2021_The Regulatory Framework for Open and Distance Learning (ODL) Institutions in Malaysia: Finding an Appropriate Corporate Governance Model
| Format: | General Document |
|---|
| _version_ | 1860798185276964864 |
|---|---|
| building | INTELEK Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| collectionurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 |
| copyright | Copyright©PWB2025 |
| country | Malaysia |
| date | 2021-09-01 |
| format | General Document |
| id | 16332 |
| institution | UniSZA |
| originalfilename | THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) INSTITUTIONS IN MALAYSIA_ FINDING AN APPROPRIATE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MODEL (PHD_2021).pdf |
| person | Tuan Fatma binti Tuan Sulaiman |
| recordtype | oai_dc |
| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=16332 |
| sourcemedia | Server storage Scanned document |
| spelling | 16332 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=16332 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 General Document Malaysia Library Staff (Top Management) Library Staff (Management) Library Staff (Support) Terengganu Faculty of Law & International Relations English application/pdf 1.5 Server storage Scanned document Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UniSZA Private Access Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin SAMBox 2.3.4; modified using iTextSharp™ 5.5.10 ©2000-2016 iText Group NV (AGPL-version) 313 Copyright©PWB2025 Corporate governance Distance education Framework Regulatory 2021-09-01 THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL) INSTITUTIONS IN MALAYSIA_ FINDING AN APPROPRIATE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MODEL (PHD_2021).pdf Tuan Fatma binti Tuan Sulaiman Corporate Educational Law and Legislation 2021_The Regulatory Framework for Open and Distance Learning (ODL) Institutions in Malaysia: Finding an Appropriate Corporate Governance Model Distance education is known as an independent mode and complimentary delivery strategy to the provision of the formal educational system. It has become a viable education and training tool in different levels of learning especially formal higher learning institutions. However, at the national level, distance education practices remain uncoordinated because no concrete step has been taken to develop a policy on open and distance learning (ODL). Therefore, there is a need for coordination and monitoring of distance education practices at the national level to minimise the barriers to the effective use of ODL mode. In other Asian countries, all main ODL institutions such as the Allama Iqbal Open University (Pakistan), Open University of China (China), Indira Gandhi National Open University (India), Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University (Thailand), Universitas Terbuka (Indonesia) and Korea National Open University (Korea) are public owned universities. However, in Malaysia, all ODL institutions are run by private companies. Being a commercial entity which provides education to the public, it is important for ODL institutions in Malaysia to have a strong corporate governance structure which entails them to achieve their dual mission, i.e., providing education to the public and at the same time making a profit for the sustainability of the business. Thus, this research aims to analyse the regulatory framework of ODL institutions and propose a suitable corporate governance model for the ODL institutions in Malaysia. This research adopted the doctrinal research to evaluate the legal theories of corporate governance to develop a corporate governance model for ODL institutions. For data collection, this research used library research comprising of primary and secondary sources. Primary sources included statutes, codes and case law while secondary sources included books, journals, reports, conference papers and other periodicals. All the above sources were analysed using a content analysis approach based on historical, philosophical and special reference perspectives. This study found that ODL institutions are subjected to the same regulatory framework as other private higher learning institutions in Malaysia. The study also found that since all ODL institutions in Malaysia must be registered as private companies, corporate governance rules are one of the most important regulatory frameworks for ODL institutions. However, due to the uniqueness of the ODL institutions which is different from commercial companies, the applied corporate governance model for commercial companies is found to be not suitable for ODL institutions. This research identified that few theories of corporate governance could be applied to justify a specific corporate governance model as the ODL institutions regulatory framework. It is found that the multi-theoretical approach is the most suitable corporate governance theories to justify the shared corporate governance model for ODL institutions in Malaysia. These conclusions are derived due to the composition of stakeholders, corporate structure and the role of the board of directors in the ODL institutions which could be regulated via the proposed shared corporate governance model. Dissertations, Academic Thesis |
| spellingShingle | 2021_The Regulatory Framework for Open and Distance Learning (ODL) Institutions in Malaysia: Finding an Appropriate Corporate Governance Model |
| state | Terengganu |
| subject | Corporate governance Distance education Educational Law and Legislation Dissertations, Academic |
| summary | Distance education is known as an independent mode and complimentary delivery strategy to the provision of the formal educational system. It has become a viable education and training tool in different levels of learning especially formal higher learning institutions. However, at the national level, distance education practices remain uncoordinated because no concrete step has been taken to develop a policy on open and distance learning (ODL). Therefore, there is a need for coordination and monitoring of distance education practices at the national level to minimise the barriers to the effective use of ODL mode. In other Asian countries, all main ODL institutions such as the Allama Iqbal Open University (Pakistan), Open University of China (China), Indira Gandhi National Open University (India), Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University (Thailand), Universitas Terbuka (Indonesia) and Korea National Open University (Korea) are public owned universities. However, in Malaysia, all ODL institutions are run by private companies. Being a commercial entity which provides education to the public, it is important for ODL institutions in Malaysia to have a strong corporate governance structure which entails them to achieve their dual mission, i.e., providing education to the public and at the same time making a profit for the sustainability of the business. Thus, this research aims to analyse the regulatory framework of ODL institutions and propose a suitable corporate governance model for the ODL institutions in Malaysia. This research adopted the doctrinal research to evaluate the legal theories of corporate governance to develop a corporate governance model for ODL institutions. For data collection, this research used library research comprising of primary and secondary sources. Primary sources included statutes, codes and case law while secondary sources included books, journals, reports, conference papers and other periodicals. All the above sources were analysed using a content analysis approach based on historical, philosophical and special reference perspectives. This study found that ODL institutions are subjected to the same regulatory framework as other private higher learning institutions in Malaysia. The study also found that since all ODL institutions in Malaysia must be registered as private companies, corporate governance rules are one of the most important regulatory frameworks for ODL institutions. However, due to the uniqueness of the ODL institutions which is different from commercial companies, the applied corporate governance model for commercial companies is found to be not suitable for ODL institutions. This research identified that few theories of corporate governance could be applied to justify a specific corporate governance model as the ODL institutions regulatory framework. It is found that the multi-theoretical approach is the most suitable corporate governance theories to justify the shared corporate governance model for ODL institutions in Malaysia. These conclusions are derived due to the composition of stakeholders, corporate structure and the role of the board of directors in the ODL institutions which could be regulated via the proposed shared corporate governance model. |
| title | 2021_The Regulatory Framework for Open and Distance Learning (ODL) Institutions in Malaysia: Finding an Appropriate Corporate Governance Model |
| title_full | 2021_The Regulatory Framework for Open and Distance Learning (ODL) Institutions in Malaysia: Finding an Appropriate Corporate Governance Model |
| title_fullStr | 2021_The Regulatory Framework for Open and Distance Learning (ODL) Institutions in Malaysia: Finding an Appropriate Corporate Governance Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2021_The Regulatory Framework for Open and Distance Learning (ODL) Institutions in Malaysia: Finding an Appropriate Corporate Governance Model |
| title_short | 2021_The Regulatory Framework for Open and Distance Learning (ODL) Institutions in Malaysia: Finding an Appropriate Corporate Governance Model |
| title_sort | 2021_the regulatory framework for open and distance learning (odl) institutions in malaysia: finding an appropriate corporate governance model |