2023_Synthesis, Characterization and Computational Study of Catalytic Transesterification Using Calciumoxide For Biodiesel Production of Coconut Oil
| Format: | General Document |
|---|
| _version_ | 1860798051815260160 |
|---|---|
| building | INTELEK Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| collectionurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 |
| copyright | Copyright©PWB2025 |
| country | Malaysia |
| date | 2023-07-13 |
| format | General Document |
| id | 15646 |
| institution | UniSZA |
| internalnotes | Sila masukkan subject wajib Dissertations, Academic untuk semua tesis.. Terima kasih |
| originalfilename | 15646_044c1be3de97a85.pdf |
| person | Aisyah Fathiah Binti Ahmad |
| recordtype | oai_dc |
| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15646 |
| sourcemedia | Server storage Scanned document |
| spelling | 15646 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15646 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 General Document Malaysia Library Staff (Top Management) Library Staff (Management) Library Staff (Support) Terengganu Faculty of Bio-resources & Food Industry English application/pdf 1.5 Server storage Scanned document Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UniSZA Private Access UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN SAMBox 2.3.4; modified using iTextSharp™ 5.5.10 ©2000-2016 iText Group NV (AGPL-version) Copyright©PWB2025 2023-07-13 15646_044c1be3de97a85.pdf 182 Aisyah Fathiah Binti Ahmad 2023_Synthesis, Characterization and Computational Study of Catalytic Transesterification Using Calciumoxide For Biodiesel Production of Coconut Oil Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels that has received high attention nowadays as it can reduce fossil fuel energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils such as coconut oil. In Malaysia, about 78 000 metric tonnes of solid coconut waste were produced in the coconut oil and milk industries in 2010. These wastes can be converted into useful products, i.e. biodiesel, since the wastes still contain oil. The aims of the study are to synthesize calcium oxide-based catalysts supported on alumina, to test the catalytic activity of the prepared catalyst, to optimize the parameters in the transesterification process using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN), and to characterize the potential catalyst. In this study, fresh coconut oil (FCO) and waste coconut oil (WCO) one-time (1X) and three-time (3X) squeezed samples were selected, and CaO supported Al2O3 was used as the heterogeneous catalyst. The parameters of the transesterification process included methanol to oil molar ratio (18:1), calcination temperature (400, 700, 900, 1000 and 1100°C), reaction time (1-3 hr) and catalyst loading (4–8%) at 60°C of reaction temperature. The characterizations of potential catalyst were done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nitrogen adsorption (NA) and thermogravimetric analysis differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). As for the result, the oil physicochemical characterization shows that the WCO (3X) sample was not meeting the standard’s requirement for biodiesel production. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis shows all of the coconut oil samples have lauric acid as the major fatty acid content in the oil. The highest biodiesel yield obtained from FCO is 75.63%, meanwhile for WCO (1X) is 72.33%, by using the optimum parameters of 1000°C calcination temperature, 1 hr of reaction time and 7% of catalyst loading. In RSM analysis, the coefficient of determination (R2) for both FCO and WCO (1X) biodiesel models were 0.9338 and 0.9589 respectively. Meanwhile, in ANN analysis, the R2 for FCO and WCO (1X) biodiesel models were 0.9756 and 0.9885 respectively, indicating that the ANN model predicted better biodiesel yield compared to the RSM model. Catalyst characterization by XRD revealed that the CaO/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 1000°C had a polycrystalline structure with a BET surface area of 68.5871 m²/g. The morphology of homogenous sphere-shaped and pores on the catalyst’s surface was shown by FESEM analysis. In conclusion, the waste coconut pulp can still produce 51.66% of oil, which can be used for biodiesel conversion using optimum parameters to obtain 72.33% of biodiesel yield that is comparable to FCO biodiesel. The results obtained have proven that WCO can be used to produce green biodiesel using CaO/Al2O3 as a potential catalyst towards achieving a reduction of solid waste. Biodiesel fuels – Production Dissertations, Academic Sila masukkan subject wajib Dissertations, Academic untuk semua tesis.. Terima kasih Computational Study Catalyst Characterization Coconut Oil Waste Utilization Biodiesel Yield Optimization Solid Waste Reduction Thesis |
| spellingShingle | 2023_Synthesis, Characterization and Computational Study of Catalytic Transesterification Using Calciumoxide For Biodiesel Production of Coconut Oil |
| state | Terengganu |
| subject | Biodiesel fuels – Production Dissertations, Academic |
| summary | Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels that has received high attention nowadays as it can reduce fossil fuel energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils such as coconut oil. In Malaysia, about 78 000 metric tonnes of solid coconut waste were produced in the coconut oil and milk industries in 2010. These wastes can be converted into useful products, i.e. biodiesel, since the wastes still contain oil. The aims of the study are to synthesize calcium oxide-based catalysts supported on alumina, to test the catalytic activity of the prepared catalyst, to optimize the parameters in the transesterification process using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN), and to characterize the potential catalyst. In this study, fresh coconut oil (FCO) and waste coconut oil (WCO) one-time (1X) and three-time (3X) squeezed samples were selected, and CaO supported Al2O3 was used as the heterogeneous catalyst. The parameters of the transesterification process included methanol to oil molar ratio (18:1), calcination temperature (400, 700, 900, 1000 and 1100°C), reaction time (1-3 hr) and catalyst loading (4–8%) at 60°C of reaction temperature. The characterizations of potential catalyst were done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nitrogen adsorption (NA) and thermogravimetric analysis differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). As for the result, the oil physicochemical characterization shows that the WCO (3X) sample was not meeting the standard’s requirement for biodiesel production. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis shows all of the coconut oil samples have lauric acid as the major fatty acid content in the oil. The highest biodiesel yield obtained from FCO is 75.63%, meanwhile for WCO (1X) is 72.33%, by using the optimum parameters of 1000°C calcination temperature, 1 hr of reaction time and 7% of catalyst loading. In RSM analysis, the coefficient of determination (R2) for both FCO and WCO (1X) biodiesel models were 0.9338 and 0.9589 respectively. Meanwhile, in ANN analysis, the R2 for FCO and WCO (1X) biodiesel models were 0.9756 and 0.9885 respectively, indicating that the ANN model predicted better biodiesel yield compared to the RSM model. Catalyst characterization by XRD revealed that the CaO/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 1000°C had a polycrystalline structure with a BET surface area of 68.5871 m²/g. The morphology of homogenous sphere-shaped and pores on the catalyst’s surface was shown by FESEM analysis. In conclusion, the waste coconut pulp can still produce 51.66% of oil, which can be used for biodiesel conversion using optimum parameters to obtain 72.33% of biodiesel yield that is comparable to FCO biodiesel. The results obtained have proven that WCO can be used to produce green biodiesel using CaO/Al2O3 as a potential catalyst towards achieving a reduction of solid waste. |
| title | 2023_Synthesis, Characterization and Computational Study of Catalytic Transesterification Using Calciumoxide For Biodiesel Production of Coconut Oil |
| title_full | 2023_Synthesis, Characterization and Computational Study of Catalytic Transesterification Using Calciumoxide For Biodiesel Production of Coconut Oil |
| title_fullStr | 2023_Synthesis, Characterization and Computational Study of Catalytic Transesterification Using Calciumoxide For Biodiesel Production of Coconut Oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2023_Synthesis, Characterization and Computational Study of Catalytic Transesterification Using Calciumoxide For Biodiesel Production of Coconut Oil |
| title_short | 2023_Synthesis, Characterization and Computational Study of Catalytic Transesterification Using Calciumoxide For Biodiesel Production of Coconut Oil |
| title_sort | 2023_synthesis, characterization and computational study of catalytic transesterification using calciumoxide for biodiesel production of coconut oil |