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1: Zunoliza, A., S. Khalid, I. Zhari, M.A. Rasadah, P. Mazura, J. Fadzureena and S. Rohana, 2009. Evaluation of extracts of leaf of three Ficus deltoidea varieties for antioxidant activities and secondary metabolites. Pharmacog. Res., 4: 216-223. 2: Abdullah, Z., K. Hussain, Z. Ismail and R.M. Ali, 2009. Anti-inflammatory activity of standardised extracts of leaves of three varieties of Ficus deltoidea. Int. J. Pharmaceut. Clin. Res., 1: 100-105. 3: Adam, Z., S. Khamis, A. Ismail and M. Hamid, 2012. Ficus deltoidea: A potential alternative medicine for diabetes mellitus. Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med. 4: Ahmed, F., M.R. Asha, A. Urooj and K.K. Bhat, 2010. Ficus racemosa bark: Nutrient composition, physicochemical properties and its utilization as nutra tea. Int. J. Nutr. Metab., 2: 33-39. 5: Akhir, N.A.M., L.S. Chua, F.A.A. Majid and M.R. Sarmidi, 2011. Cytotoxicity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ficus deltoidea on human ovarian carcinoma cell line. Br. J. Med. Med. Res., 1: 397-409. 6: Shafaei, A., N.S. Muslim, Z.D. Nassar, A.F.A. Aisha, A.M.S.A. Majid and Z. Ismail, 2014. Antiangiogenic effect of Ficus deltoidea Jack standardised leaf extracts. Trop. J. Pharm. Res., 13: 761-768. 7: Awang, N.A., S.M.Z. Hasan and M.S.B. Shafie, 2013. Morphological study of Ficus deltoidea jack in Malaysia. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. B, 3: 144-150. 8: Bafor, E.E., E.K.I. Omogbai and R.I. Ozolua, 2010. In vitro determination of the uterine stimulatory effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Ficus exasperata. J. Ethnopharmacol., 127: 502-507. 9: Balakrishna, M. and S.K. BhattacHarjee, 1991. Studies on propagation of ornamental trees, through stem cuttings. Indian J. Horticult., 48: 87-94. 10: Berg, C.C. and E.J.H. Corner, 2005. Moraceae (Ficus). Flora Malesiana, Series I (seed plants). Flora Malesiana, 17: 17-29. 11: Bonte, F., M. Dumas, C. Chaudagne and A. Meybeck, 1994. Influence of asiatic acid, madecassic acid and asiaticoside on human collagen I synthesis. Planta Medica, 60: 133-135. 12: Corner, E.J.H., 1969. The complex of Ficus deltoidea; A recent invasion of the Sunda Shelf. Philosoph. Trans. R. Soc. London, 256: 281-317. 13: Cook, J.M.C. and J.Y. Rasplus, 2003. Mutualists with attitude: Coevolving fig wasps and figs. Trends Ecol. Evol., 18: 241-248. 14: Desaku, 2005. Mas cotek/Ficus deltoidea mistletoe fig (Moraceae). http://www.bio-asli.com/Herba/e_Herba/e_mascotek.asp. 15: Draman, S., M.A.M. Aris, Razman, S.F.U. Akter and H. Azlina et al., 2012. Mas cotek (Ficus deltoidea): A possible supplement for type II diabetes: (A pilot study). Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci., 35: 93-102. 16: Dzolin, S., R. Ahmad, M.M. Zain and M.I. Ismail, 2015. Flavonoid distribution in four varieties of Ficus deltoidea (Jack). J. Med. Plant Herbal Theraphy Res., 3: 1-9. 17: Farsi, E., A. Shafaei, S.Y. Hor, M.K. Ahamed and M.F. Yam et al., 2011. Correlation between enzymes inhibitory effects and antioxidant activities of standardized fractions of methanolic extract obtained from Ficus deltoidea leaves. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10: 15184-15194. 18: Farsi, E., A. Shafaei, S.Y. Hor, M.B.K. Ahamed, M.F. Yam, M.Z. Asmawi and Z. Ismail, 2013. Genotoxicity and acute and subchronic toxicity studies of a standardized methanolic extract of Ficus deltoidea leaves. Clinics, 68: 865-875. 19: Zahra, M.A.S.F., A.A. Mahmood, M.A. Hapipah, M.N. Suzita and I. Salmah, 2009. Anti-ulcerogenic activity of aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Res. J. Med. Sci., 3: 42-46. 20: Felton, A.M., A. Felton, J.T. Wood and D.B. Lindenmayer, 2008. Diet and feeding ecology of Ateles chamek in a Bolivian Semihumid forest: The importance of Ficus as a staple food resource. Int. J. Primatol., 29: 379-403. 21: Gamlath, M., K. Abeywickrama and S. Wickramarachchi, 2010. Root growth promotion of Ficus species during air-layering. Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci.), 39: 45-51. 22: Gregory, M., K.P. Vithalrao, G. Franklin and V. Kalaichelavan, 2009. Anti-Ulcer (Ulcer-Preventive) activity of Ficus arnottiana Miq. (Moraceae) leaf methanolic extract. Am. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 4: 89-93. 23: Grossman, M.I., 1981. Peptic Ulcer: A Guide for the Practicing Physician. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, USA., ISBN: 0815140096, pp: 1-35 24: Hakiman, M. and M. Maziah, 2009. Non enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activities in aqueous extract of different Ficus deltoidea accessions. J. Med. Plant Res., 3: 120-131. 25: Bunawan, H., N.M. Amin, S.N. Bunawan, S.N. Baharum and N.M. Noor, 2014. Ficus deltoidea jack: A review on its phytochemical and pharmacological importance. Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med. 26: Hassanein, A.M.A., 2013. Factors influencing plant propagation efficiency via stem cuttings. J. Hortic. Sci. Ornamental Plants, 5: 171-176. 27: Jamilah, M.S., N. Ismalia and N. Elyani, 2005. Ecological notes on Ficus deltoidea jack. on heath vegetation of BRIS soil of Terengganu. Proceedings of the 8th Symposium of Applied Biology, June 22-23, 2005, Marriot Putrajaya Hotel, Putrajaya, Malaysia - 28: Kalman, D.S.,H.I. Schwartz, S. Feldman,and D.R. Krieger, 2013. Efficacy and safety of Elaeis guineensis and Ficus deltoidea leaf extracts in adults with pre-diabetes. Nutr. J., Vol. 12. 29: Kochummen, K.M. and G. Rusea, 2000. Moraceae. Tree Flora Sabah Sarawak, 3: 181-334. 30: Lansky, E.P. and H.M. Paavilainen, 2010. Figs: The Genus Ficus. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL., ISBN-13: 9781420089677, pp: 1-4 31: Lee, K.W., Y.J. Kim, H.J. Lee and C.Y. Lee, 2003. Cocoa has more phenolic phytochemicals and a higher antioxidant capacity than teas and red wine. J. Agric. Food Chem., 51: 7292-7295. 32: Lopez-Vaamonde, C., D.J. Dixon, J.M. Cook and J.Y. Rasplus, 2002. Revision of the Australian species of Pleistodontes (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) fig-pollinating wasps and their host-plant associations. Zool. J. Linnean Soc., 136: 637-683. 33: Abdulla, M.A., K.A.A. Ahmed, F.M. Abu-Luhoom and M. Muhanid, 2010. Role of Ficus deltoidea extract in the enhancement of wound healing in experimental rats. Biomed. Res., 21: 241-245. 34: Maisuthisakul, P., M. Suttajit and R. Pongsawatmanit, 2007. Assessment of phenolic content and free radical-scavenging capacity of some thai indigenous plants. Food Chem., 100: 1409-1418. 35: Maizatul, H.O., W. Mullen and A. Crozier, 2011. Identification of proanthocyanidin dimers and trimers, flavone C-Glycosides and antioxidants in Ficus deltoidea, a Malaysian herbal tea. J. Agric. Food Chem., 59: 1363-1369. 36: Mat, N., N.A. Rosni, N.Z. Ab Rashid, N. Haron and Z.M. Nor, et al., 2012. Leaf morphological variations and heterophylly in Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae). Sains Malaysiana, 41: 527-538. 37: Misbah, H., A.A. Aziz and N. Aminudin, 2013. Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Ficus deltoidea fruit extracts and fractions. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., Vol. 13. 38: Mohammad, N., Y.K. Wei and N.F.A. Bakar, 2012. Determination of mineral content in the Ficus deltoidea leaves. J. Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 10: 25-29. 39: Nur Fatihah, H.N., M. Nashriyah, A.R. Nor Zaimah, M. Khairil and A.M. Ali, 2014. Leaf morphology and anatomy of 7 varieties of Ficus deltoidea (Moraceae). Turk. J. Bot., 38: 677-685. 40: Oh, M.J., M. Abdul Hamid, S. Ngadiran, Y.K. Seo, M.R. Sarmidi and C.S. Park, 2011. Ficus deltoidea (Mas cotek) extract exerted anti-melanogenic activity by preventing tyrosinase activity in vitro and by suppressing tyrosinase gene expression in B16F1 melanoma cells. Arch. Dermatol. Res., 303: 161-170. 41: Ong, S.L., A.P.K. Ling, R. Poospooragi and S. Moosa, 2011. Production of flavonoid compounds in cell cultures of Ficus deltoidea as influenced by medium composition. Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants, 1: 62-74. 42: Rahimi, R., S. Nikfar, B. Larijani and M. Abdollahi, 2005. A review on the role of antioxidants in the management of diabetes and its complications. Biomed. Pharmacother., 59: 365-373. 43: Ronsted, N., G.D. Weiblen, W.L. Clement, N.J.C. Zerega and V. Savolainen, 2008. Reconstructing the phylogeny of figs (Ficus, Moraceae) to reveal the history of the fig pollination mutualism. Symbiosis, 45: 45-55. 44: Salleh, N. and V.N. Ahmad, 2013. In-vitro effect of Ficus deltoidea on the contraction of isolated rat's uteri is mediated via multiple receptors binding and is dependent on extracellular calcium. BMC Compl. Altern. Med., Vol. 13. 45: Santamaria, A.B., 2008. Manganese exposure, essentiality and toxicity. Indian J. Med. Res., 128: 484-500. 46: Suarez, J., M.D. Herrera and E. Marhuenda, 1996. Hesperidin and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone on different experimental models of induced gastric ulcer. Phytother. Res., 10: 616-618. 47: Serio-Silva, J.C., V. Rico-Gray, L.T. Hernandez-Salazar and R. Espinosa-Gomez, 2002. The role of Ficus (Moraceae) in the diet and nutrition of a troop of Mexican howler monkeys, Alouatta palliata mexicana, released on an island in southern Veracruz, Mexico. J. Trop. Ecol., 18: 913-928. 48: Aris, S.R.S., S. Mustafa, N. Ahmat, F.M. Jaafar and R. Ahmad, 2009. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fruits of Ficus deltoidea var angustifolia sp. Malaysian J. Anal. Sci., 13: 146-150. 49: Simon, V.N., 2004. The ultimate challenge how fig trees are pollinated. Veld and Flora, South Africa, USA., March 2004, pp: 13-15. 50: Smilkstein, M.J., S.C. Smolinske, K.W. Kulig and B.H. Rumack, 1988. Severe hypermagnesemia due to multiple-dose cathartic therapy. West J. Med., 148: 208-211. 51: Starr, F., K. Starr and L. Loope, 2003. Mistletoe fig, Moraceae. Ficus Deltoidea, 2: 1-5. 52: Suguna, L., P. Sivakumar and G. Chandrakasan, 1996. Effects of Centella asiatica extract on dermal wound healing in rats. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 34: 1208-1211. 53: Sulaiman, M.R., M.K. Hussain, Z.A. Zakaria, M.N. Somchit, S. Moin, A.S. Mohamad and D.A. Israf, 2008. Evaluation of the antinociceptive activity of Ficus deltoidea aqueous extract. Fitoterapia, 79: 557-561. 54: Suryati, S., H. Nurdin, D. Dachriyanus and M.N.H. Lajis, 2011. Structure elucidation of antibacterial compound from Ficus deltoidea jack leaves. Indonesian J. Chem., 11: 67-70. 55: Tchinda, A.T., M.H. Tchuendem, S.N. Khan, I. Omar, F. Ngandeu, E.A.N. Pepin and I.M. Choudhary, 2008. Antioxidant activity of the crude extract of the fruits of Pycnanthus angolensis and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of its constituents. Pharmacologyonline, 1: 422-431. 56: Turner, I.M., 1995. A catalogue of the vascular plants of Malaya. Gardens Bull. Singapore, 47: 1-5. 57: Watcho, P., E. Ngadjui, P.A. Nkeng-Efouet, T.B. Nguelefack and A. Kamanyi, 2011. Evaluation of in vitro uterotonic activities of fruit extracts of Ficus asperifolia in rats. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med., Vol. 2011. 58: Woon, S.M., Y.W. Seng, A.P.K. Ling, S.M. Chye and R.Y. Koh, 2014. Anti-adipogenic effects of extracts of Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea and var. angustifolia on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B, 15: 295-302. 59: Amiera, Z.U.R., M. Nihayah, I.F. Wahida and N.F. Rajab, 2014. Phytochemical characteristic and uterotonic effect of aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea leaves in rats uterus. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 17: 1046-1051. 60: Xiao, Z.P., Z.Y. Peng, M.J. Peng, W.B. Yan, Y.Z. Ouyang and H.L. Zhu, 2011. Flavonoids health benefits and their molecular mechanism. Mini-Rev. Med. Chem., 11: 169-177. 61: Adam, Z., A. Ismail, S. Khamis, M.H.M. Mokhtar and M. Hamid, 2011. Antihyperglycemic activity of F. deltoidea ethanolic extract in normal rats. Sains Malaysiana, 40: 489-495. 62: Zakaria, Z.A., M.K. Hussain, A.S. Mohamad, F.C. Abdullah and M.R. Sulaiman, 2012. Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea. Biol. Res. Nurs., 14: 90-97. 63: Zino, S., M. Skeaff, S. Williams and J. Mann, 1997. Randomised controlled trial of effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on plasma concentrations of lipids and antioxidants. Br. Med. J., 314: 1787-1791. 64: Burkill, I.H. and M. Haniff, 1930. Malay village medicine. Garden's Bull., 6: 167-332. 65: Arifin, N., 2005. Penyembuhan Semula Jadi Dengan Herba [Natural Healing with Herbs]. PTS Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia, ISBN-13: 9789833372294, pp: 1-3, (In Malay)
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12557 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=12557 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection407072 Restricted Document Article Journal image/jpeg inches 96 96 norman 80 80 769 2015-12-02 12:36:25 1086x769 1086 6864-01-FH02-FBIM-15-04266.jpg UniSZA Private Access Ficus deltoidea: Review on background and recent pharmacological potential Journal of Agronomy Ficus deltoidea is a native plant of Malaysia which is very potential plant for varied purposes. It has diversed morphology and was spread throughout Malaysia and adjacent countries. Its great potential had been valued by the old folks and now it is getting famous as more attention given in exploring herbs as an alternative for medicine. Ficus deltoidea is an ultimate source of antioxidant and natural products. It is commercialized as tea and is proposed as a possible supplement for type II diabetes patients. Ficus deltoidea studied for its numerous pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, anti-inflammation and antinociceptive activity, wound healing activity, antiulcerogenic effect, antibacterial, anticancer and also it’s potential as an uterotonic agent. This article review provide more thorough information about F. deltoidea plants in detail in term of plant, origin, morphology, ecology, variety, commercial usage and its pharmacological benefits. 14 4 Asian Network for Scientific Information Asian Network for Scientific Information 310-318 1: Zunoliza, A., S. Khalid, I. Zhari, M.A. Rasadah, P. Mazura, J. Fadzureena and S. Rohana, 2009. Evaluation of extracts of leaf of three Ficus deltoidea varieties for antioxidant activities and secondary metabolites. Pharmacog. Res., 4: 216-223. 2: Abdullah, Z., K. Hussain, Z. Ismail and R.M. Ali, 2009. Anti-inflammatory activity of standardised extracts of leaves of three varieties of Ficus deltoidea. Int. J. Pharmaceut. Clin. Res., 1: 100-105. 3: Adam, Z., S. Khamis, A. Ismail and M. Hamid, 2012. Ficus deltoidea: A potential alternative medicine for diabetes mellitus. Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med. 4: Ahmed, F., M.R. Asha, A. Urooj and K.K. Bhat, 2010. Ficus racemosa bark: Nutrient composition, physicochemical properties and its utilization as nutra tea. Int. J. Nutr. Metab., 2: 33-39. 5: Akhir, N.A.M., L.S. Chua, F.A.A. Majid and M.R. Sarmidi, 2011. Cytotoxicity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ficus deltoidea on human ovarian carcinoma cell line. Br. J. Med. Med. Res., 1: 397-409. 6: Shafaei, A., N.S. Muslim, Z.D. Nassar, A.F.A. Aisha, A.M.S.A. Majid and Z. Ismail, 2014. Antiangiogenic effect of Ficus deltoidea Jack standardised leaf extracts. Trop. J. Pharm. Res., 13: 761-768. 7: Awang, N.A., S.M.Z. Hasan and M.S.B. Shafie, 2013. Morphological study of Ficus deltoidea jack in Malaysia. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. B, 3: 144-150. 8: Bafor, E.E., E.K.I. Omogbai and R.I. Ozolua, 2010. In vitro determination of the uterine stimulatory effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Ficus exasperata. J. Ethnopharmacol., 127: 502-507. 9: Balakrishna, M. and S.K. BhattacHarjee, 1991. Studies on propagation of ornamental trees, through stem cuttings. Indian J. Horticult., 48: 87-94. 10: Berg, C.C. and E.J.H. Corner, 2005. Moraceae (Ficus). Flora Malesiana, Series I (seed plants). Flora Malesiana, 17: 17-29. 11: Bonte, F., M. Dumas, C. Chaudagne and A. Meybeck, 1994. Influence of asiatic acid, madecassic acid and asiaticoside on human collagen I synthesis. Planta Medica, 60: 133-135. 12: Corner, E.J.H., 1969. The complex of Ficus deltoidea; A recent invasion of the Sunda Shelf. Philosoph. Trans. R. Soc. London, 256: 281-317. 13: Cook, J.M.C. and J.Y. Rasplus, 2003. Mutualists with attitude: Coevolving fig wasps and figs. Trends Ecol. Evol., 18: 241-248. 14: Desaku, 2005. Mas cotek/Ficus deltoidea mistletoe fig (Moraceae). http://www.bio-asli.com/Herba/e_Herba/e_mascotek.asp. 15: Draman, S., M.A.M. Aris, Razman, S.F.U. Akter and H. Azlina et al., 2012. Mas cotek (Ficus deltoidea): A possible supplement for type II diabetes: (A pilot study). Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci., 35: 93-102. 16: Dzolin, S., R. Ahmad, M.M. Zain and M.I. Ismail, 2015. Flavonoid distribution in four varieties of Ficus deltoidea (Jack). J. Med. Plant Herbal Theraphy Res., 3: 1-9. 17: Farsi, E., A. Shafaei, S.Y. Hor, M.K. Ahamed and M.F. Yam et al., 2011. Correlation between enzymes inhibitory effects and antioxidant activities of standardized fractions of methanolic extract obtained from Ficus deltoidea leaves. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10: 15184-15194. 18: Farsi, E., A. Shafaei, S.Y. Hor, M.B.K. Ahamed, M.F. Yam, M.Z. Asmawi and Z. Ismail, 2013. Genotoxicity and acute and subchronic toxicity studies of a standardized methanolic extract of Ficus deltoidea leaves. Clinics, 68: 865-875. 19: Zahra, M.A.S.F., A.A. Mahmood, M.A. Hapipah, M.N. Suzita and I. Salmah, 2009. Anti-ulcerogenic activity of aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Res. J. Med. Sci., 3: 42-46. 20: Felton, A.M., A. Felton, J.T. Wood and D.B. Lindenmayer, 2008. Diet and feeding ecology of Ateles chamek in a Bolivian Semihumid forest: The importance of Ficus as a staple food resource. Int. J. Primatol., 29: 379-403. 21: Gamlath, M., K. Abeywickrama and S. Wickramarachchi, 2010. Root growth promotion of Ficus species during air-layering. Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci.), 39: 45-51. 22: Gregory, M., K.P. Vithalrao, G. Franklin and V. Kalaichelavan, 2009. Anti-Ulcer (Ulcer-Preventive) activity of Ficus arnottiana Miq. (Moraceae) leaf methanolic extract. Am. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 4: 89-93. 23: Grossman, M.I., 1981. Peptic Ulcer: A Guide for the Practicing Physician. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, USA., ISBN: 0815140096, pp: 1-35 24: Hakiman, M. and M. Maziah, 2009. Non enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activities in aqueous extract of different Ficus deltoidea accessions. J. Med. Plant Res., 3: 120-131. 25: Bunawan, H., N.M. Amin, S.N. Bunawan, S.N. Baharum and N.M. Noor, 2014. Ficus deltoidea jack: A review on its phytochemical and pharmacological importance. Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med. 26: Hassanein, A.M.A., 2013. Factors influencing plant propagation efficiency via stem cuttings. J. Hortic. Sci. Ornamental Plants, 5: 171-176. 27: Jamilah, M.S., N. Ismalia and N. Elyani, 2005. Ecological notes on Ficus deltoidea jack. on heath vegetation of BRIS soil of Terengganu. Proceedings of the 8th Symposium of Applied Biology, June 22-23, 2005, Marriot Putrajaya Hotel, Putrajaya, Malaysia - 28: Kalman, D.S.,H.I. Schwartz, S. Feldman,and D.R. Krieger, 2013. Efficacy and safety of Elaeis guineensis and Ficus deltoidea leaf extracts in adults with pre-diabetes. Nutr. J., Vol. 12. 29: Kochummen, K.M. and G. Rusea, 2000. Moraceae. Tree Flora Sabah Sarawak, 3: 181-334. 30: Lansky, E.P. and H.M. Paavilainen, 2010. Figs: The Genus Ficus. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL., ISBN-13: 9781420089677, pp: 1-4 31: Lee, K.W., Y.J. Kim, H.J. Lee and C.Y. Lee, 2003. Cocoa has more phenolic phytochemicals and a higher antioxidant capacity than teas and red wine. J. Agric. Food Chem., 51: 7292-7295. 32: Lopez-Vaamonde, C., D.J. Dixon, J.M. Cook and J.Y. Rasplus, 2002. Revision of the Australian species of Pleistodontes (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) fig-pollinating wasps and their host-plant associations. Zool. J. Linnean Soc., 136: 637-683. 33: Abdulla, M.A., K.A.A. Ahmed, F.M. Abu-Luhoom and M. Muhanid, 2010. Role of Ficus deltoidea extract in the enhancement of wound healing in experimental rats. Biomed. Res., 21: 241-245. 34: Maisuthisakul, P., M. Suttajit and R. Pongsawatmanit, 2007. Assessment of phenolic content and free radical-scavenging capacity of some thai indigenous plants. Food Chem., 100: 1409-1418. 35: Maizatul, H.O., W. Mullen and A. Crozier, 2011. Identification of proanthocyanidin dimers and trimers, flavone C-Glycosides and antioxidants in Ficus deltoidea, a Malaysian herbal tea. J. Agric. Food Chem., 59: 1363-1369. 36: Mat, N., N.A. Rosni, N.Z. Ab Rashid, N. Haron and Z.M. Nor, et al., 2012. Leaf morphological variations and heterophylly in Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae). Sains Malaysiana, 41: 527-538. 37: Misbah, H., A.A. Aziz and N. Aminudin, 2013. Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Ficus deltoidea fruit extracts and fractions. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., Vol. 13. 38: Mohammad, N., Y.K. Wei and N.F.A. Bakar, 2012. Determination of mineral content in the Ficus deltoidea leaves. J. Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 10: 25-29. 39: Nur Fatihah, H.N., M. Nashriyah, A.R. Nor Zaimah, M. Khairil and A.M. Ali, 2014. Leaf morphology and anatomy of 7 varieties of Ficus deltoidea (Moraceae). Turk. J. Bot., 38: 677-685. 40: Oh, M.J., M. Abdul Hamid, S. Ngadiran, Y.K. Seo, M.R. Sarmidi and C.S. Park, 2011. Ficus deltoidea (Mas cotek) extract exerted anti-melanogenic activity by preventing tyrosinase activity in vitro and by suppressing tyrosinase gene expression in B16F1 melanoma cells. Arch. Dermatol. Res., 303: 161-170. 41: Ong, S.L., A.P.K. Ling, R. Poospooragi and S. Moosa, 2011. Production of flavonoid compounds in cell cultures of Ficus deltoidea as influenced by medium composition. Int. J. Med. Arom. Plants, 1: 62-74. 42: Rahimi, R., S. Nikfar, B. Larijani and M. Abdollahi, 2005. A review on the role of antioxidants in the management of diabetes and its complications. Biomed. Pharmacother., 59: 365-373. 43: Ronsted, N., G.D. Weiblen, W.L. Clement, N.J.C. Zerega and V. Savolainen, 2008. Reconstructing the phylogeny of figs (Ficus, Moraceae) to reveal the history of the fig pollination mutualism. Symbiosis, 45: 45-55. 44: Salleh, N. and V.N. Ahmad, 2013. In-vitro effect of Ficus deltoidea on the contraction of isolated rat's uteri is mediated via multiple receptors binding and is dependent on extracellular calcium. BMC Compl. Altern. Med., Vol. 13. 45: Santamaria, A.B., 2008. Manganese exposure, essentiality and toxicity. Indian J. Med. Res., 128: 484-500. 46: Suarez, J., M.D. Herrera and E. Marhuenda, 1996. Hesperidin and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone on different experimental models of induced gastric ulcer. Phytother. Res., 10: 616-618. 47: Serio-Silva, J.C., V. Rico-Gray, L.T. Hernandez-Salazar and R. Espinosa-Gomez, 2002. The role of Ficus (Moraceae) in the diet and nutrition of a troop of Mexican howler monkeys, Alouatta palliata mexicana, released on an island in southern Veracruz, Mexico. J. Trop. Ecol., 18: 913-928. 48: Aris, S.R.S., S. Mustafa, N. Ahmat, F.M. Jaafar and R. Ahmad, 2009. 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Ficus deltoidea: Review on background and recent pharmacological potential
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Ficus deltoidea is a native plant of Malaysia which is very potential plant for varied purposes. It has diversed morphology and was spread throughout Malaysia and adjacent countries. Its great potential had been valued by the old folks and now it is getting famous as more attention given in exploring herbs as an alternative for medicine. Ficus deltoidea is an ultimate source of antioxidant and natural products. It is commercialized as tea and is proposed as a possible supplement for type II diabetes patients. Ficus deltoidea studied for its numerous pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, anti-inflammation and antinociceptive activity, wound healing activity, antiulcerogenic effect, antibacterial, anticancer and also it’s potential as an uterotonic agent. This article review provide more thorough information about F. deltoidea plants in detail in term of plant, origin, morphology, ecology, variety, commercial usage and its pharmacological benefits.
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Ficus deltoidea: Review on background and recent pharmacological potential
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Ficus deltoidea: Review on background and recent pharmacological potential
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Ficus deltoidea: Review on background and recent pharmacological potential
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Ficus deltoidea: Review on background and recent pharmacological potential
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Ficus deltoidea: Review on background and recent pharmacological potential
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ficus deltoidea: review on background and recent pharmacological potential
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