Post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among school-going children exposed to a tsunami disaster in Malaysia
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| date | 2015-09-28 09:18:50 |
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| id | 12353 |
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| internalnotes | 1. Yule, W., Bolton, D., Udwin, O., Boyle, S., O’Ryan, D., Nurrish, J. The long-term Psychological Effects of a Disaster Experienced in Adolescence : The Incidence and Course of PTSD. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2000; 41(4): 503-511. 2. Davis, L., Siegel, L.J. Posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: A review and analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 2000; 3( 3). 3. Holbrook, T., Hyot, D.V., Coimbra, R., Potenza, B., Sise, M., Anderson, J. Longterm posttraumatic stress disorder persists after major trauma in adolescents: New data on risk factors and functional outcome. Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care 2005; 58(4): 764-771 4. Jensen, T.K., Dy , G., Nygaard, E. A Lomgitudinal study of Posttraumatic Stress Reactions in Norwegian Children and Adolescents exposed to the 2004 Tsunami wave. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Medicine, 2009; 163(9):856 5. Ghazali, S.R., Elklit, A., Yaman, K., Ahmad, M. Symptoms of PTSD among adolescents in Malaysia 4 years following the 2004 tsunami. Journal of Loss and Trauma 2009; 18: 260-274 6. Neuner, F., Schauer, E., Ruf, M., Elbert, T. Post-traumatic stress: A study of posttaumatic stress disorder in children living in three severely affected regions in Sri Lanka. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2006; 19(3): 339-347 7. Vaux, A., Riedel, S. & Stewart, D. 1978. Models of social support behaviors (SS-B) Scale. American Journal of Community Psychology; 15: 209-237. 8. Eyeberg, S.M., Ross, A.W. Assessment of child behavior problem: The validation of a new inventory. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 1978; 7: 113-116. 9. Ronan, K. The Effects of a”Benign” Disaster: Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress in Children Following a Series of Volcanic Eruption: The Australian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies 1997. Available at www.massey.ac.nz/~trauma/issues1997- 1/ronanl.htm 10. Russoniello, C.V., Skalko, T.K., O’Brien K, McGhee, S. A., Bingham-Alexander, D. & Beatley, J. Childhood postttraumatic stress disorder and efforts to cope after Hurricane Floyd. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2002; 28(2):61-71. 11. John, P.B., Russell, S., Russell, P.S.S.The Prevalence of {Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Children and adolescents Affected by Tsunami Disaster in Tamil Nadu. Disaster Management and Response 2007; 5:3-7 12. La Greca, A., Silverman, W., Vernberg, E. & Prienstein, M. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in children after Hurricane Andrew: A prospective study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1996; 64:712-723 13. Shannon, M.P., Lonigan, L.J., Finch, A.J. & Taylor, C.M. Children exposed to disaster. Epidemiology of post traumatic symptoms and symptom profiles. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 1994; 33: 555-574. 14. Masten, A., Coatsworth, D. The development of competence in favaourable and unfavaourable environments: Lessons from research on successful children. American Psychologist 1998; 53: 771-777. 15. Ursano, R .J., Fullerton, C. S., Norwood, A. E. Psychiatric Dimensions of Disaster: Patient care, community consultations and preventive medicine. Harvard Review Psychiatry 1995; 3: 196-209. 16. Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Karunakara, U., Klaschik, C., Robert, C., Elbert, T. Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees. BMC Psychiatry, 2004; 4(34) 17. Saigh, P.A. The Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following Four different Types of Traumatization. Behavior Research and Therapy 1991; 29: 213-216 18. March, J.S., Amaya-Jackson, L., Terry, R., Costanzo, P. Posttraumatic symptomatology in children and adolescents after an industrial fire. Am Acad Child Adoles Psychiatry 1997; 36(8):1080-8. 19. Pferfferbaum, B.1997. Posttraumatic stress disorder in children: A review in the past ten years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1997; 36:1503- 1511. 20. Lund, C., Breen, A., Flisher, A.J., Kakuma, R., Corrigall, J.,Joska, J.A., Swartz, L., Patel, V. Poverty and common mental disorders in low and middle income countries: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine 2010; 71(3): 517-528 nb bnb v vb v 21. Atlas, J.A., Discipio, W.J., Swhartz, R. & Sessoms, L. Symptom correlates among adolescents showing posttraumatic stress disorder versus conduct disorder. Psychological Reports 1991; 69: 920-922. 22. Hsu, C.C., Chong, M. Y., Yang, P., Yen, C.F. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among adolescent earthquake victims in Taiwan. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2002; 41(7):875-81 |
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| spelling | 12353 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=12353 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection407072 Restricted Document Article Journal UniSZA Unisza unisza image/jpeg inches 96 96 789 1413 33 33 2015-09-28 09:18:50 1413x789 6653-01-FH02-FP-15-03804.jpg UniSZA Private Access Post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among school-going children exposed to a tsunami disaster in Malaysia Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric diagnosis made when someone including children who experiences traumatic stressor. Those who are exposed to a more severe trauma have highest level of PTSD. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of PTSD and its associated factors among 219 children who were affected by a form of natural disaster which is the tsunami waves in a rural area in Malaysia. A cross sectional study was carried out among children aged 10-12 years 6 months after the traumatic event. Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder –Reaction Index (CPTSD-RI) was used as a screening instrument which was answered by the affected children through a self-administered questionnaire. Forty six percent of these children had PTSD symptoms; 31.1% of these children had mild, 11.4% had moderate, 3.7% had severe PTSD and none had very severe PTSD. Result also showed that 91.8% had re-experiencing symptoms, 28.3% had numbing/avoidance symptoms and 49.3% had hyperarousal symptoms. Children with low social support (Adj OR = 2.3 (95% CI: = 1.3- 4.2)), and children who experienced deaths among someone close to them (Adj OR = 3.7 (95% CI =1.2 - 11.5)) were more likely to have symptoms of PTSD. This showed that children are at higher risk of developing PTSD as early as 6 months after the event and thus early intervention should be offered to them. Future longitudinal study can be carried out among affected children to assess whether these PTSD symptoms persist over time. 15 3 Malaysian Public Health Physicians Association Malaysian Public Health Physicians Association 112-121 1. Yule, W., Bolton, D., Udwin, O., Boyle, S., O’Ryan, D., Nurrish, J. The long-term Psychological Effects of a Disaster Experienced in Adolescence : The Incidence and Course of PTSD. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2000; 41(4): 503-511. 2. Davis, L., Siegel, L.J. Posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: A review and analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 2000; 3( 3). 3. Holbrook, T., Hyot, D.V., Coimbra, R., Potenza, B., Sise, M., Anderson, J. Longterm posttraumatic stress disorder persists after major trauma in adolescents: New data on risk factors and functional outcome. Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care 2005; 58(4): 764-771 4. Jensen, T.K., Dy , G., Nygaard, E. A Lomgitudinal study of Posttraumatic Stress Reactions in Norwegian Children and Adolescents exposed to the 2004 Tsunami wave. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Medicine, 2009; 163(9):856 5. Ghazali, S.R., Elklit, A., Yaman, K., Ahmad, M. Symptoms of PTSD among adolescents in Malaysia 4 years following the 2004 tsunami. Journal of Loss and Trauma 2009; 18: 260-274 6. Neuner, F., Schauer, E., Ruf, M., Elbert, T. Post-traumatic stress: A study of posttaumatic stress disorder in children living in three severely affected regions in Sri Lanka. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2006; 19(3): 339-347 7. Vaux, A., Riedel, S. & Stewart, D. 1978. Models of social support behaviors (SS-B) Scale. American Journal of Community Psychology; 15: 209-237. 8. Eyeberg, S.M., Ross, A.W. Assessment of child behavior problem: The validation of a new inventory. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 1978; 7: 113-116. 9. Ronan, K. The Effects of a”Benign” Disaster: Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress in Children Following a Series of Volcanic Eruption: The Australian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies 1997. Available at www.massey.ac.nz/~trauma/issues1997- 1/ronanl.htm 10. Russoniello, C.V., Skalko, T.K., O’Brien K, McGhee, S. A., Bingham-Alexander, D. & Beatley, J. Childhood postttraumatic stress disorder and efforts to cope after Hurricane Floyd. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2002; 28(2):61-71. 11. John, P.B., Russell, S., Russell, P.S.S.The Prevalence of {Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Children and adolescents Affected by Tsunami Disaster in Tamil Nadu. Disaster Management and Response 2007; 5:3-7 12. La Greca, A., Silverman, W., Vernberg, E. & Prienstein, M. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in children after Hurricane Andrew: A prospective study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1996; 64:712-723 13. Shannon, M.P., Lonigan, L.J., Finch, A.J. & Taylor, C.M. Children exposed to disaster. Epidemiology of post traumatic symptoms and symptom profiles. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 1994; 33: 555-574. 14. Masten, A., Coatsworth, D. The development of competence in favaourable and unfavaourable environments: Lessons from research on successful children. American Psychologist 1998; 53: 771-777. 15. Ursano, R .J., Fullerton, C. S., Norwood, A. E. Psychiatric Dimensions of Disaster: Patient care, community consultations and preventive medicine. Harvard Review Psychiatry 1995; 3: 196-209. 16. Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Karunakara, U., Klaschik, C., Robert, C., Elbert, T. Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees. BMC Psychiatry, 2004; 4(34) 17. Saigh, P.A. The Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following Four different Types of Traumatization. Behavior Research and Therapy 1991; 29: 213-216 18. March, J.S., Amaya-Jackson, L., Terry, R., Costanzo, P. Posttraumatic symptomatology in children and adolescents after an industrial fire. Am Acad Child Adoles Psychiatry 1997; 36(8):1080-8. 19. Pferfferbaum, B.1997. Posttraumatic stress disorder in children: A review in the past ten years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1997; 36:1503- 1511. 20. Lund, C., Breen, A., Flisher, A.J., Kakuma, R., Corrigall, J.,Joska, J.A., Swartz, L., Patel, V. Poverty and common mental disorders in low and middle income countries: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine 2010; 71(3): 517-528 nb bnb v vb v 21. Atlas, J.A., Discipio, W.J., Swhartz, R. & Sessoms, L. Symptom correlates among adolescents showing posttraumatic stress disorder versus conduct disorder. Psychological Reports 1991; 69: 920-922. 22. Hsu, C.C., Chong, M. Y., Yang, P., Yen, C.F. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among adolescent earthquake victims in Taiwan. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2002; 41(7):875-81 |
| spellingShingle | Post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among school-going children exposed to a tsunami disaster in Malaysia |
| summary | Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric diagnosis made when someone including children who experiences traumatic stressor. Those who are exposed to a more severe trauma have highest level of PTSD. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of PTSD and its associated factors among 219 children who were affected by a form of natural disaster which is the tsunami waves in a rural area in Malaysia. A cross sectional study was carried out among children aged 10-12 years 6 months after the traumatic event. Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder –Reaction Index (CPTSD-RI) was used as a screening instrument which was answered by the affected children through a self-administered questionnaire. Forty six percent of these children had PTSD symptoms; 31.1% of these children had mild, 11.4% had moderate, 3.7% had severe PTSD and none had very severe PTSD. Result also showed that 91.8% had re-experiencing symptoms, 28.3% had numbing/avoidance symptoms and 49.3% had hyperarousal symptoms. Children with low social support (Adj OR = 2.3 (95% CI: = 1.3- 4.2)), and children who experienced deaths among someone close to them (Adj OR = 3.7 (95% CI =1.2 - 11.5)) were more likely to have symptoms of PTSD. This showed that children are at higher risk of developing PTSD as early as 6 months after the event and thus early intervention should be offered to them. Future longitudinal study can be carried out among affected children to assess whether these PTSD symptoms persist over time. |
| title | Post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among school-going children exposed to a tsunami disaster in Malaysia |
| title_full | Post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among school-going children exposed to a tsunami disaster in Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among school-going children exposed to a tsunami disaster in Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among school-going children exposed to a tsunami disaster in Malaysia |
| title_short | Post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among school-going children exposed to a tsunami disaster in Malaysia |
| title_sort | post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors among school-going children exposed to a tsunami disaster in malaysia |