2023_Effect of Bee Bread on Pregnancy Outcomes, Adrenal Gland and Hormonal Levels in Heat Stress Induced Rats
| Format: | General Document |
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| collection | Online Access |
| collectionurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 |
| copyright | Copyright©PWB2025 |
| country | Malaysia |
| date | 2023-08-23 |
| format | General Document |
| id | 15587 |
| institution | UniSZA |
| internalnotes | Sila masukkan subject wajib Dissertations, Academic untuk semua tesis.. Terima kasih |
| originalfilename | EFFECT OF BEE BREAD ON PREGNANCY OUTCOMES, ADRENAL GLAND AND HORMONAL LEVELS IN HEAT STRESS INDUCED RATS (MASTER_2023).pdf |
| person | Nur Akmar Nadhirah Binti Mohd Nor |
| recordtype | oai_dc |
| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15587 |
| sourcemedia | Server storage Scanned document |
| spelling | 15587 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15587 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 General Document Malaysia Library Staff (Top Management) Library Staff (Management) Library Staff (Support) Terengganu Faculty of Bio-resources & Food Industry English application/pdf 1.5 Server storage Scanned document Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UniSZA Private Access UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN SAMBox 2.4.24; modified using iTextSharp™ 5.5.10 ©2000-2016 iText Group NV (AGPL-version) Copyright©PWB2025 2023-08-23 115 EFFECT OF BEE BREAD ON PREGNANCY OUTCOMES, ADRENAL GLAND AND HORMONAL LEVELS IN HEAT STRESS INDUCED RATS (MASTER_2023).pdf Nur Akmar Nadhirah Binti Mohd Nor 2023_Effect of Bee Bread on Pregnancy Outcomes, Adrenal Gland and Hormonal Levels in Heat Stress Induced Rats Heat stress is affecting reproductive performance in both animals and humans, causing problems like preterm delivery and low birth weight. In response to this, strategic dietary changes, such as bee bread supplementation, are being considered as potential remedies to enhance the body's ability to adapt to heat stress. Bee bread is a naturally occurring, nutritious food that was approved for human consumption as a high-energy and protein source created from bees. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the effect of bee bread on pregnancy outcomes, thickness of the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis, and levels of corticosterone, progesterone and oestradiol serums of the Sprague Dawley rats exposed to heat stress. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24; 6/group) were divided into four treatment groups (Control (C: Standard feeding + room temperature); Treatment 1 (T1: Bee bread); Treatment 2 (T2: Heat stress) and Treatment 3 (T3: Bee bread + Heat stress)). Rats in the C group were fed with standard feeding and kept at room temperature throughout the study. Bee bread (0.5 g/kg body weight/day) was given to the T1 and T3 groups of rats orally using oral gavage starting from day-0 of pregnancy until delivery. Rats from T2 and T3 groups were exposed to 43˚C of heat by using an egg incubator for 45 min/day until delivery. After delivery, the dams were sacrificed, and the pregnancy outcomes such as gestational period, litter size, percentage of resorption, and foetal birth weight were assessed. Adrenal glands were taken to be weighed and processed for assessing the thickness of zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis. Blood was also taken for assessing the levels of serum corticosterone, progesterone, and estradiol hormones. There is no significant difference was observed in adrenal weight, zona glomerulosa, zona reticularis, progesterone and oestradiol level for all experimental groups. However, rats in the T2 group had significantly (P<0.05) decreased litter size (7.83 ± 0.83 pups) and foetal birth weight (6.06 ± 0.10 g), while increased percentage of resorption (16.40 ± 4.79 %) and gestation period (22 ± 0.26 day) when compared with C and T1 groups. Exposure to heat stress (T2) also increases (P<0.05) the thickness of adrenal zona fasciculata (94.95 ± 1.55 µm) and corticosterone levels (49.57 ± 1.57 ng/mL). The T3 group had shown a positive effects of bee bread supplementation during heat stress exposure on litter size by increasing the number of pups (10.50 ± 0.62) and foetal birth weight (6.66 ± 0.07 g), whilst reducing the percentage of resorption (4.42 ± 1.98 %), adrenal zona fasciculata thickness (79.89 ± 3.08 µm) and corticosterone level (35.31 ± 1.73 ng/mL). It can be concluded that bee bread supplementation has protective effects against the adverse effects of pregnancy in rats subject to heat stress by showing a reduction in corticosterone level thus resulting in increase in liter sizes, low percentage of embryo resorption and high foetal birth weight. This effect might be due to the nutrient property of bee bread which may function by lowering corticosterone levels that could lead to reproductive issues. Pregnancy Bee bread Dissertations, Academic Sila masukkan subject wajib Dissertations, Academic untuk semua tesis.. Terima kasih Bee Products Adrenal Glands Thesis |
| spellingShingle | 2023_Effect of Bee Bread on Pregnancy Outcomes, Adrenal Gland and Hormonal Levels in Heat Stress Induced Rats |
| state | Terengganu |
| subject | Bee bread Dissertations, Academic |
| summary | Heat stress is affecting reproductive performance in both animals and humans, causing problems like preterm delivery and low birth weight. In response to this, strategic dietary changes, such as bee bread supplementation, are being considered as potential remedies to enhance the body's ability to adapt to heat stress. Bee bread is a naturally occurring, nutritious food that was approved for human consumption as a high-energy and protein source created from bees. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the effect of bee bread on pregnancy outcomes, thickness of the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis, and levels of corticosterone, progesterone and oestradiol serums of the Sprague Dawley rats exposed to heat stress. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24; 6/group) were divided into four treatment groups (Control (C: Standard feeding + room temperature); Treatment 1 (T1: Bee bread); Treatment 2 (T2: Heat stress) and Treatment 3 (T3: Bee bread + Heat stress)). Rats in the C group were fed with standard feeding and kept at room temperature throughout the study. Bee bread (0.5 g/kg body weight/day) was given to the T1 and T3 groups of rats orally using oral gavage starting from day-0 of pregnancy until delivery. Rats from T2 and T3 groups were exposed to 43˚C of heat by using an egg incubator for 45 min/day until delivery. After delivery, the dams were sacrificed, and the pregnancy outcomes such as gestational period, litter size, percentage of resorption, and foetal birth weight were assessed. Adrenal glands were taken to be weighed and processed for assessing the thickness of zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis. Blood was also taken for assessing the levels of serum corticosterone, progesterone, and estradiol hormones. There is no significant difference was observed in adrenal weight, zona glomerulosa, zona reticularis, progesterone and oestradiol level for all experimental groups. However, rats in the T2 group had significantly (P<0.05) decreased litter size (7.83 ± 0.83 pups) and foetal birth weight (6.06 ± 0.10 g), while increased percentage of resorption (16.40 ± 4.79 %) and gestation period (22 ± 0.26 day) when compared with C and T1 groups. Exposure to heat stress (T2) also increases (P<0.05) the thickness of adrenal zona fasciculata (94.95 ± 1.55 µm) and corticosterone levels (49.57 ± 1.57 ng/mL). The T3 group had shown a positive effects of bee bread supplementation during heat stress exposure on litter size by increasing the number of pups (10.50 ± 0.62) and foetal birth weight (6.66 ± 0.07 g), whilst reducing the percentage of resorption (4.42 ± 1.98 %), adrenal zona fasciculata thickness (79.89 ± 3.08 µm) and corticosterone level (35.31 ± 1.73 ng/mL). It can be concluded that bee bread supplementation has protective effects against the adverse effects of pregnancy in rats subject to heat stress by showing a reduction in corticosterone level thus resulting in increase in liter sizes, low percentage of embryo resorption and high foetal birth weight. This effect might be due to the nutrient property of bee bread which may function by lowering corticosterone levels that could lead to reproductive issues. |
| title | 2023_Effect of Bee Bread on Pregnancy Outcomes, Adrenal Gland and Hormonal Levels in Heat Stress Induced Rats |
| title_full | 2023_Effect of Bee Bread on Pregnancy Outcomes, Adrenal Gland and Hormonal Levels in Heat Stress Induced Rats |
| title_fullStr | 2023_Effect of Bee Bread on Pregnancy Outcomes, Adrenal Gland and Hormonal Levels in Heat Stress Induced Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2023_Effect of Bee Bread on Pregnancy Outcomes, Adrenal Gland and Hormonal Levels in Heat Stress Induced Rats |
| title_short | 2023_Effect of Bee Bread on Pregnancy Outcomes, Adrenal Gland and Hormonal Levels in Heat Stress Induced Rats |
| title_sort | 2023_effect of bee bread on pregnancy outcomes, adrenal gland and hormonal levels in heat stress induced rats |