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Restricted Document
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15184
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UniSZA
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1. Victoriano AFB, Smythe LD, Glorianin-Barzaga N, Cavinta LL, Kasai TK, Limpakarnjanarat K, Ong BL, Gyanendra G, Julie H, Caroline AC, Yasutake Y, Yoshida S, Alder B. Leptospirosis in the Asia Pacific region. BMC Infectious Diseases. 9(147); 2009: Available from: URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com/ content/pdf/1471-2334-9-147.pdf 2. Biswas A, Kumar R, Chaterjee A, Pan A. A case of leptospirosis in a child with unusual clinical manifestation. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal. 8 (2); 2012: 37-41. Available from: URL: http://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JCMSN/article/view File/6836/5544 3. Vein J, Perrin A, Berny PJ, Benoit E, Leblond A, Kodjo A. Adaptation of a real-time PCR method for the detection and quantification of pathogenic leptospires in environmental water. Can J Microbiol. 58(7); 2012: 828-835. doi: 10.1139/w2012- 060. Epub 2012 Jun 14. Available from URL: https://www. researchgate.net/publication/225373504_Adaptation_of_a_real- time_PCR_method_for_the_detection_and_quantification_of_pat hogenic_leptospires_in_environmental_water 4. Forouhar E, Mitsani D. Sporadic urban leptospirosis. Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives. 1 (1); 2011: 7042. DOI: 10.3402/jchimp.v1i1.7042. Available from: URL: http://www.jchimp.net/index.php/jchimp/article/download/ 7042/pdf_139 5. Peter S, Rudy H. Leptospirosis. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine 17th Edition, 2008 164: 1199-1202. 6. Faines S. Guidelines for control of leptospirosis. Geneva, World Health Organisation offset Publication 1982; 67. Available from: URL: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/offset/WHO_OFFSET_67_(p1- p98).pdf 7. Unchalee T, Chanchai T, Duangporn P, Charnchudhi C. Duplex PCR-Hybridization Based Detection of Pathogenic Leptospira In Environmental Water Samples Obtained From Endemic Areas In Northeast Region Of Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 37(4); 2006: 729-741. 8. Narita M, Fujitani S, Haake DA, Paterson DL. Leptospirosis after recreational exposure to water in the Yaeyama islands, Japan. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 73(4); 2005: 652-6. Available from: URL: http://www.ajtmh.org/content/73/4/652.full.pdf+html 9. El-Jalii IM, Bahaman AR. A review of human leptospirosis in Malaysia. Trop Biomed. 21; 2004:113-119. Available from: URL: http://www.msptm.org/files/Leptospirosis_Review_ Humans_Isam_2.pdf 10. How SH, Ng KH, Jamalludin AR, Shah A, Rathor Y. Melioidosis in Pahang. Med J Malaysia. 2005; 60 (5): 606-13. Available from: URL: http://www.e-mjm.org/2005/v60n5/Melioidosis_ Pahang.pdf 11. Sapian M, Khairi MT, How SH, Rajalingam R, Sahhir K, Norazah A, Khebir V, Jamalludin AR. Outbreak of Melioidosis and Leptospirosis Co-infection Following a Rescue Operation. Med J Malaysia. 67 (3); 2012: 293-297. Available from: URL: http://www.e-mjm.org/2012/v67n3/Melioidosis-andLeptospirosis.pdf 12. Ariyapruchya B, Sungkanuparph S, Dumrongkitchaiporn S. Clinical presentation and medical complication in 59 cases of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis in Bangkok. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 34(1); 2003: 159-64. 13. Weese JS, Peregrine AS, Armstrong J. Occupational health and safety in small animal veterinary practice: Part I — Nonparasitic zoonotic diseases. Can Vet J. 43(8); 2002; 631–636. PMCID: PMC339409. Available from: URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC339409/pdf/20020800s00035p631.pdf 14. Johnson RC, Harris VG. Differentiation of Pathogenic and Saprophytic Leptospires I. Growth at Low Temperatures. J Bacteriol. 94(1); 1967: 27–31. Available from: URL: http://jb.asm.org/content/94/1/27.full.pdf 15. Issazadeh K, Amirmozaffari N, Mehrabian S, Oryan S. Assessment of Distribution Leptospira spp. in Surface Waters of Guilan Province. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research. 3(2); 2008: 147-152. Available from: URL: http://www.idosi.org/aejsr/3(2)08/6.pdf 16. Gravekamp C, Van de Kemp H, Franzen M, Carrington D, Schoone GJ, Van Eys GJ, Everard CO, Hartskeerl RA, Terpstra WJ. Detection of seven species of pathogenic leptospires by PCR using two sets of primers. J Gen Microbiol. 139(8); 1993: 1691- 1700. Available from: URL: http://mic.sgmjournals.org/ content/139/8/1691.long 17. Ridzlan FR, Bahaman AR, Khairani-Bejo S, Mutalib AR. Detection of pathogenic Leptospira from selected environment in Kelantan dan Terengganu, Malaysia. Trop Biomed. 27(3); 2010: 632-8. Available from: URL: http://www.msptm.org/files/632_- _638_Ridzlan_FR.pdf 18. Wilson R, Fujioka R. Development of a method to selectively isolate pathogenic Leptospira from environmental samples. Water Science and Technology. 5-6; 1995: 275–282. 19. Picardeau M, Bulach DM, Bouchier C, Zuerner RL, Zidane N, Wilson PJ, Creno S, Kuczek ES, Bommezzadri S, Davis JC, McGrath A, Johnson MJ, Boursaux-Eude C, Seemann T, ´ Rouy Z, Coppel RL, , Rood JI, Lajus AL, Davies JK, Me ´digue C, Adler B. Genome Sequence of the Saprophyte Leptospira biflexa Provides Insights into the Evolution of Leptospira and the Pathogenesis of Leptospirosis. PLoS ONE. 3 (2); 2008: e1607. Available from: URL: http://www.plosone.org/article/fetch Object.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.000 1607&representation=PDF 20. Muñoz-Zanzi C, Mason MR, Encina C, Astroza A, Romero A. Leptospira Contamination in Household and Environmental Water in Rural Communities in Southern Chile. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 11(7); 2014: 6666–6680. doi: 10.3390/ijerph110706666. PMCID: PMC4113836. Available from: URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC4113836/pdf/ijerph-11-06666.pdf 21. Yasouri SR, R. Moghadam RG, Ghane M. Identification of Pathogenic and Saprophytic Leptospira spp from the Rice Fields of Tonekabon Township Using PCR Technique. Advanced Studies in Biology. 5 (10); 2013: 437-445. Available from: URL: http://m-hikari.com/asb/asb2013/asb9-12-2013/ghane ASB9-12-2013.pdf 22. Trueba G, Zapata S, Madrid K, Cullen P, Haake D. Cell aggregation: a mechanism of pathogenic Leptospirato survive in fresh water. Int Microbiol. 7; 2004: 35-40. Available from: URL: http://www.im.microbios.org/25march04/06%20Trueba.pdf 23. Diesch SL, McCulloch WF. Isolation of pathogenic leptospires from waters used for recreation. Public Health Rep. 81(4); 1966: 299–304. PMCID: PMC1919800. Available from: URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1919800/pdf/pub healthreporig00040-0005.pdf 24. Braun JL, McCulloch WF. Use of 8-azaguanine to differentiate leptospires isolated from Iowa surface waters. Appl Microbiol. 16(1); 1968: 174–175. PMCID: PMC547355. Available from: URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC547355/ pdf/applmicro00237-0196.pdf 25. Ganoza CA, Matthias MA, Collins-Richards D, Brouwer KC, Cunningham CB, Segura ER, Gilman RH, Gotuzzo E, Vinetz JM. Determining Risk for Severe Leptospirosis by Molecular Analysis of Environmental Surface Waters for Pathogenic Leptospira. PLoS Medicine. 3 (8); 2006: 1329-1340. Available from: URL: http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/ pdfviewer?sid=898c0c49-b110-4524-a60f77d51bc6f395%40sessionmgr114&vid=0&hid=119 26. Schneider MC, Jancloes M, Buss DF, Aldighieri S, Bertherat E, Najera P, Galan DI, Durski K, Espinal MA. Leptospirosis: A silent epidemic disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 10; 2013:7229–7234. doi:10.3390/ijerph101207229 Available from: URL: http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/12/7229#tabs-5 27. Abela-Ridder B, Sikkema R, Hartskeerl RA. Estimating the burden of human leptospirosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 36; 2010: S5–S7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.012. Available from: URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0924857910002530
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15184 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=15184 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection407072 Restricted Document Article Journal application/pdf Adobe Acrobat Pro DC 20 Paper Capture Plug-in with ClearScan 6 1.7 2024-08-30 10:07:31 5653-01-FH02-FP-15-03039.pdf UniSZA Private Access A Study on the Presence of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. in Environmental Water Samples Obtained from Selected Recreational Areas in Terengganu, Malaysia Research J. Pharm. and Tech Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution. It is endemic in Malaysia and is caused by infection with pathogenic Leptospira species. Leptospires can survive in water for many months hence water is an important vehicle in their transmission. Recreational activities such as swimming, fishing, canoeing and rafting place a person at risk for the infection. The objective of this study was to detect the presence of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in environmental water samples obtained from selected recreational areas in Terengganu. A total of 40 water samples (2000 ml) were collected from two recreational areas in north Terengganu namely Lata Tembakah and Lata Belatan Waterfalls. The samples were inoculated into modified semisolid Ellinghausen McCullough Johnson Harris (EMJH) media, incubated at 30°C for one month and examined under the dark-field microscope. Positive growth for the pathogenic leptospires was then confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay using G1/G2 primers. Pathogenic leptospires were detected in both recreational areas, 5% (1 out of 20) samples and 10% (2 out of 20) samples from Lata Tembakah Waterfall and Lata Belatan Waterfall respectively and were confirmed positive for the presence of pathogenic leptospires. As a conclusion, pathogenic leptospires were detected at two recreational areas in Terengganu and this would pose a risk of infection to human and lead to leptospirosis outbreak. Therefore, based on the result of this study, precautionary steps should be taken by responsible authorities to prevent human infection or leptospirosis outbreak. 7 10 1153-1157 1. Victoriano AFB, Smythe LD, Glorianin-Barzaga N, Cavinta LL, Kasai TK, Limpakarnjanarat K, Ong BL, Gyanendra G, Julie H, Caroline AC, Yasutake Y, Yoshida S, Alder B. Leptospirosis in the Asia Pacific region. BMC Infectious Diseases. 9(147); 2009: Available from: URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com/ content/pdf/1471-2334-9-147.pdf 2. Biswas A, Kumar R, Chaterjee A, Pan A. A case of leptospirosis in a child with unusual clinical manifestation. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal. 8 (2); 2012: 37-41. Available from: URL: http://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JCMSN/article/view File/6836/5544 3. Vein J, Perrin A, Berny PJ, Benoit E, Leblond A, Kodjo A. Adaptation of a real-time PCR method for the detection and quantification of pathogenic leptospires in environmental water. Can J Microbiol. 58(7); 2012: 828-835. doi: 10.1139/w2012- 060. Epub 2012 Jun 14. Available from URL: https://www. researchgate.net/publication/225373504_Adaptation_of_a_real- time_PCR_method_for_the_detection_and_quantification_of_pat hogenic_leptospires_in_environmental_water 4. Forouhar E, Mitsani D. Sporadic urban leptospirosis. Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives. 1 (1); 2011: 7042. DOI: 10.3402/jchimp.v1i1.7042. Available from: URL: http://www.jchimp.net/index.php/jchimp/article/download/ 7042/pdf_139 5. Peter S, Rudy H. Leptospirosis. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine 17th Edition, 2008 164: 1199-1202. 6. Faines S. Guidelines for control of leptospirosis. Geneva, World Health Organisation offset Publication 1982; 67. Available from: URL: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/offset/WHO_OFFSET_67_(p1- p98).pdf 7. Unchalee T, Chanchai T, Duangporn P, Charnchudhi C. Duplex PCR-Hybridization Based Detection of Pathogenic Leptospira In Environmental Water Samples Obtained From Endemic Areas In Northeast Region Of Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 37(4); 2006: 729-741. 8. Narita M, Fujitani S, Haake DA, Paterson DL. Leptospirosis after recreational exposure to water in the Yaeyama islands, Japan. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 73(4); 2005: 652-6. Available from: URL: http://www.ajtmh.org/content/73/4/652.full.pdf+html 9. El-Jalii IM, Bahaman AR. A review of human leptospirosis in Malaysia. Trop Biomed. 21; 2004:113-119. Available from: URL: http://www.msptm.org/files/Leptospirosis_Review_ Humans_Isam_2.pdf 10. How SH, Ng KH, Jamalludin AR, Shah A, Rathor Y. Melioidosis in Pahang. Med J Malaysia. 2005; 60 (5): 606-13. Available from: URL: http://www.e-mjm.org/2005/v60n5/Melioidosis_ Pahang.pdf 11. Sapian M, Khairi MT, How SH, Rajalingam R, Sahhir K, Norazah A, Khebir V, Jamalludin AR. Outbreak of Melioidosis and Leptospirosis Co-infection Following a Rescue Operation. Med J Malaysia. 67 (3); 2012: 293-297. Available from: URL: http://www.e-mjm.org/2012/v67n3/Melioidosis-andLeptospirosis.pdf 12. Ariyapruchya B, Sungkanuparph S, Dumrongkitchaiporn S. Clinical presentation and medical complication in 59 cases of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis in Bangkok. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 34(1); 2003: 159-64. 13. Weese JS, Peregrine AS, Armstrong J. Occupational health and safety in small animal veterinary practice: Part I — Nonparasitic zoonotic diseases. Can Vet J. 43(8); 2002; 631–636. PMCID: PMC339409. Available from: URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC339409/pdf/20020800s00035p631.pdf 14. Johnson RC, Harris VG. Differentiation of Pathogenic and Saprophytic Leptospires I. Growth at Low Temperatures. J Bacteriol. 94(1); 1967: 27–31. Available from: URL: http://jb.asm.org/content/94/1/27.full.pdf 15. Issazadeh K, Amirmozaffari N, Mehrabian S, Oryan S. Assessment of Distribution Leptospira spp. in Surface Waters of Guilan Province. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research. 3(2); 2008: 147-152. Available from: URL: http://www.idosi.org/aejsr/3(2)08/6.pdf 16. Gravekamp C, Van de Kemp H, Franzen M, Carrington D, Schoone GJ, Van Eys GJ, Everard CO, Hartskeerl RA, Terpstra WJ. Detection of seven species of pathogenic leptospires by PCR using two sets of primers. J Gen Microbiol. 139(8); 1993: 1691- 1700. Available from: URL: http://mic.sgmjournals.org/ content/139/8/1691.long 17. Ridzlan FR, Bahaman AR, Khairani-Bejo S, Mutalib AR. Detection of pathogenic Leptospira from selected environment in Kelantan dan Terengganu, Malaysia. Trop Biomed. 27(3); 2010: 632-8. Available from: URL: http://www.msptm.org/files/632_- _638_Ridzlan_FR.pdf 18. Wilson R, Fujioka R. Development of a method to selectively isolate pathogenic Leptospira from environmental samples. Water Science and Technology. 5-6; 1995: 275–282. 19. Picardeau M, Bulach DM, Bouchier C, Zuerner RL, Zidane N, Wilson PJ, Creno S, Kuczek ES, Bommezzadri S, Davis JC, McGrath A, Johnson MJ, Boursaux-Eude C, Seemann T, ´ Rouy Z, Coppel RL, , Rood JI, Lajus AL, Davies JK, Me ´digue C, Adler B. Genome Sequence of the Saprophyte Leptospira biflexa Provides Insights into the Evolution of Leptospira and the Pathogenesis of Leptospirosis. PLoS ONE. 3 (2); 2008: e1607. Available from: URL: http://www.plosone.org/article/fetch Object.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.000 1607&representation=PDF 20. Muñoz-Zanzi C, Mason MR, Encina C, Astroza A, Romero A. Leptospira Contamination in Household and Environmental Water in Rural Communities in Southern Chile. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 11(7); 2014: 6666–6680. doi: 10.3390/ijerph110706666. PMCID: PMC4113836. Available from: URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/ PMC4113836/pdf/ijerph-11-06666.pdf 21. Yasouri SR, R. Moghadam RG, Ghane M. Identification of Pathogenic and Saprophytic Leptospira spp from the Rice Fields of Tonekabon Township Using PCR Technique. Advanced Studies in Biology. 5 (10); 2013: 437-445. Available from: URL: http://m-hikari.com/asb/asb2013/asb9-12-2013/ghane ASB9-12-2013.pdf 22. Trueba G, Zapata S, Madrid K, Cullen P, Haake D. Cell aggregation: a mechanism of pathogenic Leptospirato survive in fresh water. Int Microbiol. 7; 2004: 35-40. Available from: URL: http://www.im.microbios.org/25march04/06%20Trueba.pdf 23. Diesch SL, McCulloch WF. Isolation of pathogenic leptospires from waters used for recreation. Public Health Rep. 81(4); 1966: 299–304. PMCID: PMC1919800. Available from: URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1919800/pdf/pub healthreporig00040-0005.pdf 24. Braun JL, McCulloch WF. Use of 8-azaguanine to differentiate leptospires isolated from Iowa surface waters. Appl Microbiol. 16(1); 1968: 174–175. PMCID: PMC547355. Available from: URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC547355/ pdf/applmicro00237-0196.pdf 25. Ganoza CA, Matthias MA, Collins-Richards D, Brouwer KC, Cunningham CB, Segura ER, Gilman RH, Gotuzzo E, Vinetz JM. Determining Risk for Severe Leptospirosis by Molecular Analysis of Environmental Surface Waters for Pathogenic Leptospira. PLoS Medicine. 3 (8); 2006: 1329-1340. Available from: URL: http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/ pdfviewer?sid=898c0c49-b110-4524-a60f77d51bc6f395%40sessionmgr114&vid=0&hid=119 26. Schneider MC, Jancloes M, Buss DF, Aldighieri S, Bertherat E, Najera P, Galan DI, Durski K, Espinal MA. Leptospirosis: A silent epidemic disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 10; 2013:7229–7234. doi:10.3390/ijerph101207229 Available from: URL: http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/12/7229#tabs-5 27. Abela-Ridder B, Sikkema R, Hartskeerl RA. Estimating the burden of human leptospirosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 36; 2010: S5–S7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.012. Available from: URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0924857910002530
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A Study on the Presence of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. in Environmental Water Samples Obtained from Selected Recreational Areas in Terengganu, Malaysia
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| summary |
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution. It is endemic in Malaysia and is caused by infection with pathogenic Leptospira species. Leptospires can survive in water for many months hence water is an important vehicle in their transmission. Recreational activities such as swimming, fishing, canoeing and rafting place a person at risk for the infection. The objective of this study was to detect the presence of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in environmental water samples obtained from selected recreational areas in Terengganu. A total of 40 water samples (2000 ml) were collected from two recreational areas in north Terengganu namely Lata Tembakah and Lata Belatan Waterfalls. The samples were inoculated into modified semisolid Ellinghausen McCullough Johnson Harris (EMJH) media, incubated at 30°C for one month and examined under the dark-field microscope. Positive growth for the pathogenic leptospires was then confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay using G1/G2 primers. Pathogenic leptospires were detected in both recreational areas, 5% (1 out of 20) samples and 10% (2 out of 20) samples from Lata Tembakah Waterfall and Lata Belatan Waterfall respectively and were confirmed positive for the presence of pathogenic leptospires. As a conclusion, pathogenic leptospires were detected at two recreational areas in Terengganu and this would pose a risk of infection to human and lead to leptospirosis outbreak. Therefore, based on the result of this study, precautionary steps should be taken by responsible authorities to prevent human infection or leptospirosis outbreak.
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| title |
A Study on the Presence of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. in Environmental Water Samples Obtained from Selected Recreational Areas in Terengganu, Malaysia
|
| title_full |
A Study on the Presence of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. in Environmental Water Samples Obtained from Selected Recreational Areas in Terengganu, Malaysia
|
| title_fullStr |
A Study on the Presence of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. in Environmental Water Samples Obtained from Selected Recreational Areas in Terengganu, Malaysia
|
| title_full_unstemmed |
A Study on the Presence of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. in Environmental Water Samples Obtained from Selected Recreational Areas in Terengganu, Malaysia
|
| title_short |
A Study on the Presence of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. in Environmental Water Samples Obtained from Selected Recreational Areas in Terengganu, Malaysia
|
| title_sort |
study on the presence of pathogenic leptospira spp. in environmental water samples obtained from selected recreational areas in terengganu, malaysia
|