2020_Assessment of Municipal Water Quality From Water Treatment Plants In Selangor
| Format: | General Document |
|---|
| _version_ | 1860797986557132800 |
|---|---|
| building | INTELEK Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| collectionurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 |
| copyright | Copyright©PWB2025 |
| country | Malaysia |
| date | 2021-04-04 16:04 |
| format | General Document |
| id | 15287 |
| institution | UniSZA |
| originalfilename | ASSESSMENT OF MUNICIPAL WATER QUALITY FROM WATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN SELANGOR |
| person | PDFsam Basic v4.2.10 Manutha Appa Rwoo |
| recordtype | oai_dc |
| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15287 |
| sourcemedia | Server storage Scanned document |
| spelling | 15287 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15287 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection3 General Document Malaysia Library Staff (Top Management) Library Staff (Management) Library Staff (Support) Terengganu English UniSZA East Coast Environmental Research Institute application/pdf 1.5 PDFsam Basic v4.2.10 217 Server storage Scanned document Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UniSZA Private Access Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin SAMBox 2.3.4; modified using iTextSharp™ 5.5.10 ©2000-2016 iText Group NV (AGPL-version) 2021-04-04 16:04 ASSESSMENT OF MUNICIPAL WATER QUALITY FROM WATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN SELANGOR 2020_Assessment of Municipal Water Quality From Water Treatment Plants In Selangor Copyright©PWB2025 Manutha Appa Rwoo Municipal Water Quality Water Treatment Plants Selangor Water quality—Malaysia—Selangor Municipal water supply—Malaysia—Selangor—Quality control Water treatment plants—Malaysia—Selangor—Evaluation Drinking water—Standards—Malaysia—Selangor. Water purification—Malaysia—Selangor From the past until present there are several water epidemics of waterborne diseases caused by inefficient water treatment system. The increase in population growth and rapid urbanization has imposed a high impact on the global municipal water resources. Therefore, water security is a concern in the present. Eventhough the government has introduced the Environmental Quality Act (EQA) in 1974, the water quality in Malaysia is still deteriorating. The main pollution factors are the point source and non-point source in the water bodies. The study classified the quality of municipal water supply using multivariate health risk assessment and techniques for biochemical and heavy metal parameters at 28 water treatment plants in Selangor from 2009 to 2012. Health risk assessment (mg/kg/day) for the 7 heavy metals was conducted by calculating the Hazard Quotient indexes for infants, children and adult categories. HACA, DA and PCA has been used to classify the water treatment plants to obtain the clearest picture of the municipal water supply status. Health risk assessment (mg/kg day) for heavy metal content in treated municipal water indicates selenium is at the boundary of higher risk levels for infants at 0.80 mg/kg/day level, but a potential risk for children and adults at 1.40 mg/kg/day level and 6.40 mg/kg/day. Zinc concentrations indicate a high risk of exposure for infants, children and adults at 1.57mg/kg/ day, 2.84mg/kg/day and 62.20mg/kg/day for zinc. HACA grouped the 28 monitoring stations into three different clusters based on their similarities namely good municipal water water quality (GMWQ), medium municipal water quality (MMWQ) and low municipal water quality (LMWQ). The 31 water quality parameters for treated water (TC, Turbidity, Colour, pH, Temperature, TDS, Residual Cl, Cl, NH3-N, NO3-N, Fe, F, Hardness, Al, Mn, Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Na, SO4, Se, Mg, Ag, CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl, CHCl3, CHBr3) which gave the highest variations were determined using the Discriminant Analysis (DA). The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) managed to determine the source of pollution for the 3 regions. Pollution in the LMWQ and MMWQ regions can be attributed largely to anthropogenic factors which involve industrial areas, domestic, commercial, biological contamination and agricultural-runoff. The HQ index for the 7 heavy metal parameters, namely, Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Zn and Se were considered. The concentration of arsenic indicates a higher exposure risk for children. The high exposure risk of lead, selenium and chromium was observed in adults. There is a high exposure risk for selenium in children. Nevertheless, the HQ index values of mercury and cadmium was observed to be within the safe limit for infants, children and adults. There was potential for adverse health effects from heavy metal intake in municipal water. However, it was necessary for some action to be taken in order to reduce heavy metal levels found in municipal water in the water treatment plants. Water quality modeling has been identified as one of the methods which has the potential to effectively assist this endeavour. The identification and classification of different region by this study will help the local authorities make better and more informed decisions about the improvement in municipal water water quality for the future. Dissertations, Academic Thesis |
| spellingShingle | 2020_Assessment of Municipal Water Quality From Water Treatment Plants In Selangor |
| state | Terengganu |
| subject | Water quality—Malaysia—Selangor Municipal water supply—Malaysia—Selangor—Quality control Water treatment plants—Malaysia—Selangor—Evaluation Drinking water—Standards—Malaysia—Selangor. Water purification—Malaysia—Selangor Dissertations, Academic |
| summary | From the past until present there are several water epidemics of waterborne diseases caused by inefficient water treatment system. The increase in population growth and rapid urbanization has imposed a high impact on the global municipal water resources. Therefore, water security is a concern in the present. Eventhough the government has introduced the Environmental Quality Act (EQA) in 1974, the water quality in Malaysia is still deteriorating. The main pollution factors are the point source and non-point source in the water bodies. The study classified the quality of municipal water supply using multivariate health risk assessment and techniques for biochemical and heavy metal parameters at 28 water treatment plants in Selangor from 2009 to 2012. Health risk assessment (mg/kg/day) for the 7 heavy metals was conducted by calculating the Hazard Quotient indexes for infants, children and adult categories. HACA, DA and PCA has been used to classify the water treatment plants to obtain the clearest picture of the municipal water supply status. Health risk assessment (mg/kg day) for heavy metal content in treated municipal water indicates selenium is at the boundary of higher risk levels for infants at 0.80 mg/kg/day level, but a potential risk for children and adults at 1.40 mg/kg/day level and 6.40 mg/kg/day. Zinc concentrations indicate a high risk of exposure for infants, children and adults at 1.57mg/kg/ day, 2.84mg/kg/day and 62.20mg/kg/day for zinc. HACA grouped the 28 monitoring stations into three different clusters based on their similarities namely good municipal water water quality (GMWQ), medium municipal water quality (MMWQ) and low municipal water quality (LMWQ). The 31 water quality parameters for treated water (TC, Turbidity, Colour, pH, Temperature, TDS, Residual Cl, Cl, NH3-N, NO3-N, Fe, F, Hardness, Al, Mn, Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Na, SO4, Se, Mg, Ag, CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl, CHCl3, CHBr3) which gave the highest variations were determined using the Discriminant Analysis (DA). The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) managed to determine the source of pollution for the 3 regions. Pollution in the LMWQ and MMWQ regions can be attributed largely to anthropogenic factors which involve industrial areas, domestic, commercial, biological contamination and agricultural-runoff. The HQ index for the 7 heavy metal parameters, namely, Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Zn and Se were considered. The concentration of arsenic indicates a higher exposure risk for children. The high exposure risk of lead, selenium and chromium was observed in adults. There is a high exposure risk for selenium in children. Nevertheless, the HQ index values of mercury and cadmium was observed to be within the safe limit for infants, children and adults. There was potential for adverse health effects from heavy metal intake in municipal water. However, it was necessary for some action to be taken in order to reduce heavy metal levels found in municipal water in the water treatment plants. Water quality modeling has been identified as one of the methods which has the potential to effectively assist this endeavour. The identification and classification of different region by this study will help the local authorities make better and more informed decisions about the improvement in municipal water water quality for the future. |
| title | 2020_Assessment of Municipal Water Quality From Water Treatment Plants In Selangor |
| title_full | 2020_Assessment of Municipal Water Quality From Water Treatment Plants In Selangor |
| title_fullStr | 2020_Assessment of Municipal Water Quality From Water Treatment Plants In Selangor |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2020_Assessment of Municipal Water Quality From Water Treatment Plants In Selangor |
| title_short | 2020_Assessment of Municipal Water Quality From Water Treatment Plants In Selangor |
| title_sort | 2020_assessment of municipal water quality from water treatment plants in selangor |