2018_Development of Biomass-Derived Solid Acid Calyst For Microalgae Biodiesel Production
| Format: | General Document |
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| _version_ | 1860797988894408704 |
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| building | INTELEK Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| collectionurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 |
| copyright | Copyright©PWB2025 |
| country | Malaysia |
| date | 2018-08-12 16:19 |
| format | General Document |
| id | 15303 |
| institution | UniSZA |
| originalfilename | DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMASS-DERIVED SOLID ACID CALYST FOR MICROALGAE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION |
| person | PDFsam Basic v4.2.10 Sharifah Hanis Yasmin Sayid Abdullah |
| recordtype | oai_dc |
| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15303 |
| sourcemedia | Server storage Scanned document |
| spelling | 15303 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15303 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 General Document Malaysia Library Staff (Top Management) Library Staff (Management) Library Staff (Support) Terengganu English UniSZA East Coast Environmental Research Institute application/pdf 1.5 PDFsam Basic v4.2.10 Server storage Scanned document Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UniSZA Private Access Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin SAMBox 2.3.4; modified using iTextSharp™ 5.5.10 ©2000-2016 iText Group NV (AGPL-version) DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMASS-DERIVED SOLID ACID CALYST FOR MICROALGAE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION 250 2018_Development of Biomass-Derived Solid Acid Calyst For Microalgae Biodiesel Production Copyright©PWB2025 Sharifah Hanis Yasmin Sayid Abdullah 2018-08-12 16:19 Biomass-Derived Solid Acid Calyst Microalgae Biodiesel Biomass energy Biodiesel fuels—Production Microalgae—Biotechnology Catalysts Acid catalysts Biomass chemicals Renewable energy sources Green chemistry Biofuels—Research Sustainable chemistry Biodiesel is mostly produced using transesterification reaction of plant oil with methanol in the presence of catalyst. Homogeneous alkali catalysts are widely chosen for biodiesel production in large scale operation. However, they are toxic, produce soaps as by-product and generate high volume of wastewater. Solid acid catalysts derived from biomass are capable to overcome these problems. It offers several advantages including renewable resources, non-toxic, reusable and high catalytic activity. Hence, this study aims to develop solid acid catalyst from biomass for biodiesel production. Three types of indigenous biomass were selected including oil palm frond, coconut shell and groundnut shell. The solid acid catalysts were prepared by series of incomplete carbonization and sulfonation using concentrated sulfuric acid. Then, they were subjected to characterization study including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface area analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), acid density and catalytic activity. Results showed that coconut shell derived solid acid catalyst (SAC CS) presented highest catalytic performance with more than 80% biodiesel conversion when compared to oil palm frond-derived solid acid catalyst (SAC OPF) and groundnut shell-derived solid acid catalyst (SAC GS). Hence, SAC CS was selected for optimization study to determine the optimal catalyst preparation conditions. Further application of SAC CS was studied in in-situ transesterification of microalgae biomass. For catalyst preparation process, the optimal points were as follows: carbonization temperature (469 °C), carbonization time (3.3 h), sulfonation temperature (99.14 °C) and sulfonation time (7.11 h). ANOVA analysis confirmed the adequacy of regression model indicated by R2 of 0.9121 and p value <0.0001. Optimization study was carried out to investigate the effect of reaction condition on biodiesel yield and the optimal points were as follows: methanol content (7.61 mL), catalyst dosage (16.9 wt%), co-solvent content (4 mL) and reaction temperature (68.21 °C). R2 value of 0.9178 and p value <0.0001 confirmed the adequacy of model by ANOVA analysis. Kinetic evaluation of the in-situ microalgae transesterification found that the reaction followed pseudo-first order reaction with low activation energy and Arrhenius constant of 46.94 kJ/mol and 2.9068 x 104 min-1 respectively. Biodiesel produced using SAC CS displayed excellent properties with density of 0.8953 g/cm3, kinematic viscosity of 5.726 mm2/s and cetane number of 50.7. The results of this study aim to contribute in the green catalyst development towards ironmentally safe and sustainable biodiesel processing. Dissertations, Academic Thesis |
| spellingShingle | 2018_Development of Biomass-Derived Solid Acid Calyst For Microalgae Biodiesel Production |
| state | Terengganu |
| subject | Biomass energy Biodiesel fuels—Production Microalgae—Biotechnology Catalysts Acid catalysts Biomass chemicals Renewable energy sources Green chemistry Biofuels—Research Sustainable chemistry Dissertations, Academic |
| summary | Biodiesel is mostly produced using transesterification reaction of plant oil with methanol in the presence of catalyst. Homogeneous alkali catalysts are widely chosen for biodiesel production in large scale operation. However, they are toxic, produce soaps as by-product and generate high volume of wastewater. Solid acid catalysts derived from biomass are capable to overcome these problems. It offers several advantages including renewable resources, non-toxic, reusable and high catalytic activity. Hence, this study aims to develop solid acid catalyst from biomass for biodiesel production. Three types of indigenous biomass were selected including oil palm frond, coconut shell and groundnut shell. The solid acid catalysts were prepared by series of incomplete carbonization and sulfonation using concentrated sulfuric acid. Then, they were subjected to characterization study including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface area analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), acid density and catalytic activity. Results showed that coconut shell derived solid acid catalyst (SAC CS) presented highest catalytic performance with more than 80% biodiesel conversion when compared to oil palm frond-derived solid acid catalyst (SAC OPF) and groundnut shell-derived solid acid catalyst (SAC GS). Hence, SAC CS was selected for optimization study to determine the optimal catalyst preparation conditions. Further application of SAC CS was studied in in-situ transesterification of microalgae biomass. For catalyst preparation process, the optimal points were as follows: carbonization temperature (469 °C), carbonization time (3.3 h), sulfonation temperature (99.14 °C) and sulfonation time (7.11 h). ANOVA analysis confirmed the adequacy of regression model indicated by R2 of 0.9121 and p value <0.0001. Optimization study was carried out to investigate the effect of reaction condition on biodiesel yield and the optimal points were as follows: methanol content (7.61 mL), catalyst dosage (16.9 wt%), co-solvent content (4 mL) and reaction temperature (68.21 °C). R2 value of 0.9178 and p value <0.0001 confirmed the adequacy of model by ANOVA analysis. Kinetic evaluation of the in-situ microalgae transesterification found that the reaction followed pseudo-first order reaction with low activation energy and Arrhenius constant of 46.94 kJ/mol and 2.9068 x 104 min-1 respectively. Biodiesel produced using SAC CS displayed excellent properties with density of 0.8953 g/cm3, kinematic viscosity of 5.726 mm2/s and cetane number of 50.7. The results of this study aim to contribute in the green catalyst development towards ironmentally safe and sustainable biodiesel processing. |
| title | 2018_Development of Biomass-Derived Solid Acid Calyst For Microalgae Biodiesel Production |
| title_full | 2018_Development of Biomass-Derived Solid Acid Calyst For Microalgae Biodiesel Production |
| title_fullStr | 2018_Development of Biomass-Derived Solid Acid Calyst For Microalgae Biodiesel Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2018_Development of Biomass-Derived Solid Acid Calyst For Microalgae Biodiesel Production |
| title_short | 2018_Development of Biomass-Derived Solid Acid Calyst For Microalgae Biodiesel Production |
| title_sort | 2018_development of biomass-derived solid acid calyst for microalgae biodiesel production |