2023_Prevalence, Antibiogram and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus Aureus from Animals and Animal Handlers in Peninsular Malaysia
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| collectionurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 |
| copyright | Copyright©PWB2025 |
| country | Malaysia |
| date | 2023-10-22 |
| format | General Document |
| id | 15352 |
| institution | UniSZA |
| internalnotes | Sila masukkan subject wajib Dissertations, Academic. Terima kasih... |
| originalfilename | PREVALENCE, ANTIBIOGRAM AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Staphylococcus aureus FROM ANIMALS AND ANIMAL HANDLERS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA (PHD_2023).pdf |
| person | Chai Min Hian |
| recordtype | oai_dc |
| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15352 |
| sourcemedia | Server storage Scanned document |
| spelling | 15352 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15352 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 General Document Malaysia Library Staff (Top Management) Library Staff (Management) Library Staff (Support) Terengganu Faculty of Bio-resources & Food Industry English application/pdf 1.5 324 Server storage Scanned document Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UniSZA Private Access Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin SAMBox 2.3.4; modified using iTextSharp™ 5.5.10 ©2000-2016 iText Group NV (AGPL-version) PREVALENCE, ANTIBIOGRAM AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Staphylococcus aureus FROM ANIMALS AND ANIMAL HANDLERS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA (PHD_2023).pdf 2023-10-22 2023_Prevalence, Antibiogram and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus Aureus from Animals and Animal Handlers in Peninsular Malaysia Staphylococcus aureus – Epidemiology Chai Min Hian Copyright©PWB2025 The emergence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with antibiotic-resistant traits reported in animals and humans constitutes an important public health concern. Nevertheless, the knowledge and perception of the animal handlers towards antibiotic usage (ABU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) were indecisively defined. In addition, the carriage rate status, antibiogram and risk factors that contributed to the colonization of S. aureus, as well as the genotypic profile of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistance S. aureus (MDRSA) from animals and animal handlers were poorly studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of animal handlers in Peninsular Malaysia towards ABU and AMR. Furthermore, the prevalence rate, antibiogram and associated risk factors that contributed to the colonization of S. aureus as well as the genotypic profile of MDRSA from animals and animal handlers were determined. The KAP awareness analysis towards ABU and AMR of 963 animal handlers in Peninsular Malaysia was determined using a KAP questionnaire survey. In this study, animal handlers were defined as individuals with constant exposure with live animals, including veterinarians, animal farm owners, animal farm workers, animal shelter workers and pet owners. In addition, the prevalence rates, antibiogram and the risk factors associated with the carriage of S. aureus, MRSA and MDRSA among 925 animals (farm and companion animals) and 423 animal handlers in Peninsular Malaysia were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods, Chi-Square test and binary logistic regression analysis. The AMR and virulence genes profiles of MRSA (n=16) and MDRSA (n=40) isolates obtained from animals and animal handlers were determined using PCR screening of AMR (n=13) and virulence (n=16) genes. The genotypes of the MRSA and MDRSA were identified through immune evasion cluster (IEC), agr and spa typing. This study revealed that animal handlers in Malaysia showed moderate awareness levels towards ABU and AMR. The prevalence rate of S. aureus, MRSA and MDRSA in animals were 30.3%, 2.3% and 8.6% respectively. Meanwhile, the prevalence rate of S. aureus, MRSA and MDRSA isolated from animal handlers were 30.5%, 1.2% and 5.9% respectively. The S. aureus from animals and animal handlers showed the highest resistance rate against penicillin. This study revealed that the carriage rates of S. aureus among animals and animal handlers were significantly different according to age groups. Poultry handlers were found to be at higher risk of carrying S. aureus with cefoxitin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin resistance traits as compared to their counterparts. PCR analysis has revealed the presence of ten different genes that encode various antibiotic resistance mechanisms in MDRSA isolates, including blaZ (58.9%), ermC (46.4%), tetK (30.4%), mecA 16 (28.6%), tetM (21.4%), ermA (14.3%), ermB (14.3%), msrA (12.5%), tetL (12.5%), and norA (7.1%; 4/56) genes were detected. Certain AMR genes including tetK, tetL, tetM and ermA genes were only found in MRSA and MDRSA isolates obtained from animals, suggesting these AMR genes can be a potential biomarker to determine the possible source of origins of the MRSA and MDRSA. The presence of several virulence genes among the MRSA and MDRSA isolates were also detected, including iccA (35.7%), fnbA (33.9%), sak (23.2%), scn (23.2%), clfA (16.1%), clfB (10.7%), sdrC (12.5%), chp (7.1%), sdrE (7.1%) and sdrD (3.6%) genes. Regarding the IEC genotype, IEC type E was the dominant type found among the MRSA and MDRSA. Furthermore, nineteen different spa types and two agr types (type I and II) were detected among the MRSA and MDRSA. The most prominent agr and spa types were agr I (75.0%) and t4171 (26.8%) respectively. In this study, t189 (33.3%; 4/12), t4171 (40.0%; 2/5) and t2174 (80.0%; 4/5) were the prominent spa type detected in MRSA and MDRSA isolated from animal handlers in the east, northern and southern regions of Peninsular Malaysia. In the context of MRSA and MDRSA isolated from animals, t002 (75.0%; 3/4) and t4171 (50%; 9/18) were the dominant spa types among isolates from dog (central region) and swine (southern region) of Peninsular Malaysia. Some MRSA and MDRSA isolated from swine exhibit similarity in the genotype and molecular profile, suggesting the transmission of similar S. aureus clonal. This study has successfully determined the antibiogram and risk factors associated with S. aureus carriage as well as the genotypic profile of MDRSA from animals and animal handlers. The antibiotic resistance and IEC gene compositions of MDRSA from animals and animal handlers were also identified. The present study also detected a novel spa type t19675 among the MDRSA isolates originating from swine in Peninsular Malaysia. This study has contributed to the current understanding of AMR in S. aureus in animal and animal handlers as the continuous efforts to increase awareness among animal handlers to promote responsible antibiotic usage in Malaysia. Dissertations, Academic Sila masukkan subject wajib Dissertations, Academic. Terima kasih... Molecular Characterization Staphylococcus Aureus Prevalence Antibiogram of Staphylococcus Aureus Thesis |
| spellingShingle | 2023_Prevalence, Antibiogram and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus Aureus from Animals and Animal Handlers in Peninsular Malaysia |
| state | Terengganu |
| subject | Staphylococcus aureus – Epidemiology Dissertations, Academic |
| summary | The emergence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with antibiotic-resistant traits reported in animals and humans constitutes an important public health concern. Nevertheless, the knowledge and perception of the animal handlers towards antibiotic usage (ABU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) were indecisively defined. In addition, the carriage rate status, antibiogram and risk factors that contributed to the colonization of S. aureus, as well as the genotypic profile of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistance S. aureus (MDRSA) from animals and animal handlers were poorly studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of animal handlers in Peninsular Malaysia towards ABU and AMR. Furthermore, the prevalence rate, antibiogram and associated risk factors that contributed to the colonization of S. aureus as well as the genotypic profile of MDRSA from animals and animal handlers were determined. The KAP awareness analysis towards ABU and AMR of 963 animal handlers in Peninsular Malaysia was determined using a KAP questionnaire survey. In this study, animal handlers were defined as individuals with constant exposure with live animals, including veterinarians, animal farm owners, animal farm workers, animal shelter workers and pet owners. In addition, the prevalence rates, antibiogram and the risk factors associated with the carriage of S. aureus, MRSA and MDRSA among 925 animals (farm and companion animals) and 423 animal handlers in Peninsular Malaysia were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods, Chi-Square test and binary logistic regression analysis. The AMR and virulence genes profiles of MRSA (n=16) and MDRSA (n=40) isolates obtained from animals and animal handlers were determined using PCR screening of AMR (n=13) and virulence (n=16) genes. The genotypes of the MRSA and MDRSA were identified through immune evasion cluster (IEC), agr and spa typing. This study revealed that animal handlers in Malaysia showed moderate awareness levels towards ABU and AMR. The prevalence rate of S. aureus, MRSA and MDRSA in animals were 30.3%, 2.3% and 8.6% respectively. Meanwhile, the prevalence rate of S. aureus, MRSA and MDRSA isolated from animal handlers were 30.5%, 1.2% and 5.9% respectively. The S. aureus from animals and animal handlers showed the highest resistance rate against penicillin. This study revealed that the carriage rates of S. aureus among animals and animal handlers were significantly different according to age groups. Poultry handlers were found to be at higher risk of carrying S. aureus with cefoxitin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin resistance traits as compared to their counterparts. PCR analysis has revealed the presence of ten different genes that encode various antibiotic resistance mechanisms in MDRSA isolates, including blaZ (58.9%), ermC (46.4%), tetK (30.4%), mecA 16 (28.6%), tetM (21.4%), ermA (14.3%), ermB (14.3%), msrA (12.5%), tetL (12.5%), and norA (7.1%; 4/56) genes were detected. Certain AMR genes including tetK, tetL, tetM and ermA genes were only found in MRSA and MDRSA isolates obtained from animals, suggesting these AMR genes can be a potential biomarker to determine the possible source of origins of the MRSA and MDRSA. The presence of several virulence genes among the MRSA and MDRSA isolates were also detected, including iccA (35.7%), fnbA (33.9%), sak (23.2%), scn (23.2%), clfA (16.1%), clfB (10.7%), sdrC (12.5%), chp (7.1%), sdrE (7.1%) and sdrD (3.6%) genes. Regarding the IEC genotype, IEC type E was the dominant type found among the MRSA and MDRSA. Furthermore, nineteen different spa types and two agr types (type I and II) were detected among the MRSA and MDRSA. The most prominent agr and spa types were agr I (75.0%) and t4171 (26.8%) respectively. In this study, t189 (33.3%; 4/12), t4171 (40.0%; 2/5) and t2174 (80.0%; 4/5) were the prominent spa type detected in MRSA and MDRSA isolated from animal handlers in the east, northern and southern regions of Peninsular Malaysia. In the context of MRSA and MDRSA isolated from animals, t002 (75.0%; 3/4) and t4171 (50%; 9/18) were the dominant spa types among isolates from dog (central region) and swine (southern region) of Peninsular Malaysia. Some MRSA and MDRSA isolated from swine exhibit similarity in the genotype and molecular profile, suggesting the transmission of similar S. aureus clonal. This study has successfully determined the antibiogram and risk factors associated with S. aureus carriage as well as the genotypic profile of MDRSA from animals and animal handlers. The antibiotic resistance and IEC gene compositions of MDRSA from animals and animal handlers were also identified. The present study also detected a novel spa type t19675 among the MDRSA isolates originating from swine in Peninsular Malaysia. This study has contributed to the current understanding of AMR in S. aureus in animal and animal handlers as the continuous efforts to increase awareness among animal handlers to promote responsible antibiotic usage in Malaysia. |
| title | 2023_Prevalence, Antibiogram and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus Aureus from Animals and Animal Handlers in Peninsular Malaysia |
| title_full | 2023_Prevalence, Antibiogram and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus Aureus from Animals and Animal Handlers in Peninsular Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | 2023_Prevalence, Antibiogram and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus Aureus from Animals and Animal Handlers in Peninsular Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2023_Prevalence, Antibiogram and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus Aureus from Animals and Animal Handlers in Peninsular Malaysia |
| title_short | 2023_Prevalence, Antibiogram and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus Aureus from Animals and Animal Handlers in Peninsular Malaysia |
| title_sort | 2023_prevalence, antibiogram and molecular characterization of staphylococcus aureus from animals and animal handlers in peninsular malaysia |