2021_In Vitro Antileptospiral Activity of Trigona Thoracia Propolis Extracts and its Synergistic Effects with Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics
| Format: | General Document |
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| building | INTELEK Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| collectionurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 |
| copyright | Copyright©PWB2025 |
| date | 2021-10-07 |
| format | General Document |
| id | 15479 |
| institution | UniSZA |
| internalnotes | Sila masukkan subject wajib Dissertations, Academic. Terima kasih... |
| originalfilename | IN VITRO ANTILEPTOSPIRAL ACTIVITY OF TRIGONA THORACIA PROPOLIS EXTRACTS AND ITS SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS WITH COMMONLY PRESCRIBED ANTIBIOTICS (MASTER_2021).pdf |
| person | Siti Radziah Ismail |
| recordtype | oai_dc |
| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15479 |
| sourcemedia | Server storage Scanned document |
| spelling | 15479 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15479 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 General Document Library Staff (Top Management) Library Staff (Management) Library Staff (Support) Faculty of Medicine Malay English application/pdf 1.5 Server storage Scanned document Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UniSZA Private Access Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin SAMBox 2.3.4; modified using iTextSharp™ 5.5.10 ©2000-2016 iText Group NV (AGPL-version) Propolis 112 IN VITRO ANTILEPTOSPIRAL ACTIVITY OF TRIGONA THORACIA PROPOLIS EXTRACTS AND ITS SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS WITH COMMONLY PRESCRIBED ANTIBIOTICS (MASTER_2021).pdf 2021_In Vitro Antileptospiral Activity of Trigona Thoracia Propolis Extracts and its Synergistic Effects with Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics 2021-10-07 Copyright©PWB2025 Siti Radziah Ismail Propolis—Therapeutic use Leptospirosis Leptospirosis is a life-threatening zoonotic disease caused by the pathogenic Leptospira species. Treatment with currently available antibiotics may lead to the development of side effects and the emergence of resistant strains. Despite the widely known antimicrobial properties of Trigona thoracica propolis, its antileptospiral properties and synergistic effects with commonly prescribed antibiotics are still scarcely documented. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antileptospiral properties of T. thoracica propolis against pathogenic Leptospira species and to study its synergistic effects with commonly prescribed antibiotics. Leptospira interrogans serovar Australis, Bataviae, Canicola, and Javanica were used in this study. T. thoracica propolis was extracted using aqueous for aqueous extract propolis (AEP) and ethanol for ethanolic extracts propolis (EEP). The broth dilution method was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The synergistic effects between the propolis and the tested antibiotics were evaluated by calculating the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) index. The tested antibiotics were penicillin G, doxycycline, and ceftriaxone. Morphological changes of the treated leptospires were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The AEP and EEP were found to have antileptospiral properties against the tested leptospiral serovars. For the serovars Australis, Canicola, and Javanica, the MICs of AEP and EEP were: 6.25 mg/mL and 1.57 mg/mL respectively; while for serovar Bataviae, the results were 6.25 mg/mL and 0.79 mg/mL. The MBC of AEP and EEP were 25 mg/mL and 1.57 mg/mL for the serovar Australis, and 12.5 mg/mL and 1.57 mg/mL for Bataviae, Canicola, and Javanica. The MIC and MBC of penicillin G, doxycycline, and ceftriaxone against the tested serovars were 0.39 µg/mL, 3.13 µg/mL; 0.20 µg/mL, 0.78 µg/mL, and 6.26 µg/mL, 0.39 µg/mL, respectively. The synergistic study result showed that only the combination of AEP and penicillin G against serovar Australis demonstrated a synergistic effect with the FIC index of 0.38. A morphological study using SEM showed significant morphological changes of the treated leptospirae. This result suggests that other than having antileptospiral properties against pathogenic Leptospira spp., Trigona thoracica propolis also has synergistic effects with a commonly prescribed antibiotic. Thus, it can be used either as a complementary or an alternative therapeutic agent against pathogenic Leptospira spp. Dissertations, Academic Sila masukkan subject wajib Dissertations, Academic. Terima kasih... Synergistic Effects Of Antibiotics Thesis |
| spellingShingle | 2021_In Vitro Antileptospiral Activity of Trigona Thoracia Propolis Extracts and its Synergistic Effects with Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics |
| subject | Propolis—Therapeutic use Dissertations, Academic |
| summary | Leptospirosis is a life-threatening zoonotic disease caused by the pathogenic Leptospira species. Treatment with currently available antibiotics may lead to the development of side effects and the emergence of resistant strains. Despite the widely known antimicrobial properties of Trigona thoracica propolis, its antileptospiral properties and synergistic effects with commonly prescribed antibiotics are still scarcely documented. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antileptospiral properties of T. thoracica propolis against pathogenic Leptospira species and to study its synergistic effects with commonly prescribed antibiotics. Leptospira interrogans serovar Australis, Bataviae, Canicola, and Javanica were used in this study. T. thoracica propolis was extracted using aqueous for aqueous extract propolis (AEP) and ethanol for ethanolic extracts propolis (EEP). The broth dilution method was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The synergistic effects between the propolis and the tested antibiotics were evaluated by calculating the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) index. The tested antibiotics were penicillin G, doxycycline, and ceftriaxone. Morphological changes of the treated leptospires were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The AEP and EEP were found to have antileptospiral properties against the tested leptospiral serovars. For the serovars Australis, Canicola, and Javanica, the MICs of AEP and EEP were: 6.25 mg/mL and 1.57 mg/mL respectively; while for serovar Bataviae, the results were 6.25 mg/mL and 0.79 mg/mL. The MBC of AEP and EEP were 25 mg/mL and 1.57 mg/mL for the serovar Australis, and 12.5 mg/mL and 1.57 mg/mL for Bataviae, Canicola, and Javanica. The MIC and MBC of penicillin G, doxycycline, and ceftriaxone against the tested serovars were 0.39 µg/mL, 3.13 µg/mL; 0.20 µg/mL, 0.78 µg/mL, and 6.26 µg/mL, 0.39 µg/mL, respectively. The synergistic study result showed that only the combination of AEP and penicillin G against serovar Australis demonstrated a synergistic effect with the FIC index of 0.38. A morphological study using SEM showed significant morphological changes of the treated leptospirae. This result suggests that other than having antileptospiral properties against pathogenic Leptospira spp., Trigona thoracica propolis also has synergistic effects with a commonly prescribed antibiotic. Thus, it can be used either as a complementary or an alternative therapeutic agent against pathogenic Leptospira spp. |
| title | 2021_In Vitro Antileptospiral Activity of Trigona Thoracia Propolis Extracts and its Synergistic Effects with Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics |
| title_full | 2021_In Vitro Antileptospiral Activity of Trigona Thoracia Propolis Extracts and its Synergistic Effects with Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics |
| title_fullStr | 2021_In Vitro Antileptospiral Activity of Trigona Thoracia Propolis Extracts and its Synergistic Effects with Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2021_In Vitro Antileptospiral Activity of Trigona Thoracia Propolis Extracts and its Synergistic Effects with Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics |
| title_short | 2021_In Vitro Antileptospiral Activity of Trigona Thoracia Propolis Extracts and its Synergistic Effects with Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics |
| title_sort | 2021_in vitro antileptospiral activity of trigona thoracia propolis extracts and its synergistic effects with commonly prescribed antibiotics |