2023_Modeling of Ulf Pulsation As Earthquake Precursor Based On Solar Wind Parameters and Geomagnetic Storm Index
| Format: | General Document |
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| building | INTELEK Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| collectionurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 |
| copyright | Copyright©PWB2025 |
| country | Malaysia |
| date | 2023-12-13 16:57 |
| format | General Document |
| id | 15328 |
| institution | UniSZA |
| originalfilename | MODELING OF ULF PULSATION AS EARTHQUAKE PRECURSOR BASED ON SOLAR WIND PARAMETERS AND GEOMAGNETIC STORM INDEX |
| person | PDFsam Basic v4.2.10 Sharifah Nurul Aisyah Syed Zafar |
| recordtype | oai_dc |
| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15328 |
| sourcemedia | Server storage Scanned document |
| spelling | 15328 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15328 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 General Document Malaysia Library Staff (Top Management) Library Staff (Management) Library Staff (Support) Terengganu English UniSZA East Coast Environmental Research Institute application/pdf 1.5 PDFsam Basic v4.2.10 Space weather Server storage Scanned document Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UniSZA Private Access Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin SAMBox 2.3.4; modified using iTextSharp™ 5.5.10 ©2000-2016 iText Group NV (AGPL-version) 2023-12-13 16:57 MODELING OF ULF PULSATION AS EARTHQUAKE PRECURSOR BASED ON SOLAR WIND PARAMETERS AND GEOMAGNETIC STORM INDEX 172 2023_Modeling of Ulf Pulsation As Earthquake Precursor Based On Solar Wind Parameters and Geomagnetic Storm Index Copyright©PWB2025 Sharifah Nurul Aisyah Syed Zafar Ulf Pulsation Earthquake Precursor Solar Wind Parameters Geomagnetic Storm Index Ultra-low frequency waves (Geophysics) Geomagnetic pulsations Earthquake precursors Solar wind Geomagnetic storms Magnetosphere—Mathematical models Geophysics—Mathematical models Seismology—Remote sensing The physical destruction and fatalities caused by earthquake events has compelled scientists to develop a method for predicting Earthquakes. It is almost impossible to detect earthquake events due to limited seismometer sensitivity; therefore, a nonseismological predictor was established by using the Ultra-Low Frequency (ULF) magnetic field as a potential earthquake precursor. ULF wave pulsation (Pc) of less than 1 Hz is considered the most promising band in earthquake precursory research because it can propagate and penetrate deeper underground owing to its high skin depth. ULF waves respond to magnetic activity transferred to Earth by solar winds, which affects the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and lithosphere, and thus contribute to seismicity. As therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the relationship of ULF Pc4 and Pc5 with solar wind (SW) parameters (IMF-Bz, Vsw, Psw, IEsw) and geomagnetic storm (SYM/H) prior to earthquake events. In addition, the ULF earthquake precursor model in solar wind parameters and geomagnetic storm will be developed. The graphical representation of the relationship between Pc4 and Pc5 and solar wind parameters and geomagnetic storm prior to earthquake events is performed in order to analyse the variation of Pc4 -Pc5 in solar wind parameters and geomagnetic storm at low latitude. The statistical correlation analysis is used to evaluate the correlation strength between ULF Pc4 and Pc5 pulsation, SW parameters, and geomagnetic storm prior to an earthquake event (magnitude, M = 3.0-6.0, depth, d < 100km, epicentre distance from magnetometer station, r < 100km). Through a multiple regression modelled approach, the ULF earthquake precursor model in SW parameters and geomagnetic storm is developed. The SW parameters and geomagnetic storm were obtained from OMNIWeb, where ULF (Pc4 - Pc5) were computed from the magnetometer Davao (DAV) station (Philippines) (7.00oN, 125.40oE) located in a low latitude region. The SW parameters and geomagnetic storm have a significant moderate and high correlated with Pc4 and Pc5. Excluding IEsw derived the weak correlation. The ULF Pc5 band demonstrated the best fit for the ULF earthquake precursor model in relation to solar wind parameters (Bz, Vsw, Psw, IEsw) and geomagnetic storm (SYM/H) with R2 and R2-adjusted values of (R2=0.4620, R2-adj=.4420). The Vsw, Psw and SYM/H are the factors for the ULF Pc5 model as determined by the stepwise regression method. As a result, the ULF earthquake precursor model is generated. This ULF earthquake precursor model is intended to address the problem seismologists face when predicting seismic events by assisting in locating the most effective EM-ULF wave bands in solar-terrestrial activities for detecting seismic events. Thus, the development of earthquake precursors has the potential to help mitigate earthquake hazard, thereby protecting human lives and infrastructure from the devastation caused by earthquakes. Dissertations, Academic Thesis |
| spellingShingle | 2023_Modeling of Ulf Pulsation As Earthquake Precursor Based On Solar Wind Parameters and Geomagnetic Storm Index |
| state | Terengganu |
| subject | Space weather Ultra-low frequency waves (Geophysics) Geomagnetic pulsations Earthquake precursors Solar wind Geomagnetic storms Magnetosphere—Mathematical models Geophysics—Mathematical models Seismology—Remote sensing Dissertations, Academic |
| summary | The physical destruction and fatalities caused by earthquake events has compelled scientists to develop a method for predicting Earthquakes. It is almost impossible to detect earthquake events due to limited seismometer sensitivity; therefore, a nonseismological predictor was established by using the Ultra-Low Frequency (ULF) magnetic field as a potential earthquake precursor. ULF wave pulsation (Pc) of less than 1 Hz is considered the most promising band in earthquake precursory research because it can propagate and penetrate deeper underground owing to its high skin depth. ULF waves respond to magnetic activity transferred to Earth by solar winds, which affects the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and lithosphere, and thus contribute to seismicity. As therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the relationship of ULF Pc4 and Pc5 with solar wind (SW) parameters (IMF-Bz, Vsw, Psw, IEsw) and geomagnetic storm (SYM/H) prior to earthquake events. In addition, the ULF earthquake precursor model in solar wind parameters and geomagnetic storm will be developed. The graphical representation of the relationship between Pc4 and Pc5 and solar wind parameters and geomagnetic storm prior to earthquake events is performed in order to analyse the variation of Pc4 -Pc5 in solar wind parameters and geomagnetic storm at low latitude. The statistical correlation analysis is used to evaluate the correlation strength between ULF Pc4 and Pc5 pulsation, SW parameters, and geomagnetic storm prior to an earthquake event (magnitude, M = 3.0-6.0, depth, d < 100km, epicentre distance from magnetometer station, r < 100km). Through a multiple regression modelled approach, the ULF earthquake precursor model in SW parameters and geomagnetic storm is developed. The SW parameters and geomagnetic storm were obtained from OMNIWeb, where ULF (Pc4 - Pc5) were computed from the magnetometer Davao (DAV) station (Philippines) (7.00oN, 125.40oE) located in a low latitude region. The SW parameters and geomagnetic storm have a significant moderate and high correlated with Pc4 and Pc5. Excluding IEsw derived the weak correlation. The ULF Pc5 band demonstrated the best fit for the ULF earthquake precursor model in relation to solar wind parameters (Bz, Vsw, Psw, IEsw) and geomagnetic storm (SYM/H) with R2 and R2-adjusted values of (R2=0.4620, R2-adj=.4420). The Vsw, Psw and SYM/H are the factors for the ULF Pc5 model as determined by the stepwise regression method. As a result, the ULF earthquake precursor model is generated. This ULF earthquake precursor model is intended to address the problem seismologists face when predicting seismic events by assisting in locating the most effective EM-ULF wave bands in solar-terrestrial activities for detecting seismic events. Thus, the development of earthquake precursors has the potential to help mitigate earthquake hazard, thereby protecting human lives and infrastructure from the devastation caused by earthquakes. |
| title | 2023_Modeling of Ulf Pulsation As Earthquake Precursor Based On Solar Wind Parameters and Geomagnetic Storm Index |
| title_full | 2023_Modeling of Ulf Pulsation As Earthquake Precursor Based On Solar Wind Parameters and Geomagnetic Storm Index |
| title_fullStr | 2023_Modeling of Ulf Pulsation As Earthquake Precursor Based On Solar Wind Parameters and Geomagnetic Storm Index |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2023_Modeling of Ulf Pulsation As Earthquake Precursor Based On Solar Wind Parameters and Geomagnetic Storm Index |
| title_short | 2023_Modeling of Ulf Pulsation As Earthquake Precursor Based On Solar Wind Parameters and Geomagnetic Storm Index |
| title_sort | 2023_modeling of ulf pulsation as earthquake precursor based on solar wind parameters and geomagnetic storm index |