2023_Characterization of Chemical Compounds and Biological Activities of Geniotrigona Thoracica Propolis
| Format: | General Document |
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| collection | Online Access |
| collectionurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 |
| copyright | Copyright©PWB2025 |
| country | Malaysia |
| date | 2023-10-22 |
| format | General Document |
| id | 15339 |
| institution | UniSZA |
| internalnotes | Sila masukkan subject wajib Dissertations, Academic. Terima kasih... |
| originalfilename | 15339_9ce9f2720e6a0ea.pdf |
| person | Ainur Awanis Binti Mohd Badiazaman |
| recordtype | oai_dc |
| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15339 |
| sourcemedia | Server storage Scanned document |
| spelling | 15339 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15339 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 General Document Malaysia Library Staff (Top Management) Library Staff (Management) Library Staff (Support) Terengganu Faculty of Bio-resources & Food Industry English application/pdf 1.5 Server storage Scanned document Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UniSZA Private Access Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin SAMBox 2.3.4; modified using iTextSharp™ 5.5.10 ©2000-2016 iText Group NV (AGPL-version) 357 2023-10-22 15339_9ce9f2720e6a0ea.pdf 2023_Characterization of Chemical Compounds and Biological Activities of Geniotrigona Thoracica Propolis Geniotrigona thoracica Propolis Chemical Compounds Ainur Awanis Binti Mohd Badiazaman Copyright©PWB2025 Stingless bee propolis has become a subject of interest around the world for the last decades as it appears to have high value of biological activities, and most of these activities are related to its chemical constituents. This has led to recognition as potential alternative medicine and healthy foods. To date, there is no identified markers for quality control of propolis. Hence, this research aimed to determine chemical and biological profiles of propolis from different locations, to isolate major bioactive compounds from propolis via bioassay-guided approach and to identify the marker (s) for East Coast Peninsular Malaysian stingless bee propolis. Propolis produced by Geniotrigona thoracica was collected from five different locations in Terengganu and Kelantan states, Malaysia. Chemical fingerprinting was performed using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Biological activities were evaluated using antioxidant assays (1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)), antibacterial assay (disc diffusion) and cytotoxicity assay (3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT)). Isolation and purification of five major compounds were carried out using Column Chromatography (CC), and the structures were elucidated using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), FTIR and Mass Spectrometry. Identification of chemical markers were performed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). G. thoracica propolis showed various phytochemicals depending on the locations. Propolis from Gua Musang had the highest total phenolic content (23.43 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract), while propolis from Besut had the highest total flavonoid content (17.22 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g extract). HPTLC profiling revealed the presence of terpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids and essential oils in propolis. FTIR analysis showed that propolis had a variety of functional groups, including phenolics, flavonoids, terpenes, ketones and hydrocarbons. GC-MS identified 34 chemical components in propolis, with triterpenoids as the major groups (22.10-41.04%). Propolis from Besut demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity for DPPH and ABTS with IC50 values of 79.5 and 13.6 µg/mL, respectively. All propolis samples showed comparable zone of inhibition against all tested bacteria. Propolis from Besut had the strongest cytotoxicity on MCF 7 and HepG2 cancer cell lines with IC50 of 8.72 and 15.16 µg/mL, respectively. Five major compounds were isolated from propolis, namely mangiferonic acid 46, ambonic acid 47, mangiferolic acid 42, ambolic acid 48 and cycloartenol 35, which are cycloartane-type triterpenes. All compounds except cycloartenol 35 were proposed to serve as chemical markers for East Coast Peninsular Malaysian stingless bee propolis. All compounds showed weak antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Mangiferolic acid 42 demonstrated the highest cytotoxic activity for MCF-7 and HepG2 with IC50 of 5.08 and 4.82 µg/mL, respectively, meanwhile cycloartenol 35 had the lowest cytotoxic activity for MCF-7 and HepG2 with IC50 of 27.77 and 27.16 µg/mL, respectively. The chemical and biological properties of propolis were influenced by their geographical locations and plant sources. G. thoracica propolis was abundant in cycloartane-type triterpenes and mangiferolic acid 42 acts as a potential bioactive marker for East Coast Peninsular Malaysian stingless bee propolis. This study provides insights that can aid in the development and standardization of Malaysian propolis. Dissertations, Academic Sila masukkan subject wajib Dissertations, Academic. Terima kasih... Geniotrigona Thoracia Thesis |
| spellingShingle | 2023_Characterization of Chemical Compounds and Biological Activities of Geniotrigona Thoracica Propolis |
| state | Terengganu |
| subject | Geniotrigona thoracica Dissertations, Academic |
| summary | Stingless bee propolis has become a subject of interest around the world for the last decades as it appears to have high value of biological activities, and most of these activities are related to its chemical constituents. This has led to recognition as potential alternative medicine and healthy foods. To date, there is no identified markers for quality control of propolis. Hence, this research aimed to determine chemical and biological profiles of propolis from different locations, to isolate major bioactive compounds from propolis via bioassay-guided approach and to identify the marker (s) for East Coast Peninsular Malaysian stingless bee propolis. Propolis produced by Geniotrigona thoracica was collected from five different locations in Terengganu and Kelantan states, Malaysia. Chemical fingerprinting was performed using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Biological activities were evaluated using antioxidant assays (1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)), antibacterial assay (disc diffusion) and cytotoxicity assay (3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT)). Isolation and purification of five major compounds were carried out using Column Chromatography (CC), and the structures were elucidated using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), FTIR and Mass Spectrometry. Identification of chemical markers were performed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). G. thoracica propolis showed various phytochemicals depending on the locations. Propolis from Gua Musang had the highest total phenolic content (23.43 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract), while propolis from Besut had the highest total flavonoid content (17.22 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g extract). HPTLC profiling revealed the presence of terpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids and essential oils in propolis. FTIR analysis showed that propolis had a variety of functional groups, including phenolics, flavonoids, terpenes, ketones and hydrocarbons. GC-MS identified 34 chemical components in propolis, with triterpenoids as the major groups (22.10-41.04%). Propolis from Besut demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity for DPPH and ABTS with IC50 values of 79.5 and 13.6 µg/mL, respectively. All propolis samples showed comparable zone of inhibition against all tested bacteria. Propolis from Besut had the strongest cytotoxicity on MCF 7 and HepG2 cancer cell lines with IC50 of 8.72 and 15.16 µg/mL, respectively. Five major compounds were isolated from propolis, namely mangiferonic acid 46, ambonic acid 47, mangiferolic acid 42, ambolic acid 48 and cycloartenol 35, which are cycloartane-type triterpenes. All compounds except cycloartenol 35 were proposed to serve as chemical markers for East Coast Peninsular Malaysian stingless bee propolis. All compounds showed weak antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Mangiferolic acid 42 demonstrated the highest cytotoxic activity for MCF-7 and HepG2 with IC50 of 5.08 and 4.82 µg/mL, respectively, meanwhile cycloartenol 35 had the lowest cytotoxic activity for MCF-7 and HepG2 with IC50 of 27.77 and 27.16 µg/mL, respectively. The chemical and biological properties of propolis were influenced by their geographical locations and plant sources. G. thoracica propolis was abundant in cycloartane-type triterpenes and mangiferolic acid 42 acts as a potential bioactive marker for East Coast Peninsular Malaysian stingless bee propolis. This study provides insights that can aid in the development and standardization of Malaysian propolis. |
| title | 2023_Characterization of Chemical Compounds and Biological Activities of Geniotrigona Thoracica Propolis |
| title_full | 2023_Characterization of Chemical Compounds and Biological Activities of Geniotrigona Thoracica Propolis |
| title_fullStr | 2023_Characterization of Chemical Compounds and Biological Activities of Geniotrigona Thoracica Propolis |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2023_Characterization of Chemical Compounds and Biological Activities of Geniotrigona Thoracica Propolis |
| title_short | 2023_Characterization of Chemical Compounds and Biological Activities of Geniotrigona Thoracica Propolis |
| title_sort | 2023_characterization of chemical compounds and biological activities of geniotrigona thoracica propolis |