Detection and quantification of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish by using multiplex PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay
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| internalnotes | Alam, M. J., Tomochika, K., Miyoshi, S., & Shinoda, S. (2001). Analysis of seawaters for the recovery of culturable Vibrio parahaemolyticus and some other Vibrio. Microbiology and Immunology, 45, 393-397. Bej, A. K., Patterson, D. P., Brasher, C. W., Vickery, M. C. L., Jones, D. D., & Kaysner, C. A. (1999). Detection of total and hemolysin-producing Vibrio para- haemolyticus in shellfish using multiplex PCR amplification of tl, tdh and trh. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 36, 215-225. Bilung, L. M., Radu, S., Bahaman, A. R., Rahim, R. A., Napis, S., Wong, C. V. L. M., et al. (2005). Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in clam (Anadara granosa) by PCR. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 252, 85-88. Burnham, V. E., Janes, M. E., Jakus, L. A., Supan, J., DePaola, A., & Bell, J. (2009). Growth and survival differences of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains during cold storage. Journal of Food Science, 74, 314-318. Chen, S., & Ge, B. (2010). Development of a toxR-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus. BMC Microbiology, 10(41), 1-9. Copin, S., Robert-Pillot, A., Malle, P., Quilici, M. L., & Gay, M. (2012). Evaluation of most-probable-number-PCR method with internal amplification control for the counting of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Frozen shrimps. Journal of Food Protection, 75(1), 150-153. Daniels, N. A., & Shafaie, A. (2000). A review of pathogenic Vibrio infection for clinicans. Infections in Medicine, 17(10), 665-685. DePaola, A., Nordstrom, J. L., Bowers, J. C., Wells, J. G., & Cook, D. W. (2003). Seasonal abundance of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Alabama oysters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(3), 1521-1526. Fujino, T., Okuno, Y., Nakada, D., Aoyama, A., Fukai, K., Mukai, T., et al. (1953). On the bacteriological examination of shirasu-food poisoning. Medical Journal of Osaka University, 4, 299-304. García, K., Torres, R., Uribe, P., Hernandez, C., Rioseco, M. L., Romero, J., et al. (2009). Dynamics of clinical and environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains during seafood-related summer diarrhea outbreaks in southern Chile. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75(23), 7482-7487. Hara-Kudo, Y., Sugiyama, K., Nishibuchi, M., Chowdhury, A., Yatsuyanagi, J., Ohtomo, Y., et al. (2003). Prevalence of pandemic thermostable direct hemolysin-producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 in seafood and the coastal environment in Japan. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(7), 3883-3891. Henegariu, O., Heerema, N. A., Dlouhy, S. R., Vance, G. H., & Vogt, P. H. (1997). Multiplex PCR: critical parameters and Step-by-Step Protocol. Biotechniques, 23, 504-511. Kaysner, C. A., & DePaola, A. (2000). Outbreaks of Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis from raw oyster consumption: assessing the risk of consumption and genetic methods for detection of pathogenic strains. Journal of Shellfish Research, 19, 657. Kim, Y. B., Okuda, J., Matsumoto, C., Takahashi, N., Hashimoto, S., & Nishibuchi, M. (1999). Identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains at the species level by PCR targeted to the toxR gene. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37, 1173-1177. Lee, K. K., Liu, P. S., & Huang, C. Y. (2003). Vibrio parahaemolyticus infectious for both humans and edible mollusk abalone. Microbes and Infection, 5, 481-485. Martinez-Urtaza, J., Lozano-Leon, A., Varela-Pet, J., Trinanes, J., Pazos, Y., & Garcia- Martin, O. (2008). Environmental determinants of the occurrence and distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Rias of Galicia, Spain. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74, 265-274. Mohammad, A. R., Hashim, J. K., Gunasalam, J., & Radu, S. (2005). Microbiological risk assessment: Risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Black Tiger Prawn (Penaeus monodon). Technical report. Malaysia: Ministry of Health. Nakaguchi, Y. (2013). Contamination by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its virulent strains in seafood marketed in Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia. Tropical Medicine and Health, 41(3), 95-102. Nemoto, J., Ikedo, M., Kojima, T., Momoda, T., Konuma, H., & Hara-Kudo, Y. (2011). Development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Journal of Food Protection, 74, 1462-1467. Nishibuchi, M., & Kaper, J. B. (1995). Thermostable direct hemolysin gene of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a virulence gene acquired by a marine bacterium. Infection and Immunity, 63, 2093-2099. No, A. R., Okada, K., Kogure, K., & Park, K. S. (2011). Rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by PCR targeted to the histone-like nucleoid structure (H-NS) gene and its genetic characterization. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 53(2), 127e133. Noorlis, A., Ghazali, F. M., Cheah, Y. K., Tuan Zainazor, T. C., Ponniah, J., Tunung, R., et al. (2011). Prevalence and quantification of Vibrio species and Vibrio para- haemolyticus in freshwater fish at hypermarket level. International Food Research Journal, 18, 689-695. Nordstorm, J. L., Vickery, M. C. L., Blackstone, G. M., Murray, S. L., & DePaolo, A. (2007). Development of a multiplex real-time PCR assay with an internal amplification control for the detection of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria in oysters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73(18), 5840-5847. Notomi, T., Okayama, H., Masubuchi, H., Yonekawa, T., Watanabe, K., Amino, N., et al. (2000). Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Research, 28, E63. Panicker, G., Call, D. R., Krug, M. J., & Bej, A. K. (2004). Detection of pathogenic Vibrio spp. in shellfish by using multiplex PCR and DNA microarrays. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(12), 7436-7444. Parveen, S., Hettiarachchi, K. A., Bowers, J. C., Jones, J. L., Tamplin, M. L., McKay, R., et al. (2008). Seasonal distribution of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Chesapeake Bay oysters and waters. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 128(2), 354-361. Rodriguez-Castro, A., Ansede-Bermejo, J., Blanco-Abad, V., Varela-Pet, J., Garcia- Martin, O., & Martinez-Urtaza, J. (2009). Prevalence and genetic diversity of pathogenic populations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in coastal waters of Galicia, Spain. Environment Microbiology Reports, 2(1), 58-66. Rosec, J. P., Simon, M., Causse, V., & Boudjemaa, M. (2009). Detection of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish: comparison of PCR protocols using pR72H or toxR targets with a culture method. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 129, 136-145. Shimohata, T., & Takahashi, A. (2010). Diarrhea induced by infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The Journal of Medical Investigation, 57(3,4), 179-182. Shinoda, S. (2011). Sixty years from the discovery of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and some recollections. Biocontrol Science, 16(1), 129-137. Su, Y. C., & Liu, C. (2007). Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a concern of seafood safety. Food Microbiology, 24, 549-558. Sujeewa, A. K. W., Norrakiah, A. S., & Laina, M. (2009). Prevalence of toxic genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shrimps (Penaeus monodon) and culture environ- ment. International Food Research Journal, 16, 89-95. Tada, J., Ohashi, T., Nishimura, N., Shirasaki, Y., Ozaki, H., Fukushima, S., et al. (1992). Detection of thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh) and thermostable direct- related hemolysin gene (trh) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by polymerase chain reaction. Molecular and Cellular Probes, 64, 477-487. Tanaka, N., Iwade, Y., Yamazaki, W., Gondaira, F., Vuddhakul, V., Nakaguchi, Y., & Nishibuchi, M. (2014). Most-probable-number loop-mediated isothermal amplification based procedure enhanced with K antigen-specific immuno- magnetic separation for quantification tdh(þ) Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Molluscan Shellfishes. Journal Food Protection, 7(7), 1078-1085. U.S Food and Drug Administration. (2011). Fish and fishery hazards and controls guidance (4th ed.). Yamamoto, A., Nishibuchi, M., Kasuga, F., Yamamoto, S., Toyofuku, H., Shigematsu, M., et al. (2008). Quantitative modeling for risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in bloody clams in southern Thailand. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 124(1), 70-78. Yamazaki, W., Ishibashi, M., Kawahara, R., & Inoue, K. (2008). Development of a loopmediated isothermal amplification assay for sensitive and rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. BMC Microbiology, 8, 163. Yamazaki, W., Kumeda, Y., Misawa, N., Nakaguchi, Y., & Nishibuchi, M. (2010). Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for sensitive and rapid detection of the tdh and trh genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and related Vibrio species. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 76(3), 820-828. Yeung, P. S., & Boor, K. J. (2004). Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of foodborne Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections. Foodborne Pathogens and Diseases, 1, 74-88. Zimmerman, A. M., DePaola, A., Bowers, J. C., Krantz, J. A., Nordstrom, J. L., Johnson, C. N., et al. (2007). Variability of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus densities in northern Gulf of Mexico water and oysters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73, 7589-7596. |
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| spelling | 11476 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=11476 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection407072 Restricted Document Article Journal UniSZA Unisza unisza image/jpeg inches 96 96 1421 70 70 793 2014-12-04 12:20:48 1421x793 5723-01-FH02-FBIM-14-01928.jpg UniSZA Private Access Detection and quantification of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish by using multiplex PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay Food Control Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic bacterium that commonly inhabits the marine and estuarine environments. This organism is also one of the leading causative pathogen of gastroenteritis often related to consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. In this study, molluscan shellfish (bloody clams and surf clams) and crustaceans (shrimps) were monitored in wet markets and hypermarkets. Two molecular methods were employed and compared to detect total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in MPN enrichments: multiplex PCR and LAMP assay. The multiplex PCR was optimized to detect the total (toxR+), tdh+ and trh+ V. parahaemolyticus. On the other hand, the LAMP assay was employed to target the pathogenic strains only, the tdh+ and trh+, respectively. Out of 232 samples examined, 229 (98.7%) were positive for V. parahaemolyticus with counts ranging from 30 to >110, 000 MPN/g. Positive samples for tdh+ V. parahaemolyticus were obtained in 77 out of 232 (33.1%) samples ranging from 30 to >110, 000 MPN/g. Meanwhile, positive samples for trh+ were identified in 16 out of 232 (6.9%) samples examined ranging from 30 to 9600 MPN/g. Detection of samples with presence of tdh+ genes did not vary between methods, but a significant difference was observed when the LAMP assay was compared to PCR to detect trh+ V. parahaemolyticus. Therefore, on occasions where the density of the targeted genes is low, the LAMP assay serves as a better alternative. Nonetheless, this study constitutes an assessment of presence of total and potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in shellfishes for domestic consumption revealing the potential risk of contracting vibriosis if precautions and safety measures are not properly managed. 47 664-671 Alam, M. J., Tomochika, K., Miyoshi, S., & Shinoda, S. (2001). Analysis of seawaters for the recovery of culturable Vibrio parahaemolyticus and some other Vibrio. Microbiology and Immunology, 45, 393-397. Bej, A. K., Patterson, D. P., Brasher, C. W., Vickery, M. C. L., Jones, D. D., & Kaysner, C. A. (1999). Detection of total and hemolysin-producing Vibrio para- haemolyticus in shellfish using multiplex PCR amplification of tl, tdh and trh. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 36, 215-225. Bilung, L. M., Radu, S., Bahaman, A. R., Rahim, R. A., Napis, S., Wong, C. V. L. M., et al. (2005). Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in clam (Anadara granosa) by PCR. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 252, 85-88. Burnham, V. E., Janes, M. E., Jakus, L. A., Supan, J., DePaola, A., & Bell, J. (2009). Growth and survival differences of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains during cold storage. Journal of Food Science, 74, 314-318. Chen, S., & Ge, B. (2010). Development of a toxR-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detecting Vibrio parahaemolyticus. BMC Microbiology, 10(41), 1-9. Copin, S., Robert-Pillot, A., Malle, P., Quilici, M. L., & Gay, M. (2012). Evaluation of most-probable-number-PCR method with internal amplification control for the counting of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Frozen shrimps. Journal of Food Protection, 75(1), 150-153. Daniels, N. A., & Shafaie, A. (2000). A review of pathogenic Vibrio infection for clinicans. Infections in Medicine, 17(10), 665-685. DePaola, A., Nordstrom, J. L., Bowers, J. C., Wells, J. G., & Cook, D. W. (2003). Seasonal abundance of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Alabama oysters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(3), 1521-1526. Fujino, T., Okuno, Y., Nakada, D., Aoyama, A., Fukai, K., Mukai, T., et al. (1953). On the bacteriological examination of shirasu-food poisoning. Medical Journal of Osaka University, 4, 299-304. García, K., Torres, R., Uribe, P., Hernandez, C., Rioseco, M. L., Romero, J., et al. (2009). Dynamics of clinical and environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains during seafood-related summer diarrhea outbreaks in southern Chile. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75(23), 7482-7487. Hara-Kudo, Y., Sugiyama, K., Nishibuchi, M., Chowdhury, A., Yatsuyanagi, J., Ohtomo, Y., et al. (2003). Prevalence of pandemic thermostable direct hemolysin-producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 in seafood and the coastal environment in Japan. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(7), 3883-3891. Henegariu, O., Heerema, N. A., Dlouhy, S. R., Vance, G. H., & Vogt, P. H. (1997). Multiplex PCR: critical parameters and Step-by-Step Protocol. Biotechniques, 23, 504-511. Kaysner, C. A., & DePaola, A. (2000). Outbreaks of Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis from raw oyster consumption: assessing the risk of consumption and genetic methods for detection of pathogenic strains. Journal of Shellfish Research, 19, 657. Kim, Y. B., Okuda, J., Matsumoto, C., Takahashi, N., Hashimoto, S., & Nishibuchi, M. (1999). Identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains at the species level by PCR targeted to the toxR gene. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37, 1173-1177. Lee, K. K., Liu, P. S., & Huang, C. Y. (2003). Vibrio parahaemolyticus infectious for both humans and edible mollusk abalone. Microbes and Infection, 5, 481-485. Martinez-Urtaza, J., Lozano-Leon, A., Varela-Pet, J., Trinanes, J., Pazos, Y., & Garcia- Martin, O. (2008). Environmental determinants of the occurrence and distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Rias of Galicia, Spain. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74, 265-274. Mohammad, A. R., Hashim, J. K., Gunasalam, J., & Radu, S. (2005). Microbiological risk assessment: Risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Black Tiger Prawn (Penaeus monodon). Technical report. Malaysia: Ministry of Health. Nakaguchi, Y. (2013). Contamination by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its virulent strains in seafood marketed in Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia and Indonesia. Tropical Medicine and Health, 41(3), 95-102. Nemoto, J., Ikedo, M., Kojima, T., Momoda, T., Konuma, H., & Hara-Kudo, Y. (2011). Development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Journal of Food Protection, 74, 1462-1467. Nishibuchi, M., & Kaper, J. B. (1995). Thermostable direct hemolysin gene of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a virulence gene acquired by a marine bacterium. Infection and Immunity, 63, 2093-2099. No, A. R., Okada, K., Kogure, K., & Park, K. S. (2011). Rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by PCR targeted to the histone-like nucleoid structure (H-NS) gene and its genetic characterization. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 53(2), 127e133. Noorlis, A., Ghazali, F. M., Cheah, Y. K., Tuan Zainazor, T. C., Ponniah, J., Tunung, R., et al. (2011). Prevalence and quantification of Vibrio species and Vibrio para- haemolyticus in freshwater fish at hypermarket level. International Food Research Journal, 18, 689-695. Nordstorm, J. L., Vickery, M. C. L., Blackstone, G. M., Murray, S. L., & DePaolo, A. (2007). Development of a multiplex real-time PCR assay with an internal amplification control for the detection of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria in oysters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73(18), 5840-5847. Notomi, T., Okayama, H., Masubuchi, H., Yonekawa, T., Watanabe, K., Amino, N., et al. (2000). Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Research, 28, E63. Panicker, G., Call, D. R., Krug, M. J., & Bej, A. K. (2004). Detection of pathogenic Vibrio spp. in shellfish by using multiplex PCR and DNA microarrays. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(12), 7436-7444. Parveen, S., Hettiarachchi, K. A., Bowers, J. C., Jones, J. L., Tamplin, M. L., McKay, R., et al. (2008). Seasonal distribution of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Chesapeake Bay oysters and waters. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 128(2), 354-361. Rodriguez-Castro, A., Ansede-Bermejo, J., Blanco-Abad, V., Varela-Pet, J., Garcia- Martin, O., & Martinez-Urtaza, J. (2009). Prevalence and genetic diversity of pathogenic populations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in coastal waters of Galicia, Spain. Environment Microbiology Reports, 2(1), 58-66. Rosec, J. P., Simon, M., Causse, V., & Boudjemaa, M. (2009). Detection of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish: comparison of PCR protocols using pR72H or toxR targets with a culture method. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 129, 136-145. Shimohata, T., & Takahashi, A. (2010). Diarrhea induced by infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The Journal of Medical Investigation, 57(3,4), 179-182. Shinoda, S. (2011). Sixty years from the discovery of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and some recollections. Biocontrol Science, 16(1), 129-137. Su, Y. C., & Liu, C. (2007). Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a concern of seafood safety. Food Microbiology, 24, 549-558. Sujeewa, A. K. W., Norrakiah, A. S., & Laina, M. (2009). Prevalence of toxic genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shrimps (Penaeus monodon) and culture environ- ment. International Food Research Journal, 16, 89-95. Tada, J., Ohashi, T., Nishimura, N., Shirasaki, Y., Ozaki, H., Fukushima, S., et al. (1992). Detection of thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh) and thermostable direct- related hemolysin gene (trh) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by polymerase chain reaction. Molecular and Cellular Probes, 64, 477-487. Tanaka, N., Iwade, Y., Yamazaki, W., Gondaira, F., Vuddhakul, V., Nakaguchi, Y., & Nishibuchi, M. (2014). Most-probable-number loop-mediated isothermal amplification based procedure enhanced with K antigen-specific immuno- magnetic separation for quantification tdh(þ) Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Molluscan Shellfishes. Journal Food Protection, 7(7), 1078-1085. U.S Food and Drug Administration. (2011). Fish and fishery hazards and controls guidance (4th ed.). Yamamoto, A., Nishibuchi, M., Kasuga, F., Yamamoto, S., Toyofuku, H., Shigematsu, M., et al. (2008). Quantitative modeling for risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in bloody clams in southern Thailand. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 124(1), 70-78. Yamazaki, W., Ishibashi, M., Kawahara, R., & Inoue, K. (2008). Development of a loopmediated isothermal amplification assay for sensitive and rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. BMC Microbiology, 8, 163. Yamazaki, W., Kumeda, Y., Misawa, N., Nakaguchi, Y., & Nishibuchi, M. (2010). Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for sensitive and rapid detection of the tdh and trh genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and related Vibrio species. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 76(3), 820-828. Yeung, P. S., & Boor, K. J. (2004). Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of foodborne Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections. Foodborne Pathogens and Diseases, 1, 74-88. Zimmerman, A. M., DePaola, A., Bowers, J. C., Krantz, J. A., Nordstrom, J. L., Johnson, C. N., et al. (2007). Variability of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus densities in northern Gulf of Mexico water and oysters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73, 7589-7596. |
| spellingShingle | Detection and quantification of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish by using multiplex PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay |
| summary | Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic bacterium that commonly inhabits the marine and estuarine environments. This organism is also one of the leading causative pathogen of gastroenteritis often related to consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. In this study, molluscan shellfish (bloody clams and surf clams) and crustaceans (shrimps) were monitored in wet markets and hypermarkets. Two molecular methods were employed and compared to detect total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in MPN enrichments: multiplex PCR and LAMP assay. The multiplex PCR was optimized to detect the total (toxR+), tdh+ and trh+ V. parahaemolyticus. On the other hand, the LAMP assay was employed to target the pathogenic strains only, the tdh+ and trh+, respectively. Out of 232 samples examined, 229 (98.7%) were positive for V. parahaemolyticus with counts ranging from 30 to >110, 000 MPN/g. Positive samples for tdh+ V. parahaemolyticus were obtained in 77 out of 232 (33.1%) samples ranging from 30 to >110, 000 MPN/g. Meanwhile, positive samples for trh+ were identified in 16 out of 232 (6.9%) samples examined ranging from 30 to 9600 MPN/g. Detection of samples with presence of tdh+ genes did not vary between methods, but a significant difference was observed when the LAMP assay was compared to PCR to detect trh+ V. parahaemolyticus. Therefore, on occasions where the density of the targeted genes is low, the LAMP assay serves as a better alternative. Nonetheless, this study constitutes an assessment of presence of total and potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in shellfishes for domestic consumption revealing the potential risk of contracting vibriosis if precautions and safety measures are not properly managed. |
| title | Detection and quantification of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish by using multiplex PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay |
| title_full | Detection and quantification of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish by using multiplex PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay |
| title_fullStr | Detection and quantification of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish by using multiplex PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection and quantification of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish by using multiplex PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay |
| title_short | Detection and quantification of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish by using multiplex PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay |
| title_sort | detection and quantification of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish by using multiplex pcr and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay |