2021_Determination of Sugar Content in Selected Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBS) And Snacks, Its Consumption, And Relationship with Nutritional Status of Primary School Children In Kota Bharu, Kelantan
| Format: | General Document |
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| copyright | Copyright©PWB2025 |
| country | Malaysia |
| date | 2021-11-20 |
| format | General Document |
| id | 15407 |
| institution | UniSZA |
| internalnotes | Sila masukkan subject wajib Dissertations, Academic. Terima kasih... |
| originalfilename | DETERM~1.PDF |
| person | Noor Fadzlina Binti Hamid |
| recordtype | oai_dc |
| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15407 |
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| spelling | 15407 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15407 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 General Document Malaysia Library Staff (Top Management) Library Staff (Management) Library Staff (Support) Terengganu Faculty of Medicine English application/pdf 1.5 195 Server storage Scanned document Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UniSZA Private Access Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin SAMBox 2.3.4; modified using iTextSharp™ 5.5.10 ©2000-2016 iText Group NV (AGPL-version) 2021-11-20 DETERM~1.PDF 2021_Determination of Sugar Content in Selected Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBS) And Snacks, Its Consumption, And Relationship with Nutritional Status of Primary School Children In Kota Bharu, Kelantan Noor Fadzlina Binti Hamid Sugar-sweetened beverages—Analysis Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) Sugar Content Dietary Habits Copyright©PWB2025 High intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and snacks contribute to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) in children and adolescents due to dietary pattern changes. However, there is insufficient evidence to evaluate the SSBs and snack intake and its association with OW/OB among Malaysian schoolchildren. This study's objective was to determine the sugar content in selected SSBs and snacks, its consumption, and its relationship with nutritional status among schoolchildren aged 10 to 11 years in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. This study also attempted to determine the contributing factors to OW/OB's occurrence among the schoolchildren. In the determination of sugar composition, the enzymatic technique was used. The new development and validation of the beverages and snacks questionnaire for schoolchildren (BSQ-C) were developed to be utilised in the following cross-sectional study. This survey was conducted among 463 schoolchildren aged 10 and 11 years old, where data on anthropometry, dietary intake, and SSBs and snack consumption were collected. The total sugar content of the SSBs and snacks were ranging from mean (SD) of 4.52 g/100 mL (1.06) to 52.16 g/100 g (0.71) and 10.32 g/100 g (0.17) to 63.69 g/100 g (2.25), respectively. The major component of the analysed SSBs and snacks consisted of sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose, galactose, and lactose. For BSQ-C, Cronbach’s alpha's value was 0.94, which indicated a high correlation between the items and consistently reliable to use in the population survey. In terms of socio-demographic data, the majority of both parents received secondary education. Nearly 36.3% of their fathers were self-employed, and almost 50.0% of mothers were housewives, where 65.2% of the households were low income, which less than RM3,860 per month. The nutritional status showed that 65.9% of the schoolchildren were in the normal range, 28.6% were OW/OB, and 5.6% were found to be underweight. The most frequent intake of SSBs and snacks was hot chocolate and ice-cream, respectively, whereby schoolchildren consumed 1-3 days/week, and their home was their preferred location to consume SSBs and snacks. In multivariable analysis, a higher odds of becoming OW/OB were schoolchildren aged 11 years old (OR=2.00, 95% CI 1.25, 3.21), schoolchildren who consumed mango fruit drink (OR=1.71, 95% CI 1.03, 2.83) and chocolate malt drink (OR=1.94, 95% CI 1.19, 3.18). Besides, lower odds of being OW/OB was observed among schoolchildren from various level of education (fathers); primary (OR=0.12, 95% CI 0.02, 0.78), secondary (OR=0.12, 95% CI 0.03, 0.51) and tertiary (OR=0.13, 95% CI 0.03, 0.62). Instead, schoolchildren who received School Feeding Program (SFP) (OR=0.52, 95% CI 0.28, 0.97) and consumed chocolate stick as their snacking habit (OR=0.54, 95% CI 0.31, 0.93), were 48.0% and 46.0% odds of lesser probability to become OW/OB, respectively. An increase in schoolchildren’s age, consumption of both mango fruit and chocolate malt drinks showed a higher probability of becoming OW/OB. This information is useful to identify the factors associated with combating overweight and obesity among schoolchildren. However, the findings need further studies to look into the effect of SSBs and snack choices on the growing trend towards overweight and obesity. Dissertations, Academic Sila masukkan subject wajib Dissertations, Academic. Terima kasih... Thesis |
| spellingShingle | 2021_Determination of Sugar Content in Selected Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBS) And Snacks, Its Consumption, And Relationship with Nutritional Status of Primary School Children In Kota Bharu, Kelantan |
| state | Terengganu |
| subject | Sugar-sweetened beverages—Analysis Dissertations, Academic |
| summary | High intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and snacks contribute to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) in children and adolescents due to dietary pattern changes. However, there is insufficient evidence to evaluate the SSBs and snack intake and its association with OW/OB among Malaysian schoolchildren. This study's objective was to determine the sugar content in selected SSBs and snacks, its consumption, and its relationship with nutritional status among schoolchildren aged 10 to 11 years in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. This study also attempted to determine the contributing factors to OW/OB's occurrence among the schoolchildren. In the determination of sugar composition, the enzymatic technique was used. The new development and validation of the beverages and snacks questionnaire for schoolchildren (BSQ-C) were developed to be utilised in the following cross-sectional study. This survey was conducted among 463 schoolchildren aged 10 and 11 years old, where data on anthropometry, dietary intake, and SSBs and snack consumption were collected. The total sugar content of the SSBs and snacks were ranging from mean (SD) of 4.52 g/100 mL (1.06) to 52.16 g/100 g (0.71) and 10.32 g/100 g (0.17) to 63.69 g/100 g (2.25), respectively. The major component of the analysed SSBs and snacks consisted of sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose, galactose, and lactose. For BSQ-C, Cronbach’s alpha's value was 0.94, which indicated a high correlation between the items and consistently reliable to use in the population survey. In terms of socio-demographic data, the majority of both parents received secondary education. Nearly 36.3% of their fathers were self-employed, and almost 50.0% of mothers were housewives, where 65.2% of the households were low income, which less than RM3,860 per month. The nutritional status showed that 65.9% of the schoolchildren were in the normal range, 28.6% were OW/OB, and 5.6% were found to be underweight. The most frequent intake of SSBs and snacks was hot chocolate and ice-cream, respectively, whereby schoolchildren consumed 1-3 days/week, and their home was their preferred location to consume SSBs and snacks. In multivariable analysis, a higher odds of becoming OW/OB were schoolchildren aged 11 years old (OR=2.00, 95% CI 1.25, 3.21), schoolchildren who consumed mango fruit drink (OR=1.71, 95% CI 1.03, 2.83) and chocolate malt drink (OR=1.94, 95% CI 1.19, 3.18). Besides, lower odds of being OW/OB was observed among schoolchildren from various level of education (fathers); primary (OR=0.12, 95% CI 0.02, 0.78), secondary (OR=0.12, 95% CI 0.03, 0.51) and tertiary (OR=0.13, 95% CI 0.03, 0.62). Instead, schoolchildren who received School Feeding Program (SFP) (OR=0.52, 95% CI 0.28, 0.97) and consumed chocolate stick as their snacking habit (OR=0.54, 95% CI 0.31, 0.93), were 48.0% and 46.0% odds of lesser probability to become OW/OB, respectively. An increase in schoolchildren’s age, consumption of both mango fruit and chocolate malt drinks showed a higher probability of becoming OW/OB. This information is useful to identify the factors associated with combating overweight and obesity among schoolchildren. However, the findings need further studies to look into the effect of SSBs and snack choices on the growing trend towards overweight and obesity. |
| title | 2021_Determination of Sugar Content in Selected Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBS) And Snacks, Its Consumption, And Relationship with Nutritional Status of Primary School Children In Kota Bharu, Kelantan |
| title_full | 2021_Determination of Sugar Content in Selected Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBS) And Snacks, Its Consumption, And Relationship with Nutritional Status of Primary School Children In Kota Bharu, Kelantan |
| title_fullStr | 2021_Determination of Sugar Content in Selected Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBS) And Snacks, Its Consumption, And Relationship with Nutritional Status of Primary School Children In Kota Bharu, Kelantan |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2021_Determination of Sugar Content in Selected Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBS) And Snacks, Its Consumption, And Relationship with Nutritional Status of Primary School Children In Kota Bharu, Kelantan |
| title_short | 2021_Determination of Sugar Content in Selected Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBS) And Snacks, Its Consumption, And Relationship with Nutritional Status of Primary School Children In Kota Bharu, Kelantan |
| title_sort | 2021_determination of sugar content in selected sugar-sweetened beverages (ssbs) and snacks, its consumption, and relationship with nutritional status of primary school children in kota bharu, kelantan |