Effects of extracting solvents on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and anti-oxidant activity of Andrographis paniculata from Kemaman, Malaysia (Article)
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| internalnotes | [1] Bajpai, M., Pande, A., Tewari, S. K., & Prakash, D. (2005). Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of some food and medicinal plants. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 56(4), 287–91. [2] Blainski, A., Lopes, G. C., & De Mello, J. C. P. (2013). Application and analysis of the folin ciocalteu method for the determination of the total phenolic content from limonium brasiliense L. Molecules, 18(6), 6852–6865. [3] Borris, R. P. (1996). Natural products research: perspectives from a major pharmaceutical company. J Ethnopharmacol, 51(1-3), 29–38. [4] Cai, C.-L., Martin, J. C., Sun, Y., Cui, L., Wang, L., Ouyang, K., … Evans, S. M. (2009). Cai et al. reply. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature07917 [5] Cordell, G. A. (1995). Review article number 109: Changing strategies in natural products chemistry. Phytochemistry, 40(6), 1585–1612. [6] Duraipandiyan, V., Ayyanar, M., & Ignacimuthu, S. (2006). Antimicrobial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamil Nadu, India. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 6, 35. [7] Halliwell, B. (1995). How to characterize an antioxidant: an update. Biochemical Society Symposium, 61, 73–101. [8] Henríquez, C., Almonacid, S., Chiffelle, I., Valenzuela, T., Araya, M., Cabezas, L., … Speisky, H. (2010). DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY , TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT FRUIT TISSUE OF FIVE APPLE CULTIVARS GROWN IN CHILE. Chilean J. Agric. Res., 70(4), 523–536. [9] Hertog, M. G., Feskens, E. J., Hollman, P. C., Katan, M. B., & Kromhout, D. (1993). Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet, 342(8878), 1007–1011. [10] Hosu, A., Cristea, V. M., & Cimpoiu, C. (2014). Analysis of total phenolic, flavonoids, anthocyanins and tannins content in Romanian red wines: Prediction of antioxidant activities and classification of wines using artificial neural networks. Food Chemistry, 150, 113–118. [11] ISMAIL, A., MARJAN, Z., & FOONG, C. (2004). Total antioxidant activity and phenolic content in selected vegetables. Food Chemistry. [12] Jarukamjorn, K., Kondo, S., Chatuphonprasert, W., Sakuma, T., Kawasaki, Y., & Nemoto, N. (2010). Gender-associated modulation of inducible CYP1A1 expression by andrographolide in mouse liver. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 39(5), 394–401. [13] Jarukamjorn, K., & Nemoto, N. (2008). Pharmacological Aspects of Andrographis paniculata on Health and Its Major Diterpenoid Constituent Andrographolide. Journal of Health Science, 54(4), 370–381. [14] Jayakumar, T., Hsieh, C. Y., Lee, J. J., & Sheu, J. R. (2013). Experimental and clinical pharmacology of andrographis paniculata and its major bioactive phytoconstituent andrographolide. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. [15] Kahkonen, M. P., Hopia, A. I., Vuorela, H. J., Rauha, J. P., Pihlaja, K., Kujala, T. S., & Heinonen, M. (1999). Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem, 47(10), 3954–3962. [16] Kedage, V. V, Tilak, J. C., Dixit, G. B., Devasagayam, T. P. A., & Mhatre, M. (2007). A study of antioxidant properties of some varieties of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 47(2), 175–185. [17] Marinova, D., Ribarova, F., & Atanassova, M. (2005). Total phenolics and total flavonoids in bulgarian fruits and vegetables. Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 40, 255–260. [18] Martini, L. H., Jung, F., Soares, F. A., Rotta, L. N., Vendite, D. A., Frizzo, M. E. D. S., … Souza, D. O. (2007). Naturally occurring compounds affect glutamatergic neurotransmission in rat brain. Neurochemical Research, 32(11), 1950–6. [19] Mukherjee, P. K., Maiti, K., Mukherjee, K., & Houghton, P. J. (2006). Leads from Indian medicinal plants with hypoglycemic potentials. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. [20] Musa, K. H., Abdullah, A., Kuswandi, B., & Hidayat, M. A. (2013). A novel high throughput method based on the DPPH dry reagent array for determination of antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry, 141(4), 4102–4106. [21] Phillips, E. L. R., Arnett, D. K., Himes, J. H., McGovern, P. G., Blackburn, H., & Luepker, R. V. (2000). Differences and trends in antioxidant dietary intake in smokers and non-smokers, 1980-1992: The Minnesota Heart Survey. Annals of Epidemiology, 10(7), 417–423. [22] Rafat, A., Philip, K., & Muniandy, S. (2010). Antioxidant potential and content of phenolic compounds in ethanolic extracts of selected parts of Andrographis paniculata, 4(February), 197–202. [23] Sen, S., & Chakraborty, R. (2011). The Role of Antioxidants in Human Health. In Oxidative Stress: Diagnostics, Prevention, and Therapy (Vol. 1083, pp. 1–37). American Chemical Society. [24] Sen, S., Chakraborty, R., Sridhar, C., Reddy, Y. S. R., & De, B. (2010). Free radicals, antioxidants, diseases and phytomedicines: Current status and future prospect. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 3(1), 91–100. [25] Sen, S., De, B., Devanna, N., & Chakraborty, R. (2013). Total phenolic, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity of the leaves of Meyna spinosa Roxb., an Indian medicinal plant. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 11(2), 149–157. [26] Shirwaikar, A., Patel, B., Kamariya, Y., Parmar, V., & Khan, S. (2011). In vitro Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Defatted Ethanolic Extract of the Seeds of Lepidium sativum Linn. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 9(6), 435–440. [27] Tharasena, B., & Lawan, S. (2014). Phenolics, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity of Vegetables as Thai Side Dish. APCBEE Procedia, 8(Caas 2013), 99–104. [28] Valko, M., Leibfritz, D., Moncol, J., Cronin, M. T. D., Mazur, M., & Telser, J. (2007). Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 39(1), 44–84. [29] Wang, Y., Jiang, Z.-Z., Chen, M., Wu, M.-J., Guo, H.-L., Sun, L.-X., … Zhang, L.-Y. (2014). Protective effect of total flavonoid C-glycosides from Abrus mollis extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced lipotoxicity in mice. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 12(6), 461–468. [30] Yuri, J. A., Neira, A., Quilodran, A., Motomura, Y., & Palomo, I. (2009). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics concentration in apple peel and flesh is determined by cultivar and agroclimatic growing regions in Chile. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 7(3-4), 513–517. |
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| spelling | 12290 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=12290 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection407072 Restricted Document Article Journal UniSZA Unisza unisza image/jpeg inches 96 96 06 06 798 2015-09-03 11:03:40 1105x798 1105 6590-01-FH02-FP-15-03720.jpg UniSZA Private Access Effects of extracting solvents on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and anti-oxidant activity of Andrographis paniculata from Kemaman, Malaysia (Article) Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Andrographis paniculata Nee belonging to the family Acanthaceae, is common in Malaysia, Thailand and India. Traditionally, it has been used to treat many diseases including diabetes, upper respiratory tract infections and diarrhoea. The effect of extracting solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, 50% ethanol/water and aqueous) on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity of whole Andrographis paniculata was studied. TPC was measured using Folin-Cioucalteu method while TFC was determined using aluminium chloride method. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The aqueous extract recorded the highest phenolic content (184.48 mg GAE/g), followed by ethanol:water (1:1 v/v), methanol and ethyl acetate (178.79, 58.78, 9.37 mg GAE/g) respectively. One way ANOVA showed that the TPC of aqueous and ethanol:water extracts did not differ significantly at p˂0.05 among them but they differed from the other two extracts. Similarly, ethyl acetate extract recorded the highest TFC (0.44 mg QE/g) while methanol, ethanol:water and aqueous had similar average values for TFC at 0.43 mg QE/g. Consequently, the value for ethyl acetate extract was statistically different with the three others. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of ethanol:water indicated a good IC50 (93.30µg/ml) as compared to the standard (quercetin at 20 µg/ml) used in the experiment, while the other extracts have activity below 50%. The result of this study showed that TPC, TFC as well as antioxidant activity was influenced by extracting solvents and the choice of solvent for further study is suggested to be combination of ethanol:water. This is because it is similar statistically to aqueous in phenolic content and has highest antioxidant activity, which is beneficial for many diseases. 6 3 1397-1404 [1] Bajpai, M., Pande, A., Tewari, S. K., & Prakash, D. (2005). Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of some food and medicinal plants. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 56(4), 287–91. [2] Blainski, A., Lopes, G. C., & De Mello, J. C. P. (2013). Application and analysis of the folin ciocalteu method for the determination of the total phenolic content from limonium brasiliense L. Molecules, 18(6), 6852–6865. [3] Borris, R. P. (1996). Natural products research: perspectives from a major pharmaceutical company. J Ethnopharmacol, 51(1-3), 29–38. [4] Cai, C.-L., Martin, J. C., Sun, Y., Cui, L., Wang, L., Ouyang, K., … Evans, S. M. (2009). Cai et al. reply. Nature. doi:10.1038/nature07917 [5] Cordell, G. A. (1995). Review article number 109: Changing strategies in natural products chemistry. Phytochemistry, 40(6), 1585–1612. [6] Duraipandiyan, V., Ayyanar, M., & Ignacimuthu, S. (2006). Antimicrobial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamil Nadu, India. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 6, 35. [7] Halliwell, B. (1995). How to characterize an antioxidant: an update. Biochemical Society Symposium, 61, 73–101. [8] Henríquez, C., Almonacid, S., Chiffelle, I., Valenzuela, T., Araya, M., Cabezas, L., … Speisky, H. (2010). DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY , TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT FRUIT TISSUE OF FIVE APPLE CULTIVARS GROWN IN CHILE. Chilean J. Agric. Res., 70(4), 523–536. [9] Hertog, M. G., Feskens, E. J., Hollman, P. C., Katan, M. B., & Kromhout, D. (1993). Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet, 342(8878), 1007–1011. [10] Hosu, A., Cristea, V. M., & Cimpoiu, C. (2014). Analysis of total phenolic, flavonoids, anthocyanins and tannins content in Romanian red wines: Prediction of antioxidant activities and classification of wines using artificial neural networks. Food Chemistry, 150, 113–118. [11] ISMAIL, A., MARJAN, Z., & FOONG, C. (2004). Total antioxidant activity and phenolic content in selected vegetables. Food Chemistry. [12] Jarukamjorn, K., Kondo, S., Chatuphonprasert, W., Sakuma, T., Kawasaki, Y., & Nemoto, N. (2010). Gender-associated modulation of inducible CYP1A1 expression by andrographolide in mouse liver. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 39(5), 394–401. [13] Jarukamjorn, K., & Nemoto, N. (2008). Pharmacological Aspects of Andrographis paniculata on Health and Its Major Diterpenoid Constituent Andrographolide. Journal of Health Science, 54(4), 370–381. [14] Jayakumar, T., Hsieh, C. Y., Lee, J. J., & Sheu, J. R. (2013). Experimental and clinical pharmacology of andrographis paniculata and its major bioactive phytoconstituent andrographolide. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. [15] Kahkonen, M. P., Hopia, A. I., Vuorela, H. J., Rauha, J. P., Pihlaja, K., Kujala, T. S., & Heinonen, M. (1999). Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem, 47(10), 3954–3962. [16] Kedage, V. V, Tilak, J. C., Dixit, G. B., Devasagayam, T. P. A., & Mhatre, M. (2007). A study of antioxidant properties of some varieties of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 47(2), 175–185. [17] Marinova, D., Ribarova, F., & Atanassova, M. (2005). Total phenolics and total flavonoids in bulgarian fruits and vegetables. Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 40, 255–260. [18] Martini, L. H., Jung, F., Soares, F. A., Rotta, L. N., Vendite, D. A., Frizzo, M. E. D. S., … Souza, D. O. (2007). Naturally occurring compounds affect glutamatergic neurotransmission in rat brain. Neurochemical Research, 32(11), 1950–6. [19] Mukherjee, P. K., Maiti, K., Mukherjee, K., & Houghton, P. J. (2006). Leads from Indian medicinal plants with hypoglycemic potentials. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. [20] Musa, K. H., Abdullah, A., Kuswandi, B., & Hidayat, M. A. (2013). A novel high throughput method based on the DPPH dry reagent array for determination of antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry, 141(4), 4102–4106. [21] Phillips, E. L. R., Arnett, D. K., Himes, J. H., McGovern, P. G., Blackburn, H., & Luepker, R. V. (2000). Differences and trends in antioxidant dietary intake in smokers and non-smokers, 1980-1992: The Minnesota Heart Survey. Annals of Epidemiology, 10(7), 417–423. [22] Rafat, A., Philip, K., & Muniandy, S. (2010). Antioxidant potential and content of phenolic compounds in ethanolic extracts of selected parts of Andrographis paniculata, 4(February), 197–202. [23] Sen, S., & Chakraborty, R. (2011). The Role of Antioxidants in Human Health. In Oxidative Stress: Diagnostics, Prevention, and Therapy (Vol. 1083, pp. 1–37). American Chemical Society. [24] Sen, S., Chakraborty, R., Sridhar, C., Reddy, Y. S. R., & De, B. (2010). Free radicals, antioxidants, diseases and phytomedicines: Current status and future prospect. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 3(1), 91–100. [25] Sen, S., De, B., Devanna, N., & Chakraborty, R. (2013). Total phenolic, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity of the leaves of Meyna spinosa Roxb., an Indian medicinal plant. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 11(2), 149–157. [26] Shirwaikar, A., Patel, B., Kamariya, Y., Parmar, V., & Khan, S. (2011). In vitro Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Defatted Ethanolic Extract of the Seeds of Lepidium sativum Linn. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 9(6), 435–440. [27] Tharasena, B., & Lawan, S. (2014). Phenolics, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity of Vegetables as Thai Side Dish. APCBEE Procedia, 8(Caas 2013), 99–104. [28] Valko, M., Leibfritz, D., Moncol, J., Cronin, M. T. D., Mazur, M., & Telser, J. (2007). Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 39(1), 44–84. [29] Wang, Y., Jiang, Z.-Z., Chen, M., Wu, M.-J., Guo, H.-L., Sun, L.-X., … Zhang, L.-Y. (2014). Protective effect of total flavonoid C-glycosides from Abrus mollis extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced lipotoxicity in mice. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 12(6), 461–468. [30] Yuri, J. A., Neira, A., Quilodran, A., Motomura, Y., & Palomo, I. (2009). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics concentration in apple peel and flesh is determined by cultivar and agroclimatic growing regions in Chile. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 7(3-4), 513–517. |
| spellingShingle | Effects of extracting solvents on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and anti-oxidant activity of Andrographis paniculata from Kemaman, Malaysia (Article) |
| summary | Andrographis paniculata Nee belonging to the family Acanthaceae, is common in Malaysia, Thailand and India. Traditionally, it has been used to treat many diseases including diabetes, upper respiratory tract infections and diarrhoea. The effect of extracting solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, 50% ethanol/water and aqueous) on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity of whole Andrographis paniculata was studied. TPC was measured using Folin-Cioucalteu method while TFC was determined using aluminium chloride method. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The aqueous extract recorded the highest phenolic content (184.48 mg GAE/g), followed by ethanol:water (1:1 v/v), methanol and ethyl acetate (178.79, 58.78, 9.37 mg GAE/g) respectively. One way ANOVA showed that the TPC of aqueous and ethanol:water extracts did not differ significantly at p˂0.05 among them but they differed from the other two extracts. Similarly, ethyl acetate extract recorded the highest TFC (0.44 mg QE/g) while methanol, ethanol:water and aqueous had similar average values for TFC at 0.43 mg QE/g. Consequently, the value for ethyl acetate extract was statistically different with the three others. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of ethanol:water indicated a good IC50 (93.30µg/ml) as compared to the standard (quercetin at 20 µg/ml) used in the experiment, while the other extracts have activity below 50%. The result of this study showed that TPC, TFC as well as antioxidant activity was influenced by extracting solvents and the choice of solvent for further study is suggested to be combination of ethanol:water. This is because it is similar statistically to aqueous in phenolic content and has highest antioxidant activity, which is beneficial for many diseases. |
| title | Effects of extracting solvents on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and anti-oxidant activity of Andrographis paniculata from Kemaman, Malaysia (Article) |
| title_full | Effects of extracting solvents on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and anti-oxidant activity of Andrographis paniculata from Kemaman, Malaysia (Article) |
| title_fullStr | Effects of extracting solvents on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and anti-oxidant activity of Andrographis paniculata from Kemaman, Malaysia (Article) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of extracting solvents on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and anti-oxidant activity of Andrographis paniculata from Kemaman, Malaysia (Article) |
| title_short | Effects of extracting solvents on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and anti-oxidant activity of Andrographis paniculata from Kemaman, Malaysia (Article) |
| title_sort | effects of extracting solvents on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and anti-oxidant activity of andrographis paniculata from kemaman, malaysia (article) |