2022_Optimization of Selected Extraction Methods To Determine the Chemical Profile And Antioxidant Activities of Propolis From Stingless Bee, Heterotrigona itama
| Format: | General Document |
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| building | INTELEK Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| collectionurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 |
| copyright | Copyright©PWB2025 |
| country | Malaysia |
| date | 2022-03-20 |
| format | General Document |
| id | 15625 |
| institution | UniSZA |
| internalnotes | Sila masukkan subject wajib Dissertations, Academic untuk semua tesis.. Terima kasih |
| originalfilename | OPTIMIZATION OF SELECTED EXTRACTION METHODS TO DETERMINE THE CHEMICAL PROFILE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF PROPOLIS FROM STINGLESS BEE, Heterotrigona itama (MASTER_2022).pdf |
| person | Nur Basyirah Binti Md Zin |
| recordtype | oai_dc |
| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15625 |
| sourcemedia | Server storage Scanned document |
| spelling | 15625 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15625 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 General Document Malaysia Library Staff (Top Management) Library Staff (Management) Library Staff (Support) Terengganu Faculty of Bio-resources & Food Industry English application/pdf 1.5 Server storage Scanned document Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UniSZA Private Access UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN SAMBox 2.3.4; modified using iTextSharp™ 5.5.10 ©2000-2016 iText Group NV (AGPL-version) Copyright©PWB2025 197 OPTIMIZATION OF SELECTED EXTRACTION METHODS TO DETERMINE THE CHEMICAL PROFILE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF PROPOLIS FROM STINGLESS BEE, Heterotrigona itama (MASTER_2022).pdf Nur Basyirah Binti Md Zin 2022_Optimization of Selected Extraction Methods To Determine the Chemical Profile And Antioxidant Activities of Propolis From Stingless Bee, Heterotrigona itama 2022-03-20 Propolis Propolis has been reported to have positive effect on biological activities as well as enrich with active chemical compound. Importantly, propolis cannot be consumed in the form of raw material and needed to extract first. Thus, due to high demand in market, manufacturers need the best extraction methods that will be used in the development of propolis-based product and this problem become a concern. This may be minimized the cost of production to manufacturers. The aims of this research was to screen various extraction methods based on percentages of extraction yield and phytochemical screening of propolis, to discriminate chemical fingerprint of propolis for different extraction methods using FTIR and HPTLC coupled with chemometric and to analyse antioxidant activities of propolis from different extraction methods via DPPH and ABTS assay and its bioactive compounds. The propolis from colony of stingless bee, Heterotrigona itama was collected from Apiary at UniSZA Besut Campus, Terengganu. The propolis were ground into powder and further for extraction. The extraction methods of propolis were optimized in different percentage of solvent extraction, different method of extraction and different parameter of extraction based of time period. The propolis was extracted in 70% and 95% ethanol by maceration, sonication and Soxhlet. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were examined to achieve objective one. Apart from that, the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with chemometric analysis through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were applied to discriminate chemical fingerprint of propolis from different extraction methods and lastly, the DPPH and ABTS assay were assessed to quantify the antioxidant activities in stingless bee, propolis and its bioactive compounds were screened by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, the extraction yield of propolis is higher in 95% ethanol compared to 70% ethanol and Soxhlet extraction at 4 hours highlighted the highest yield of 49.29%. On contrary, 70% ethanol revealed a higher TPC and TFC of propolis extracted by maceration, sonication and Soxhlet. To be specific, maceration method for 1 day showed the highest TPC while, sonication at 10 minutes extraction highlighted higher TFC in propolis. For the second objective, the grouping of chemical fingerprint by PCA and HCA revealed that the percentages of extraction solvent and methods extraction play an important role in discriminating the chemical compound arose in the propolis. The value of IC50 revealed that 70% of ethanol showed a stronger antioxidant activity via DPPH and ABTS assay by sonication at 10 minutes. Based on GC-MS analysis, the benzenepropanoic acid, cinnamic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechol, α-amyrin, palmitic acid and 1 haxadecanol and have been reported to act as antioxidant compounds. To sum up, the best extraction method to extract propolis with a good efficacy in term of its antioxidant effect and chemical content was sonication at 10 minutes in 70% ethanol (70S-10m). The application of this method to extract propolis can reduce the extraction time and can minimize the cost. Dissertations, Academic Sila masukkan subject wajib Dissertations, Academic untuk semua tesis.. Terima kasih Stingless Bees Heterotrigona Itama Antioxidant Activity Propolis Extraction Thesis |
| spellingShingle | 2022_Optimization of Selected Extraction Methods To Determine the Chemical Profile And Antioxidant Activities of Propolis From Stingless Bee, Heterotrigona itama |
| state | Terengganu |
| subject | Propolis Dissertations, Academic |
| summary | Propolis has been reported to have positive effect on biological activities as well as enrich with active chemical compound. Importantly, propolis cannot be consumed in the form of raw material and needed to extract first. Thus, due to high demand in market, manufacturers need the best extraction methods that will be used in the development of propolis-based product and this problem become a concern. This may be minimized the cost of production to manufacturers. The aims of this research was to screen various extraction methods based on percentages of extraction yield and phytochemical screening of propolis, to discriminate chemical fingerprint of propolis for different extraction methods using FTIR and HPTLC coupled with chemometric and to analyse antioxidant activities of propolis from different extraction methods via DPPH and ABTS assay and its bioactive compounds. The propolis from colony of stingless bee, Heterotrigona itama was collected from Apiary at UniSZA Besut Campus, Terengganu. The propolis were ground into powder and further for extraction. The extraction methods of propolis were optimized in different percentage of solvent extraction, different method of extraction and different parameter of extraction based of time period. The propolis was extracted in 70% and 95% ethanol by maceration, sonication and Soxhlet. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were examined to achieve objective one. Apart from that, the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with chemometric analysis through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were applied to discriminate chemical fingerprint of propolis from different extraction methods and lastly, the DPPH and ABTS assay were assessed to quantify the antioxidant activities in stingless bee, propolis and its bioactive compounds were screened by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, the extraction yield of propolis is higher in 95% ethanol compared to 70% ethanol and Soxhlet extraction at 4 hours highlighted the highest yield of 49.29%. On contrary, 70% ethanol revealed a higher TPC and TFC of propolis extracted by maceration, sonication and Soxhlet. To be specific, maceration method for 1 day showed the highest TPC while, sonication at 10 minutes extraction highlighted higher TFC in propolis. For the second objective, the grouping of chemical fingerprint by PCA and HCA revealed that the percentages of extraction solvent and methods extraction play an important role in discriminating the chemical compound arose in the propolis. The value of IC50 revealed that 70% of ethanol showed a stronger antioxidant activity via DPPH and ABTS assay by sonication at 10 minutes. Based on GC-MS analysis, the benzenepropanoic acid, cinnamic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechol, α-amyrin, palmitic acid and 1 haxadecanol and have been reported to act as antioxidant compounds. To sum up, the best extraction method to extract propolis with a good efficacy in term of its antioxidant effect and chemical content was sonication at 10 minutes in 70% ethanol (70S-10m). The application of this method to extract propolis can reduce the extraction time and can minimize the cost. |
| title | 2022_Optimization of Selected Extraction Methods To Determine the Chemical Profile And Antioxidant Activities of Propolis From Stingless Bee, Heterotrigona itama |
| title_full | 2022_Optimization of Selected Extraction Methods To Determine the Chemical Profile And Antioxidant Activities of Propolis From Stingless Bee, Heterotrigona itama |
| title_fullStr | 2022_Optimization of Selected Extraction Methods To Determine the Chemical Profile And Antioxidant Activities of Propolis From Stingless Bee, Heterotrigona itama |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2022_Optimization of Selected Extraction Methods To Determine the Chemical Profile And Antioxidant Activities of Propolis From Stingless Bee, Heterotrigona itama |
| title_short | 2022_Optimization of Selected Extraction Methods To Determine the Chemical Profile And Antioxidant Activities of Propolis From Stingless Bee, Heterotrigona itama |
| title_sort | 2022_optimization of selected extraction methods to determine the chemical profile and antioxidant activities of propolis from stingless bee, heterotrigona itama |