2021_The Use of Warning Intonation Strategies Between the Native and Non-Native Teachers of English at Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| Format: | General Document |
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| collectionurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 |
| copyright | Copyright©PWB2025 |
| country | Malaysia |
| date | 2021-09-12 |
| format | General Document |
| id | 16051 |
| institution | UniSZA |
| originalfilename | THE USE OF WARNING INTONATION STRATEGIES BETWEEN THE NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE TEACHERS OF ENGLISH AT UMM AL-QURA UNIVERSITY, SAUDI ARABIA (PHD_2021).pdf |
| person | Khalid Ahmad Alsmadi |
| recordtype | oai_dc |
| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=16051 |
| sourcemedia | Server storage Scanned document |
| spelling | 16051 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=16051 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 General Document Malaysia Library Staff (Top Management) Library Staff (Management) Library Staff (Support) Terengganu Faculty of Languages & Communication English application/pdf 1.5 Server storage Scanned document Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UniSZA Private Access UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN SAMBox 2.3.4; modified using iTextSharp™ 5.5.10 ©2000-2016 iText Group NV (AGPL-version) 422 Copyright©PWB2025 THE USE OF WARNING INTONATION STRATEGIES BETWEEN THE NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE TEACHERS OF ENGLISH AT UMM AL-QURA UNIVERSITY, SAUDI ARABIA (PHD_2021).pdf 2021_The Use of Warning Intonation Strategies Between the Native and Non-Native Teachers of English at Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia Khalid Ahmad Alsmadi 2021-09-12 English language—Phonetics and phonology—Saudi Arabia Intonation strategies in teacher speech Warning intonation in English teaching Prosodic variation in native vs. non-native teachers Warning intonation has been identified as influential intonation, in which the addresser may exercise power, rights, or influence over the addressee. It is often employed by university English teachers in Saudi Arabia in English language classrooms. However, there are great differences in using warning intonation between native and non-native English language teachers, mainly because of the gap in English language competence. This affects the teaching and learning of the English language on the learners because incorrect use of warning intonation in English may hinder students’ complete understanding of the meanings and contexts of texts. Research on the use of warning intonation between native and non-native English language teachers is very little in Saudi Arabia. Hence, this study aims at investigating the intonation patterns used in performing warning speech acts by international native and non-native English language teachers at Umm Al-Qura University in Saudi Arabia. The study was designed as an exploratory case study, in which eight native and eight non-native speakers of English who participated in the study were selected using purposive sampling. The native group comprised 4 males and 4 females, and the same numbers were recruited from their non-native counterparts. PRAAT (speech analysis and synthesis) and Tones and Break Indices (ToBI) were used to analyze the warning pitch contours. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 25.0 was also used in the statistical analysis to answer the related research questions. The findings showed that the warning speech act could be carried out using eight strategies, which are alerting, threatening, suggesting, advising, disallowance, encouraging, requesting, and showing surprise. These strategies accompanied different syntactic structures like the first conditional, imperative, declarative, negative, yes/no questions, and queclaratives (statements that function as questions). Moreover, the study revealed that the high-fall, low-fall, high-rise, and low-rise are the only contour endings used to perform a warning speech act. Female speakers were indicated to have a higher pitch level than their male counterparts, and more interestingly, a lot of them start their utterances with a higher pitch level demarcated in ToBI convention with %H (higher pitch at the start of contour). However, the non-native speakers’ patterns reflected a lot of hesitations, pauses, and prolongation, which had critical effects on the final output of the intonation performance. The study showed that there were no significant differences in duration values due to variables (type and gender). However, significant differences were found between male and female respondents in terms of intensity. Females produced more powerful intensity compared to their male counterparts. Likewise, significant differences in intensity were also available between native and non-native respondents. The analysis indicated that native speakers had more powerful intensity than their non native counterparts. Duration and intensity values do not have an impact on pitch occurrences. Pitch, instead, is the most important prosodic feature that can identify any patterns used in speech sequences. Furthermore, the study made clear that intonation plays an important role in native-like English language performance. Serious attention should be paid to improving the knowledge and performance of rising and falling intonation, especially among teachers and students, to master these prosodic features at higher learning institutions where English is used as a second or foreign language. Dissertations, Academic Thesis |
| spellingShingle | 2021_The Use of Warning Intonation Strategies Between the Native and Non-Native Teachers of English at Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia |
| state | Terengganu |
| subject | English language—Phonetics and phonology—Saudi Arabia Dissertations, Academic |
| summary | Warning intonation has been identified as influential intonation, in which the addresser may exercise power, rights, or influence over the addressee. It is often employed by university English teachers in Saudi Arabia in English language classrooms. However, there are great differences in using warning intonation between native and non-native English language teachers, mainly because of the gap in English language competence. This affects the teaching and learning of the English language on the learners because incorrect use of warning intonation in English may hinder students’ complete understanding of the meanings and contexts of texts. Research on the use of warning intonation between native and non-native English language teachers is very little in Saudi Arabia. Hence, this study aims at investigating the intonation patterns used in performing warning speech acts by international native and non-native English language teachers at Umm Al-Qura University in Saudi Arabia. The study was designed as an exploratory case study, in which eight native and eight non-native speakers of English who participated in the study were selected using purposive sampling. The native group comprised 4 males and 4 females, and the same numbers were recruited from their non-native counterparts. PRAAT (speech analysis and synthesis) and Tones and Break Indices (ToBI) were used to analyze the warning pitch contours. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 25.0 was also used in the statistical analysis to answer the related research questions. The findings showed that the warning speech act could be carried out using eight strategies, which are alerting, threatening, suggesting, advising, disallowance, encouraging, requesting, and showing surprise. These strategies accompanied different syntactic structures like the first conditional, imperative, declarative, negative, yes/no questions, and queclaratives (statements that function as questions). Moreover, the study revealed that the high-fall, low-fall, high-rise, and low-rise are the only contour endings used to perform a warning speech act. Female speakers were indicated to have a higher pitch level than their male counterparts, and more interestingly, a lot of them start their utterances with a higher pitch level demarcated in ToBI convention with %H (higher pitch at the start of contour). However, the non-native speakers’ patterns reflected a lot of hesitations, pauses, and prolongation, which had critical effects on the final output of the intonation performance. The study showed that there were no significant differences in duration values due to variables (type and gender). However, significant differences were found between male and female respondents in terms of intensity. Females produced more powerful intensity compared to their male counterparts. Likewise, significant differences in intensity were also available between native and non-native respondents. The analysis indicated that native speakers had more powerful intensity than their non native counterparts. Duration and intensity values do not have an impact on pitch occurrences. Pitch, instead, is the most important prosodic feature that can identify any patterns used in speech sequences. Furthermore, the study made clear that intonation plays an important role in native-like English language performance. Serious attention should be paid to improving the knowledge and performance of rising and falling intonation, especially among teachers and students, to master these prosodic features at higher learning institutions where English is used as a second or foreign language. |
| title | 2021_The Use of Warning Intonation Strategies Between the Native and Non-Native Teachers of English at Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia |
| title_full | 2021_The Use of Warning Intonation Strategies Between the Native and Non-Native Teachers of English at Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia |
| title_fullStr | 2021_The Use of Warning Intonation Strategies Between the Native and Non-Native Teachers of English at Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2021_The Use of Warning Intonation Strategies Between the Native and Non-Native Teachers of English at Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia |
| title_short | 2021_The Use of Warning Intonation Strategies Between the Native and Non-Native Teachers of English at Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia |
| title_sort | 2021_the use of warning intonation strategies between the native and non-native teachers of english at umm al-qura university, saudi arabia |