysis Antioxidants — Therapeutic Use Plant Extracts — Chemical Composition Metabolites — Identification Leaves — Chemical Composition Thesis |
| spellingShingle | 2024_Discrimination Of Metabolites Corresponding To Antioxidant Activity In Different Extracts Of Erechtites Hieraciifolius And Erechtites Valerianifolius Leaves Using Chemometric Approach |
| state | Terengganu |
| subject | Dissertations, Academic Medicinal Plants — Analysis Antioxidants — Therapeutic Use Plant Extracts — Chemical Composition Metabolites — Identification Leaves — Chemical Composition |
| summary | Erechtites hieracifolius and E. valerianifolius leaves are traditionally consumed as ‘ulam’ by local people. Despite the regular consumption as edible vegetable, these plants are still considered as weeds, not commercially cultivated and a few reported scientific research have been done. Thus, this current study aims to determine the antioxidant activity and metabolite profiles, as well as to discriminate the metabolites correspond to the antioxidant activity of different extracts of E. hieraciifolius and E. valerianifolius leaves using multivariate chemometric approach. The leaves of each species (n = 6) were extracted with different extractant solvents to yield 100% ethanol (E), 100% water (A) and ethanol:aqueous (8:2) (EA) extracts. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was tested using four assays; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), nitric oxide (NO) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were carried out to investigate the chemical characteristics.The Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) model was used to determine the metabolites responsible for the variation between samples, while Partial Least Square (PLS) model was used to reveal the metabolites correspond to the antioxidant activity. The results of this study revealed that ethanol:aqueous extract of E. valerianifolius (EVEA) demonstrated the strongest DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging, as well as NO inhibition, with respective IC₅₀ values of 26.32 μg/mL, 20.42 μg/mL and 712.24 μg/mL. EVEA also has the highest FRAP (18.56 mmol Fe²⁺/g), TPC (61.35 μg/mL) and TFC (37.78 μg/mL), as compared to other extracts.PLS-DA model of FTIR spectra having Q² = 0.858, R²X = 0.962 and R²Y = 0.998 showed that the model has high capability to explain the variation among the samples. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis had identified a total of 67 metabolites. PLS-DA model of GC-MS data (Q² = 0.557, R²X = 0.986 and R²Y = 0.653) showed three separate clusters, in which 26 phytochemicals were characterised to be responsible for the discrimination.Meanwhile, the PLS model (Q² = 0.500, R²X = 0.897 and R²Y = 0.547) exhibited the EVEA separation from other extracts and revealed its strongest correlation with antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, NO, FRAP), TPC and TFC. Based on the Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) score extracted from PLS model, 26 metabolites were identified to be the important indicators for the extract antioxidant activity (VIP value > 1.0). The five main metabolites with highest VIP score were chlorogenic acid, D-(+)-trehalose, eicosapentaenoic acid, D-mannose and azelaic acid. This current study showed that ethanol:aqueous was the best extraction solvent to retain antioxidants from Erechtites species, especially E. valerianifolius. Besides, among 26 metabolites, five main biomarkers that corresponded to the extracts’ antioxidant capacity were identified. Therefore, this study had provided important scientific insight on wild Erechtites species and could encourage the conservation of these plants for future scientific study involving ethnomedicinal and functional foods. |
| title | 2024_Discrimination Of Metabolites Corresponding To Antioxidant Activity In Different Extracts Of Erechtites Hieraciifolius And Erechtites Valerianifolius Leaves Using Chemometric Approach |
| title_full | 2024_Discrimination Of Metabolites Corresponding To Antioxidant Activity In Different Extracts Of Erechtites Hieraciifolius And Erechtites Valerianifolius Leaves Using Chemometric Approach |
| title_fullStr | 2024_Discrimination Of Metabolites Corresponding To Antioxidant Activity In Different Extracts Of Erechtites Hieraciifolius And Erechtites Valerianifolius Leaves Using Chemometric Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2024_Discrimination Of Metabolites Corresponding To Antioxidant Activity In Different Extracts Of Erechtites Hieraciifolius And Erechtites Valerianifolius Leaves Using Chemometric Approach |
| title_short | 2024_Discrimination Of Metabolites Corresponding To Antioxidant Activity In Different Extracts Of Erechtites Hieraciifolius And Erechtites Valerianifolius Leaves Using Chemometric Approach |
| title_sort | 2024_discrimination of metabolites corresponding to antioxidant activity in different extracts of erechtites hieraciifolius and erechtites valerianifolius leaves using chemometric approach |