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13053
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UniSZA
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Akinwole, A. O., & Faturoti, E. O. (2007). Biological performance of african catfish (clarias gariepinus) cultured in recirculating system in ibadan. Aquacultural Engineering, 36(1), 18-23. doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2006.05.001 Ako, H., & Baker, A. (2009). Small-scale lettuce production with hydroponics or aquaponics. Small-Scale Lettuce Production with Hydroponics Or Aquaponics, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Buzby, K. M., & Lin, L. -. (2014). Scaling aquaponic systems: Balancing plant uptake with fish output. Aquacultural Engineering, 63, 39-44. doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2014.09.002 Cao, L., Wang, W., Yang, Y., Yang, C., Yuan, Z., Xiong, S., & Diana, J. (2007). Environmental impact of aquaculture and countermeasures to aquaculture pollution in china. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 14(7), 452-462. doi:10.1065/espr2007.05.426 Diver, S. (2006). Aquaponics-integration of hydroponics with aquaculture. Aquaponics-Integration of Hydroponics with Aquaculture, , 1-28. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Eaton, A. D., Clesceri, L. S., Rice, E. W., Greenberg, A. E., & Franson, M. A. H. (2005). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Ebeling, J. M., Welsh, C. F., & Rishel, K. L. (2006). Performance evaluation of an inclined belt filter using coagulation/flocculation aids for the removal of suspended solids and phosphorus from microscreen backwash effluent. Aquacultural Engineering, 35(1), 61-77. doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.08.006 Eding, E., & Kamstra, A. (2001). Design and performance of recirculation systems for european eel anguilla anguilla and african catfish clarias gariepinus. Design and Performance of Recirculation Systems for European Eel and African Catfish, , 18-28. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Endut, A., Jusoh, A., & Ali, N. (2014). Nitrogen budget and effluent nitrogen components in aquaponics recirculation system. Desalination and Water Treatment, 52(4-6), 744-752. doi:10.1080/19443994.2013.826336 Endut, A., Jusoh, A., Ali, N., Wan Nik, W. B., & Hassan, A. (2010). A study on the optimal hydraulic loading rate and plant ratios in recirculation aquaponic system. Bioresource Technology, 101(5), 1511-1517. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.040 FAO. (2015). Fishery statistical collections, global aquaculture production. Fishery Statistical Collections: Global Capture Production, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Hargreaves, J. A. (1998). Nitrogen biogeochemistry of aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture, 166(3-4), 181-212. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00298-1 Hu, Z., Lee, J. W., Chandran, K., Kim, S., Brotto, A. C., & Khanal, S. K. (2015). Effect of plant species on nitrogen recovery in aquaponics. Bioresource Technology, 188, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.013 Hu, Z., Lee, J. W., Chandran, K., Kim, S., & Khanal, S. K. (2012). Nitrous oxide (N 2O) emission from aquaculture: A review. Environmental Science and Technology, 46(12), 6470-6480. doi:10.1021/es300110x Hu, Z., Lee, J. W., Chandran, K., Kim, S., Sharma, K., & Khanal, S. K. (2014). Influence of carbohydrate addition on nitrogen transformations and greenhouse gas emissions of intensive aquaculture system. Science of the Total Environment, 470-471, 193-200. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.050 Hutchinson, W., Jeffrey, M., O'Sullivan, D., Casement, D., & Clarke, S. (2004). Recirculating aquaculture systems - minimum standards for design, construction and management. Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Minimum Standards for Design, Construction and Management, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Islam, M. S. (2005). Nitrogen and phosphorus budget in coastal and marine cage aquaculture and impacts of effluent loading on ecosystem: Review and analysis towards model development. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 50(1), 48-61. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.08.008 Jo, J. Y., Ma, J. S., & Kim, I. B. (2000). Comparisons of Four Commonly used Aquatic Plants for Removing Nitrogen Nutrients in the Intensive Bioproduction Korean (IBK) Recirculation Aquaculture System, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Koottatep, T., & Polprasert, C. (1997). Role of plant uptake on nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands located in the tropics. Water Science and Technology, 36(12), 1-8. doi:10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00725-7 Kowalchuk, G. A., & Stephen, J. R. (2001). Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: A model for molecular microbial ecology doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.485 Retrieved from www.scopus.com Lam, S. S., Ambak, M. A., Jusoh, A., & Law, A. T. (2008). Waste excretion of marble goby (oxyeleotris marmorata bleeker) fed with different diets. Aquaculture, 274(1), 49-56. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.11.023 Martins, C. I. M., Eding, E. H., Verdegem, M. C. J., Heinsbroek, L. T. N., Schneider, O., Blancheton, J. P., . . . Verreth, J. A. J. (2010). New developments in recirculating aquaculture systems in europe: A perspective on environmental sustainability. Aquacultural Engineering, 43(3), 83-93. doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2010.09.002 Mavrogianopoulos, G., Vogli, V., & Kyritsis, S. (2002). Use of wastewater as a nutrient solution in a closed gravel hydroponic culture of giant reed (arundo donax). Bioresource Technology, 82(2), 103-107. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00180-8 Mitsch, W. J., & Gosselink, J. G. (2000). Wetlands, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Nelson, E. B. (2004). Microbial dynamics and interactions in the spermosphere doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.42.121603.131041 Retrieved from www.scopus.com Nelson, R. L. (2008). Aquaponic food production: Growing fish and vegetables for food and profit. Aquaponic Food Production, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Olsson, M. O., & Falkengren-Grerup, U. (2000). Potential nitrification as an indicator of preferential uptake of ammonium or nitrate by plants in an oak woodland understorey. Annals of Botany, 85(3), 299-305. doi:10.1006/anbo.1999.1075 Papatryphon, E., Petit, J., Van Der Werf, H. M. G., Sadasivam, K. J., & Claver, K. (2005). Nutrient-balance modeling as a tool for environmental management in aquaculture: The case of trout farming in france. Environmental Management, 35(2), 161-174. doi:10.1007/s00267-004-4020-z Pilinszky, K., Bittsanszky, A., Gyulai, G., & Komives, T. (2015). Plant protection in aquaponic systems - comment on karthikeyan and gopalakrishnan's (2014) "A novel report of phytopathogenic fungi gilbertella persicaria infection on penaeus monodon". Aquaculture, 435, 275-276. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.09.045 Rakocy, J. E., Masser, M. P., & Losordo, T. M. (2006). Recirculating aquaculture tank production systems: Aquaponics-integrating fish and plant culture. SRAC Publication, 454(454), 1-16. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Roosta, H. R. (2014). Effects of foliar spray of K on mint, radish, parsley and coriander plants in aquaponic system. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 37(14), 2236-2254. doi:10.1080/01904167.2014.920385 Roosta, H. R., & Hamidpour, M. (2011). Effects of foliar application of some macro- and micro-nutrients on tomato plants in aquaponic and hydroponic systems. Scientia Horticulturae, 129(3), 396-402. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2011.04.006 Roosta, H. R., & Hamidpour, M. (2013). MINERAL NUTRIENT CONTENT OF TOMATO PLANTS IN AQUAPONIC AND HYDROPONIC SYSTEMS: EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SOME MACRO- AND MICRO-NUTRIENTS. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 36(13), 2070-2083. doi:10.1080/01904167.2013.821707 Roosta, H. R., & Mohsenian, Y. (2015). Alleviation of alkalinity-induced fe deficiency in eggplant (solanum melongena L.) by foliar application of different fe sources in recirculating system. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 38(11), 1768-1786. doi:10.1080/01904167.2015.1061542 Roosta, H. R., & Mohsenian, Y. (2012). Effects of foliar spray of different fe sources on pepper (capsicum annum L.) plants in aquaponic system. Scientia Horticulturae, 146, 182-191. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2012.08.018 Summerfelt, S. T., Sharrer, M. J., Tsukuda, S. M., & Gearheart, M. (2009). Process requirements for achieving full-flow disinfection of recirculating water using ozonation and UV irradiation. Aquacultural Engineering, 40(1), 17-27. doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.10.002 Thoman, E. S., Ingall, E. D., Davis, D. A., & Arnold, C. R. (2001). A nitrogen budget for a closed, recirculating mariculture system. Aquacultural Engineering, 24(3), 195-211. doi:10.1016/S0144-8609(00)00070-4 Tyson, R. V., Treadwel, D. D., & Simonne, E. H. (2011). Opportunities and challenges to sustainability in aquaponic systems. HortTechnology, 21(1), 6-13. doi:10.21273/horttech.21.1.6 Vaillant, N., Monnet, F., Sallanon, H., Coudret, A., & Hitmi, A. (2004). Use of commercial plant species in a hydroponic system to treat domestic wastewaters. Journal of Environmental Quality, 33(2), 695-702. doi:10.2134/jeq2004.6950 Valente, L. M. P., Linares, F., Villanueva, J. L. R., Silva, J. M. G., Espe, M., Escórcio, C., . . . Peleteiro, J. B. (2011). Dietary protein source or energy levels have no major impact on growth performance, nutrient utilisation or flesh fatty acids composition of market-sized senegalese sole. Aquaculture, 318(1-2), 128-137. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.05.026 Verdegem, M. C. J., Bosma, R. H., & Verreth, J. A. J. (2006). Reducing water use for animal production through aquaculture. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 22(1), 101-113. doi:10.1080/07900620500405544 Wik, T. E. I., Lindén, B. T., & Wramner, P. I. (2009). Integrated dynamic aquaculture and wastewater treatment modelling for recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquaculture, 287(3-4), 361-370. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.056
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13053 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=13053 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection491197 Restricted Document Article Journal Deflate/Inflate image/png 1421 797 2024-10-07 12:33 1421x797 7364-01-FH02-ESERI-16-05979.png UniSZA Private Access Balancing of nutrient uptake by water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and mustard green (Brassica juncea) with nutrient production by African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in scaling aquaponic recirculation system Desalination and Water Treatment From both engineering and economic perspectives, goals of an aquaponic recirculation system are keeping a healthy environment for fish and plant, by eliminating toxic metabolites and growth-inhibiting substances. The type and quantity of waste excretions produced by the cultured organisms are also the important considerations, especially in designing the component system. Therefore, to be effective at nutrient removal, aquaponic systems should be sized correctly to balance fish output and nutrient uptake by plants. In this study, the plant component was isolated from the fish rearing operation so that nutrient removal could be evaluated independently. Two leafy green vegetables, i.e. water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and mustard green (Brassica juncea) were selected to evaluate the effectiveness of plant nutrient uptake to balance nutrient production from fish culture. Results indicated that nitrogen utilization efficiencies of water spinach and mustard green were 66.5 and 59.9%, respectively. In addition, water spinach-based aquaponics had better water quality than that of mustard green-based aquaponics, primarily due to its higher root surface area. The growth performance of African catfish showed the feed conversion ratio was in the range 1.18–1.33. The results obtained from this study indicated that both crops have considerable impacts on nutrient removal. 57 60 Taylor and Francis Ltd. 29531-29540 Akinwole, A. O., & Faturoti, E. O. (2007). Biological performance of african catfish (clarias gariepinus) cultured in recirculating system in ibadan. Aquacultural Engineering, 36(1), 18-23. doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2006.05.001 Ako, H., & Baker, A. (2009). Small-scale lettuce production with hydroponics or aquaponics. Small-Scale Lettuce Production with Hydroponics Or Aquaponics, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Buzby, K. M., & Lin, L. -. (2014). Scaling aquaponic systems: Balancing plant uptake with fish output. Aquacultural Engineering, 63, 39-44. doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2014.09.002 Cao, L., Wang, W., Yang, Y., Yang, C., Yuan, Z., Xiong, S., & Diana, J. (2007). Environmental impact of aquaculture and countermeasures to aquaculture pollution in china. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 14(7), 452-462. doi:10.1065/espr2007.05.426 Diver, S. (2006). Aquaponics-integration of hydroponics with aquaculture. Aquaponics-Integration of Hydroponics with Aquaculture, , 1-28. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Eaton, A. D., Clesceri, L. S., Rice, E. W., Greenberg, A. E., & Franson, M. A. H. (2005). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Ebeling, J. M., Welsh, C. F., & Rishel, K. L. (2006). Performance evaluation of an inclined belt filter using coagulation/flocculation aids for the removal of suspended solids and phosphorus from microscreen backwash effluent. Aquacultural Engineering, 35(1), 61-77. doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2005.08.006 Eding, E., & Kamstra, A. (2001). Design and performance of recirculation systems for european eel anguilla anguilla and african catfish clarias gariepinus. Design and Performance of Recirculation Systems for European Eel and African Catfish, , 18-28. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Endut, A., Jusoh, A., & Ali, N. (2014). Nitrogen budget and effluent nitrogen components in aquaponics recirculation system. Desalination and Water Treatment, 52(4-6), 744-752. doi:10.1080/19443994.2013.826336 Endut, A., Jusoh, A., Ali, N., Wan Nik, W. B., & Hassan, A. (2010). A study on the optimal hydraulic loading rate and plant ratios in recirculation aquaponic system. Bioresource Technology, 101(5), 1511-1517. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.040 FAO. (2015). Fishery statistical collections, global aquaculture production. Fishery Statistical Collections: Global Capture Production, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Hargreaves, J. A. (1998). Nitrogen biogeochemistry of aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture, 166(3-4), 181-212. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00298-1 Hu, Z., Lee, J. W., Chandran, K., Kim, S., Brotto, A. C., & Khanal, S. K. (2015). Effect of plant species on nitrogen recovery in aquaponics. Bioresource Technology, 188, 92-98. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.013 Hu, Z., Lee, J. W., Chandran, K., Kim, S., & Khanal, S. K. (2012). Nitrous oxide (N 2O) emission from aquaculture: A review. Environmental Science and Technology, 46(12), 6470-6480. doi:10.1021/es300110x Hu, Z., Lee, J. W., Chandran, K., Kim, S., Sharma, K., & Khanal, S. K. (2014). Influence of carbohydrate addition on nitrogen transformations and greenhouse gas emissions of intensive aquaculture system. Science of the Total Environment, 470-471, 193-200. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.050 Hutchinson, W., Jeffrey, M., O'Sullivan, D., Casement, D., & Clarke, S. (2004). Recirculating aquaculture systems - minimum standards for design, construction and management. Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Minimum Standards for Design, Construction and Management, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Islam, M. S. (2005). Nitrogen and phosphorus budget in coastal and marine cage aquaculture and impacts of effluent loading on ecosystem: Review and analysis towards model development. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 50(1), 48-61. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.08.008 Jo, J. Y., Ma, J. S., & Kim, I. B. (2000). Comparisons of Four Commonly used Aquatic Plants for Removing Nitrogen Nutrients in the Intensive Bioproduction Korean (IBK) Recirculation Aquaculture System, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Koottatep, T., & Polprasert, C. (1997). Role of plant uptake on nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands located in the tropics. Water Science and Technology, 36(12), 1-8. doi:10.1016/S0273-1223(97)00725-7 Kowalchuk, G. A., & Stephen, J. R. (2001). Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: A model for molecular microbial ecology doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.485 Retrieved from www.scopus.com Lam, S. S., Ambak, M. A., Jusoh, A., & Law, A. T. (2008). Waste excretion of marble goby (oxyeleotris marmorata bleeker) fed with different diets. Aquaculture, 274(1), 49-56. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.11.023 Martins, C. I. M., Eding, E. H., Verdegem, M. C. J., Heinsbroek, L. T. N., Schneider, O., Blancheton, J. P., . . . Verreth, J. A. J. (2010). New developments in recirculating aquaculture systems in europe: A perspective on environmental sustainability. Aquacultural Engineering, 43(3), 83-93. doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2010.09.002 Mavrogianopoulos, G., Vogli, V., & Kyritsis, S. (2002). Use of wastewater as a nutrient solution in a closed gravel hydroponic culture of giant reed (arundo donax). Bioresource Technology, 82(2), 103-107. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00180-8 Mitsch, W. J., & Gosselink, J. G. (2000). Wetlands, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Nelson, E. B. (2004). Microbial dynamics and interactions in the spermosphere doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.42.121603.131041 Retrieved from www.scopus.com Nelson, R. L. (2008). Aquaponic food production: Growing fish and vegetables for food and profit. Aquaponic Food Production, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Olsson, M. O., & Falkengren-Grerup, U. (2000). Potential nitrification as an indicator of preferential uptake of ammonium or nitrate by plants in an oak woodland understorey. Annals of Botany, 85(3), 299-305. doi:10.1006/anbo.1999.1075 Papatryphon, E., Petit, J., Van Der Werf, H. M. G., Sadasivam, K. J., & Claver, K. (2005). Nutrient-balance modeling as a tool for environmental management in aquaculture: The case of trout farming in france. Environmental Management, 35(2), 161-174. doi:10.1007/s00267-004-4020-z Pilinszky, K., Bittsanszky, A., Gyulai, G., & Komives, T. (2015). Plant protection in aquaponic systems - comment on karthikeyan and gopalakrishnan's (2014) "A novel report of phytopathogenic fungi gilbertella persicaria infection on penaeus monodon". Aquaculture, 435, 275-276. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.09.045 Rakocy, J. E., Masser, M. P., & Losordo, T. M. (2006). Recirculating aquaculture tank production systems: Aquaponics-integrating fish and plant culture. SRAC Publication, 454(454), 1-16. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Roosta, H. R. (2014). Effects of foliar spray of K on mint, radish, parsley and coriander plants in aquaponic system. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 37(14), 2236-2254. doi:10.1080/01904167.2014.920385 Roosta, H. R., & Hamidpour, M. (2011). Effects of foliar application of some macro- and micro-nutrients on tomato plants in aquaponic and hydroponic systems. Scientia Horticulturae, 129(3), 396-402. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2011.04.006 Roosta, H. R., & Hamidpour, M. (2013). MINERAL NUTRIENT CONTENT OF TOMATO PLANTS IN AQUAPONIC AND HYDROPONIC SYSTEMS: EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SOME MACRO- AND MICRO-NUTRIENTS. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 36(13), 2070-2083. doi:10.1080/01904167.2013.821707 Roosta, H. R., & Mohsenian, Y. (2015). Alleviation of alkalinity-induced fe deficiency in eggplant (solanum melongena L.) by foliar application of different fe sources in recirculating system. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 38(11), 1768-1786. doi:10.1080/01904167.2015.1061542 Roosta, H. R., & Mohsenian, Y. (2012). Effects of foliar spray of different fe sources on pepper (capsicum annum L.) plants in aquaponic system. Scientia Horticulturae, 146, 182-191. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2012.08.018 Summerfelt, S. T., Sharrer, M. J., Tsukuda, S. M., & Gearheart, M. (2009). Process requirements for achieving full-flow disinfection of recirculating water using ozonation and UV irradiation. Aquacultural Engineering, 40(1), 17-27. doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2008.10.002 Thoman, E. S., Ingall, E. D., Davis, D. A., & Arnold, C. R. (2001). A nitrogen budget for a closed, recirculating mariculture system. Aquacultural Engineering, 24(3), 195-211. doi:10.1016/S0144-8609(00)00070-4 Tyson, R. V., Treadwel, D. D., & Simonne, E. H. (2011). Opportunities and challenges to sustainability in aquaponic systems. HortTechnology, 21(1), 6-13. doi:10.21273/horttech.21.1.6 Vaillant, N., Monnet, F., Sallanon, H., Coudret, A., & Hitmi, A. (2004). Use of commercial plant species in a hydroponic system to treat domestic wastewaters. Journal of Environmental Quality, 33(2), 695-702. doi:10.2134/jeq2004.6950 Valente, L. M. P., Linares, F., Villanueva, J. L. R., Silva, J. M. G., Espe, M., Escórcio, C., . . . Peleteiro, J. B. (2011). Dietary protein source or energy levels have no major impact on growth performance, nutrient utilisation or flesh fatty acids composition of market-sized senegalese sole. Aquaculture, 318(1-2), 128-137. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.05.026 Verdegem, M. C. J., Bosma, R. H., & Verreth, J. A. J. (2006). Reducing water use for animal production through aquaculture. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 22(1), 101-113. doi:10.1080/07900620500405544 Wik, T. E. I., Lindén, B. T., & Wramner, P. I. (2009). Integrated dynamic aquaculture and wastewater treatment modelling for recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquaculture, 287(3-4), 361-370. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.056
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| spellingShingle |
Balancing of nutrient uptake by water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and mustard green (Brassica juncea) with nutrient production by African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in scaling aquaponic recirculation system
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| summary |
From both engineering and economic perspectives, goals of an aquaponic recirculation system are keeping a healthy environment for fish and plant, by eliminating toxic metabolites and growth-inhibiting substances. The type and quantity of waste excretions produced by the cultured organisms are also the important considerations, especially in designing the component system. Therefore, to be effective at nutrient removal, aquaponic systems should be sized correctly to balance fish output and nutrient uptake by plants. In this study, the plant component was isolated from the fish rearing operation so that nutrient removal could be evaluated independently. Two leafy green vegetables, i.e. water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and mustard green (Brassica juncea) were selected to evaluate the effectiveness of plant nutrient uptake to balance nutrient production from fish culture. Results indicated that nitrogen utilization efficiencies of water spinach and mustard green were 66.5 and 59.9%, respectively. In addition, water spinach-based aquaponics had better water quality than that of mustard green-based aquaponics, primarily due to its higher root surface area. The growth performance of African catfish showed the feed conversion ratio was in the range 1.18–1.33. The results obtained from this study indicated that both crops have considerable impacts on nutrient removal.
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| title |
Balancing of nutrient uptake by water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and mustard green (Brassica juncea) with nutrient production by African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in scaling aquaponic recirculation system
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| title_full |
Balancing of nutrient uptake by water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and mustard green (Brassica juncea) with nutrient production by African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in scaling aquaponic recirculation system
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| title_fullStr |
Balancing of nutrient uptake by water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and mustard green (Brassica juncea) with nutrient production by African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in scaling aquaponic recirculation system
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| title_full_unstemmed |
Balancing of nutrient uptake by water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and mustard green (Brassica juncea) with nutrient production by African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in scaling aquaponic recirculation system
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| title_short |
Balancing of nutrient uptake by water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and mustard green (Brassica juncea) with nutrient production by African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in scaling aquaponic recirculation system
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| title_sort |
balancing of nutrient uptake by water spinach (ipomoea aquatica) and mustard green (brassica juncea) with nutrient production by african catfish (clarias gariepinus) in scaling aquaponic recirculation system
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