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Restricted Document
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12894
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UniSZA
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Abd Rahim, Nour El Huda Mohamed, Farahidah Ku Zaifah, Norsidah Zulkifly, Ahmad Hafiz. Rheology of Malaysian Tualang honey. In: International Health Conference IIUM 2011, 7th-8th December 2011, Hotel Vistana, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Ahn M, Kumazawa S, Usui Y, Nakamura J, Matsuka M, Zhu F, Nakayama, T. Antioxidant activity and constituents of propolis collected in various areas of China. Food Chemistry, 2007; 1383– 1392. Alvarez M, Burn T, Luo Y, Pirofski LA, Casadevall A. The outcome of Cryptococcus neoformans intracellular pathogenesis in human monocytes. BMC Microbio, 2009; 9: 51. Arvouet-Grand A, Vennat B, Pourrat A, Legret P. Standardisation dun extrait de propolis identification des principaux constituants. J Pharm Belg, 1994; 49 (6): 462–468. Bang LM, Buntting C, Molan P. The effect of dilution on the rate of hydrogen peroxide production in honey and its implications for wound healing. J Altern Complement Med, 2003; 9 (2): 267-273. Bankova V, Solange De Castro, Maria Marcucci. Propolis: Recent advances in chemistry and plant origin. Apidologie Springer Verlag, 2000; 31 (1): 3-15. Beretta G, Granata P, Ferrero M, Orioli M, Facino RM. Standardization of antioxidant properties of honey by a combination of spectrophotometric/fluorimetric assays and chemometrics. Anal Chim Acta, 2005; 533: 185-191. Bertoncelj J, Doberšek U, Jamnik M, Golob T. Evaluation of the phenolic content, antioxidant activity and colour of Slovenian honey. Food Chemistry, 2007; 105 (2): 822-828. Buchanan KL, and Murphy JW. What makes Cryptococcus neoformans a pathogen? Emerg Infect Dis, 1998; 4 (1): 71-83. Burdock GA. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis. Food Chem Toxicol, 1998; 36 (4): 347–363. Campos FM, Couto JA, Figueiredo AR, Tóth IV, Rangel AOSS, Hogg TA. Cell membrane damage induced by phenolic acids on wine lactic acid bacteria. Int J Microbiol, 2009; 135(2): 144–51. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Nineteenth informational supplement M100-S19. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2009. Dalben-Dota KF, Faria MG, Bruschi ML, Pelloso SM, LopesConsolaro ME, Svidzinski TI. Antifungal activity of propolis extract against yeasts isolated from vaginal exudates. J Altern Complement Med, 2010; 16 (3): 285-290 De Carvalho Duailibe SA, Goncalves AG, Mendes Ahid FJ. Effect of a propolis extract on Streptococcus mutans counts in vivo. J Appl Oral Sci, 2007; 15: 420–423. DeMera J, Angert E. Comparison of the antimicrobial activity of honey produced by Tetragonisca angustula (Meliponinae) and Apis mellifera from different phytogeographic regions of Costa Rica. Apidologie, 2004; 35 (4): 411-417. Estevinho L, Pereira AP, Moreira L, Dias LG, Pereira E. Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of phenolic compounds extracts of Northeast Portugal honey. Food Chem Toxicol, 2008; 46 (12): 3774-3779. Farnesi AP, Aquino-Ferreira R, De Jong D, Bastos JK, Soares AE. Effects of stingless bee and honey bee propolis on four species of bacteria. Genet Mol Res, 2009; 8 (2): 635-640. Franchini RA, de Souza CF, Colombara R, Matos MA, Matos RC. Rapid determination of hydrogen peroxide using peroxidase immobilized on Amberlite IRA-743 and minerals in honey. J Agric Food Chem, 2007; 55 (17): 6885-6890. George NM, Cutting KF. Antibacterial honey (MedihoneyTM): In vitro activity against clinical isolates of MRSA, VRE and other multiresistant gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Wounds, 2007; 19: 231-236. Heard TA. The role of stingless bees in crop pollination. Annu Rev of Entomol, 1999; 44: 183–206. Hegazia AG, El Hadyb F, and Alla F. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of european propolis. Z Naturforsch, 2000; 55: 70-75. Irish J, Carter DA, Shokohi T, Blair SE. Honey has an antifungal effect against Candida species. Med Mycol, 2006; 44: 289-291. Jayanthi B, Kothai S. Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of stingless bee propolis (Tetragonula iridipennis) of Tamilnadu, India. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 2014; 6(8): 81-85. Kačániová M, Melich M, Vladimíra K. The antimicrobial activity of honey and propolis against yeasts Candida species. Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2009; 42 (2): 167-173. Khalil MD, Ibrahim S, Siti Amrah Alam, Nadia Ramli, Norzihana Mohamed Mahaneem, Bai'e Saringat, Gan Siew Hua. Content and antioxidant properties of processed honey (agromasi1/2) collected from different regions in Malaysia. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 2010; 4(3): 214-219. Koc AN, Silici S, Ercal BD, Kasap F, Hormet-Oz HT, MavusBuldu H. Antifungal activity of Turkish honey against Candida spp. and Trichosporon spp: an in vitro evaluation. Med Mycol, 2009; 47 (7): 707- 712. Kourkoumpetis T, Manolakaki D, Velmahos G, Chang Y, Alam HB, De Moya M. Candida infection and colonization among non-trauma emergency surgery patients. Virulence, 2010; 1 (5): 359–366. Kujumgiev A, Tsvetkova I, Serkedjieva Y, Bankova V, Christov R, and Popov S. Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity of propolis from different geographic origins. J Ethnopharm, 1999; 64 (3): 235–240. Kumazawa S, Hamasaka T, and Nakayama T. Antioxidant activity of propolis of of various geographic origins. Food Chemistry, 2004; 84 (3): 329-339. Maria LE, Afonso SE, and Xesús F. Antifungal effect of lavender honey against Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Cryptococcus neoformans. J Food Sci Technol, 2011; 48 (5): 640-643. Melliou E, Stratis E, Chinou I. Volatile constituents of propolis from various regions of greece-antimicrobial activity. Food Chemistry, 2007; 103 (2): 375-380. Mirza SA, Phelan M, Rimland D, Graviss E, Hamill R, Brandt ME. The changing epidemiology of cryptococcosis: an update from population-based active surveillance in 2 large metropolitan areas. Clin Infect Dis, 2003; 36 (6): 789-794. Mohamed M, Sirajudeen KN, Swamy M, Yaacob NS, Sulaiman SA. Studies on the antioxidant properties of Tualang honey of Malaysia. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2010; 7 (1): 59–63. Molan PC. Manuka honey as a medicine. Global Bioactives Summit; The University of Waikato. New Zealand (NZ): Waikato Honey Research Unit, 2001; 1–20. Molan PC. The role of honey in the management of wounds. J Wound Care, 1999; 8 (8): 415-418. Moniruzzaman M, Khalil M, Sulaiman S, Gan S. Advances in the analytical methods for determining the antioxidant properties of honey: A review. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2012; 9 (1): 36–42. Montero JC, Mori GG. Assessment of ion diffusion from a calcium hydroxidepropolis paste through dentin. Braz Oral Res, 2012; 26 (4): 318–322. Moreira L, Dias LG, Pereira JA, Estevinho L. Antioxidant properties, total phenols and pollen analysis of propolis samples from Portugal. Food Chem Toxicol, 2008; 46 (11): 3482-3485. Nucci M, Queiroz-Telles F, Tobón AM, Restrepo A, Colombo AL. Epidemiology of opportunistic fungal infections in Latin America. Clin Infect Dis, 2010; 51 (5): 561–570. Oliveira AC, Shinobu CS, Longhini R, Franco SL, Svidzinzki TI. Antifungal activity of própolis extract against yeasts isolated from onychomycosis lesions. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 2006; 101(5): 493-497. Ota C, Unterkircher C, Fantinato V, and Shimizu MT. Antifungal activity of propolis on different species of Candida. Mycoses, 2001; 44 (9-10): 375-8. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D, Benjamin DK, Calandra TF, Edwards JE. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis, 2009; 48 (5): 503-535. Rossi S. 2012. Australian Medicines Handbook [online]. Adelaide: AMH. Salmon TB, Evert BA, Song B, and Doetsch PW. Biological consequences of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Research, 2004; 32 (12): 3712–3723. Sforcin JM, Bankova V. Propolis: is there a potential for the development of new drugs. J Ethnopharmacol, 2011; 133 (2): 253–260. Shehu A, Mohd AKR, Aniza A, Salwani I. Antibacterial activity and antioxidant capacity of Malaysian tualang honey. International Journal of Science and Research, 2015; 4 (4): 1758-1762. Shin GT, Yim H, Park J, Kim H. Membranous nephropathy associated with fluconazole treatment. Am J Kidney Dis, 2007; 49 (2): 318-322. Silva BB, Rosalen PL, Cury JA, Ikegaki M, Souza VC, Esteves A, and Alencar SM. Chemical composition and botanical origin of red propolis, a new type of Brazilian propolis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2008; 5: 313–316. Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Ravento RM. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Methods in Enzymol, 1999; 299: 152–178. Siqueira ABS, Gomes BS, Cambuim I, Maia R, Abreu S, Souza-Motta CMD, Queiroz LA, Porto, ALF. Trichophyton species susceptibility to green and red Propolis from Brazil. Letters in Applied Microbio, 2009; 48: 90–96. Sobel JD. Vulvovaginal candidosis. Lancet, 2007; 369 (9577): 1961–1971. Tan HT, Rahman RA, Gan SH, Halim AS, Hassan SA, Sulaiman SA. The antibacterial properties of Malaysian tualang honey against wound and enteric microorganisms in comparison to manuka honey. BMC Complement Altern Med, 2009; 9 (34): 1–8. Usman H, Abdulrahman FI, Ladan AH. Phytochemical and antimicrobial evaluation of tribulus terrestris l. (zygophylaceae) growing in Nigeria. Res J Bio, 2007; 2 (3): 244 – 247. Vollekova A, Kostalova D, Sochorova R. Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Mahonia aquifolium stem bark is active against Malassezia spp. Folia Microbiol, 2001; 46 (2): 107 – 111. Wahdan HA. Causes of the antimicrobial activity of honey. Infection, 1998; 26 (1): 26-30. Zhishen J, Mengcheng T, Jianming W. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 1999; 64: 555–559.
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12894 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=12894 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection407072 Restricted Document Article Journal image/jpeg inches 96 96 norman 37 37 766 1409 2016-03-22 12:30:17 1409x766 7201-01-FH02-FP-16-05539.jpg UniSZA Private Access Antifungal properties of Malaysian tualang honey and stingless bee propolis against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans can cause life-threatening infections, especially in immunecompromised patients. Treatment with currently available antifungal agents may lead to severe side-effects and emergence of resistant strains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal properties of MTH and SBP against C. albicans and C. neoformans. Broth dilution method was used to assess the antifungal properties of the MTH and propolis. Different concentrations of the MTH and propolis (0.78 mg/mL – 50.00 mg/mL) in two-fold dilutions were tested against each fungus to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) which was done by visual inspection and spectrophotometric (MIC95) reading at 620 nm. Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) was obtained by culturing on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. Total phenolic acids and flavonoids contents were also determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and colorimetric assay respectively. The MICs of the MTH against C. albicans and C. neoformans by visual inspection were 6.25 mg/mL and 1.56 mg/mL respectively, meanwhile 6.25 mg/mL and 3.13 mg/mL by spectrophotometric reading. The MFCs of the MTH against C. albicans and C. neoformans were 12.50 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL respectively. The MICs of SBP against C. albicans and C. neoformans by visual inspection were both 1.56 mg/mL whereas spectrophotometric reading recorded MICs of 3.13 mg/mL and 1.56 mg/mL respectively. The MFCs of SBP against C. albicans was 6.25 mg/mL and 3.13 mg/mL for C. neoformans. The total phenolic acids and flavonoids contents of MTH were 275.6 mg gallic acid/kg and 71.8 mg quercetin/kg respectively whereas for SBP, the phenolic acids content was 1754.2 mg gallic acid/kg and the flavonoids content was 82.6 mg quercetin/kg. MTH and SBP exhibited significant antifungal activities against C. albicans and C. neoformans. Their antifungal activities might be attributed to the high phenolic acids and flavonoids. This result suggests that MTH and SBP could potentially be used as alternative therapeutic agents against these fungi. 6 2 Open Science Publishers LLP Inc. Open Science Publishers LLP Inc. 044-050 Abd Rahim, Nour El Huda Mohamed, Farahidah Ku Zaifah, Norsidah Zulkifly, Ahmad Hafiz. Rheology of Malaysian Tualang honey. In: International Health Conference IIUM 2011, 7th-8th December 2011, Hotel Vistana, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Ahn M, Kumazawa S, Usui Y, Nakamura J, Matsuka M, Zhu F, Nakayama, T. Antioxidant activity and constituents of propolis collected in various areas of China. Food Chemistry, 2007; 1383– 1392. Alvarez M, Burn T, Luo Y, Pirofski LA, Casadevall A. The outcome of Cryptococcus neoformans intracellular pathogenesis in human monocytes. BMC Microbio, 2009; 9: 51. Arvouet-Grand A, Vennat B, Pourrat A, Legret P. Standardisation dun extrait de propolis identification des principaux constituants. J Pharm Belg, 1994; 49 (6): 462–468. Bang LM, Buntting C, Molan P. The effect of dilution on the rate of hydrogen peroxide production in honey and its implications for wound healing. J Altern Complement Med, 2003; 9 (2): 267-273. Bankova V, Solange De Castro, Maria Marcucci. Propolis: Recent advances in chemistry and plant origin. Apidologie Springer Verlag, 2000; 31 (1): 3-15. Beretta G, Granata P, Ferrero M, Orioli M, Facino RM. Standardization of antioxidant properties of honey by a combination of spectrophotometric/fluorimetric assays and chemometrics. Anal Chim Acta, 2005; 533: 185-191. Bertoncelj J, Doberšek U, Jamnik M, Golob T. Evaluation of the phenolic content, antioxidant activity and colour of Slovenian honey. Food Chemistry, 2007; 105 (2): 822-828. Buchanan KL, and Murphy JW. What makes Cryptococcus neoformans a pathogen? Emerg Infect Dis, 1998; 4 (1): 71-83. Burdock GA. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis. Food Chem Toxicol, 1998; 36 (4): 347–363. Campos FM, Couto JA, Figueiredo AR, Tóth IV, Rangel AOSS, Hogg TA. Cell membrane damage induced by phenolic acids on wine lactic acid bacteria. Int J Microbiol, 2009; 135(2): 144–51. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Nineteenth informational supplement M100-S19. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2009. Dalben-Dota KF, Faria MG, Bruschi ML, Pelloso SM, LopesConsolaro ME, Svidzinski TI. Antifungal activity of propolis extract against yeasts isolated from vaginal exudates. J Altern Complement Med, 2010; 16 (3): 285-290 De Carvalho Duailibe SA, Goncalves AG, Mendes Ahid FJ. Effect of a propolis extract on Streptococcus mutans counts in vivo. J Appl Oral Sci, 2007; 15: 420–423. DeMera J, Angert E. Comparison of the antimicrobial activity of honey produced by Tetragonisca angustula (Meliponinae) and Apis mellifera from different phytogeographic regions of Costa Rica. Apidologie, 2004; 35 (4): 411-417. Estevinho L, Pereira AP, Moreira L, Dias LG, Pereira E. Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of phenolic compounds extracts of Northeast Portugal honey. Food Chem Toxicol, 2008; 46 (12): 3774-3779. Farnesi AP, Aquino-Ferreira R, De Jong D, Bastos JK, Soares AE. Effects of stingless bee and honey bee propolis on four species of bacteria. Genet Mol Res, 2009; 8 (2): 635-640. Franchini RA, de Souza CF, Colombara R, Matos MA, Matos RC. Rapid determination of hydrogen peroxide using peroxidase immobilized on Amberlite IRA-743 and minerals in honey. J Agric Food Chem, 2007; 55 (17): 6885-6890. George NM, Cutting KF. Antibacterial honey (MedihoneyTM): In vitro activity against clinical isolates of MRSA, VRE and other multiresistant gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Wounds, 2007; 19: 231-236. Heard TA. The role of stingless bees in crop pollination. Annu Rev of Entomol, 1999; 44: 183–206. Hegazia AG, El Hadyb F, and Alla F. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of european propolis. Z Naturforsch, 2000; 55: 70-75. Irish J, Carter DA, Shokohi T, Blair SE. Honey has an antifungal effect against Candida species. Med Mycol, 2006; 44: 289-291. Jayanthi B, Kothai S. Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of stingless bee propolis (Tetragonula iridipennis) of Tamilnadu, India. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 2014; 6(8): 81-85. Kačániová M, Melich M, Vladimíra K. The antimicrobial activity of honey and propolis against yeasts Candida species. Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2009; 42 (2): 167-173. Khalil MD, Ibrahim S, Siti Amrah Alam, Nadia Ramli, Norzihana Mohamed Mahaneem, Bai'e Saringat, Gan Siew Hua. Content and antioxidant properties of processed honey (agromasi1/2) collected from different regions in Malaysia. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, 2010; 4(3): 214-219. Koc AN, Silici S, Ercal BD, Kasap F, Hormet-Oz HT, MavusBuldu H. Antifungal activity of Turkish honey against Candida spp. and Trichosporon spp: an in vitro evaluation. Med Mycol, 2009; 47 (7): 707- 712. Kourkoumpetis T, Manolakaki D, Velmahos G, Chang Y, Alam HB, De Moya M. Candida infection and colonization among non-trauma emergency surgery patients. Virulence, 2010; 1 (5): 359–366. Kujumgiev A, Tsvetkova I, Serkedjieva Y, Bankova V, Christov R, and Popov S. Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity of propolis from different geographic origins. J Ethnopharm, 1999; 64 (3): 235–240. Kumazawa S, Hamasaka T, and Nakayama T. Antioxidant activity of propolis of of various geographic origins. Food Chemistry, 2004; 84 (3): 329-339. Maria LE, Afonso SE, and Xesús F. Antifungal effect of lavender honey against Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Cryptococcus neoformans. J Food Sci Technol, 2011; 48 (5): 640-643. Melliou E, Stratis E, Chinou I. Volatile constituents of propolis from various regions of greece-antimicrobial activity. Food Chemistry, 2007; 103 (2): 375-380. Mirza SA, Phelan M, Rimland D, Graviss E, Hamill R, Brandt ME. The changing epidemiology of cryptococcosis: an update from population-based active surveillance in 2 large metropolitan areas. Clin Infect Dis, 2003; 36 (6): 789-794. Mohamed M, Sirajudeen KN, Swamy M, Yaacob NS, Sulaiman SA. Studies on the antioxidant properties of Tualang honey of Malaysia. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2010; 7 (1): 59–63. Molan PC. Manuka honey as a medicine. Global Bioactives Summit; The University of Waikato. New Zealand (NZ): Waikato Honey Research Unit, 2001; 1–20. Molan PC. The role of honey in the management of wounds. J Wound Care, 1999; 8 (8): 415-418. Moniruzzaman M, Khalil M, Sulaiman S, Gan S. Advances in the analytical methods for determining the antioxidant properties of honey: A review. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2012; 9 (1): 36–42. Montero JC, Mori GG. Assessment of ion diffusion from a calcium hydroxidepropolis paste through dentin. Braz Oral Res, 2012; 26 (4): 318–322. Moreira L, Dias LG, Pereira JA, Estevinho L. Antioxidant properties, total phenols and pollen analysis of propolis samples from Portugal. Food Chem Toxicol, 2008; 46 (11): 3482-3485. Nucci M, Queiroz-Telles F, Tobón AM, Restrepo A, Colombo AL. Epidemiology of opportunistic fungal infections in Latin America. Clin Infect Dis, 2010; 51 (5): 561–570. Oliveira AC, Shinobu CS, Longhini R, Franco SL, Svidzinzki TI. Antifungal activity of própolis extract against yeasts isolated from onychomycosis lesions. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 2006; 101(5): 493-497. Ota C, Unterkircher C, Fantinato V, and Shimizu MT. Antifungal activity of propolis on different species of Candida. Mycoses, 2001; 44 (9-10): 375-8. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D, Benjamin DK, Calandra TF, Edwards JE. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis, 2009; 48 (5): 503-535. Rossi S. 2012. Australian Medicines Handbook [online]. Adelaide: AMH. Salmon TB, Evert BA, Song B, and Doetsch PW. Biological consequences of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Research, 2004; 32 (12): 3712–3723. Sforcin JM, Bankova V. Propolis: is there a potential for the development of new drugs. J Ethnopharmacol, 2011; 133 (2): 253–260. Shehu A, Mohd AKR, Aniza A, Salwani I. Antibacterial activity and antioxidant capacity of Malaysian tualang honey. International Journal of Science and Research, 2015; 4 (4): 1758-1762. Shin GT, Yim H, Park J, Kim H. Membranous nephropathy associated with fluconazole treatment. Am J Kidney Dis, 2007; 49 (2): 318-322. Silva BB, Rosalen PL, Cury JA, Ikegaki M, Souza VC, Esteves A, and Alencar SM. Chemical composition and botanical origin of red propolis, a new type of Brazilian propolis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2008; 5: 313–316. Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Ravento RM. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Methods in Enzymol, 1999; 299: 152–178. Siqueira ABS, Gomes BS, Cambuim I, Maia R, Abreu S, Souza-Motta CMD, Queiroz LA, Porto, ALF. Trichophyton species susceptibility to green and red Propolis from Brazil. Letters in Applied Microbio, 2009; 48: 90–96. Sobel JD. Vulvovaginal candidosis. Lancet, 2007; 369 (9577): 1961–1971. Tan HT, Rahman RA, Gan SH, Halim AS, Hassan SA, Sulaiman SA. The antibacterial properties of Malaysian tualang honey against wound and enteric microorganisms in comparison to manuka honey. BMC Complement Altern Med, 2009; 9 (34): 1–8. Usman H, Abdulrahman FI, Ladan AH. Phytochemical and antimicrobial evaluation of tribulus terrestris l. (zygophylaceae) growing in Nigeria. Res J Bio, 2007; 2 (3): 244 – 247. Vollekova A, Kostalova D, Sochorova R. Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Mahonia aquifolium stem bark is active against Malassezia spp. Folia Microbiol, 2001; 46 (2): 107 – 111. Wahdan HA. Causes of the antimicrobial activity of honey. Infection, 1998; 26 (1): 26-30. Zhishen J, Mengcheng T, Jianming W. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 1999; 64: 555–559.
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Antifungal properties of Malaysian tualang honey and stingless bee propolis against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans
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| summary |
Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans can cause life-threatening infections, especially in immunecompromised patients. Treatment with currently available antifungal agents may lead to severe side-effects and emergence of resistant strains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal properties of MTH and SBP against C. albicans and C. neoformans. Broth dilution method was used to assess the antifungal properties of the MTH and propolis. Different concentrations of the MTH and propolis (0.78 mg/mL – 50.00 mg/mL) in two-fold dilutions were tested against each fungus to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) which was done by visual inspection and spectrophotometric (MIC95) reading at 620 nm. Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) was obtained by culturing on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. Total phenolic acids and flavonoids contents were also determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and colorimetric assay respectively. The MICs of the MTH against C. albicans and C. neoformans by visual inspection were 6.25 mg/mL and 1.56 mg/mL respectively, meanwhile 6.25 mg/mL and 3.13 mg/mL by spectrophotometric reading. The MFCs of the MTH against C. albicans and C. neoformans were 12.50 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL respectively. The MICs of SBP against C. albicans and C. neoformans by visual inspection were both 1.56 mg/mL whereas spectrophotometric reading recorded MICs of 3.13 mg/mL and 1.56 mg/mL respectively. The MFCs of SBP against C. albicans was 6.25 mg/mL and 3.13 mg/mL for C. neoformans. The total phenolic acids and flavonoids contents of MTH were 275.6 mg gallic acid/kg and 71.8 mg quercetin/kg respectively whereas for SBP, the phenolic acids content was 1754.2 mg gallic acid/kg and the flavonoids content was 82.6 mg quercetin/kg. MTH and SBP exhibited significant antifungal activities against C. albicans and C. neoformans. Their antifungal activities might be attributed to the high phenolic acids and flavonoids. This result suggests that MTH and SBP could potentially be used as alternative therapeutic agents against these fungi.
|
| title |
Antifungal properties of Malaysian tualang honey and stingless bee propolis against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans
|
| title_full |
Antifungal properties of Malaysian tualang honey and stingless bee propolis against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans
|
| title_fullStr |
Antifungal properties of Malaysian tualang honey and stingless bee propolis against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans
|
| title_full_unstemmed |
Antifungal properties of Malaysian tualang honey and stingless bee propolis against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans
|
| title_short |
Antifungal properties of Malaysian tualang honey and stingless bee propolis against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans
|
| title_sort |
antifungal properties of malaysian tualang honey and stingless bee propolis against candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans
|