Secondary metabolite screening and relative reactive oxygen species scavenging with reducing potency of fruit extract of Malaysian Mengkudu using various solvent extracts
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| internalnotes | Aggarwal, A. (2001). Standardization of herbal drugs. Express Pharma, 7(46) Retrieved from www.scopus.com Akhtar, M. S., & Munir, M. (1989). Evaluation op the gastric antiulcerogenic effects of solanum nigrum, brassica oleracea and ocimum basilicum in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27(1-2), 163-176. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(89)90088-3 Aron, P. M., & Kennedy, J. A. (2008). Flavan-3-ols: Nature, occurrence and biological activity. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 52(1), 79-104. doi:10.1002/mnfr.200700137 Awad, A. B., Downie, A., Fink, C. S., & Kim, U. (2000). Dietary phytosterol inhibits the growth and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells grown in SCID mice. Anticancer Research, 20(2 A), 821-824. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Awad, A. B., Fink, C. S., Williams, H., & Kim, U. (2001). In vitro and in vivo (SCID mice) effects of phytosterols on the growth and dissemination of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 10(6), 507-513. doi:10.1097/00008469-200112000-00005 Carr, F. H., & Price, E. A. (1926). Colour reactions attributed to vitamin A. Biochem J, 20, 497-501. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Cowan, M. M. (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12(4), 564-582. doi:10.1128/cmr.12.4.564 Dasuki, M. S., Khaizil Emylia, Z., Noor Izani, N. J., & Mohsin, S. S. J. (2012). Evaluation of antioxidant and antiproliferative activities on methanolic extract of smilax myosotiflora tuber. International Medical Journal, 19(3), 188-192. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Gülçin, I., Büyükokuroǧlu, M. E., Oktay, M., & Küfrevioǧlu, O. I. (2003). Antioxidant and analgesic activities of turpentine of pinus nigra arn. subsp. pallsiana (lamb.) holmboe. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 86(1), 51-58. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00036-9 Gülçin, I., Oktay, M., Küfrevioǧlu, Ö. I., & Aslan, A. (2002). Determination of antioxidant activity of lichen cetraria islandica (L) ach. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 79(3), 325-329. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00396-8 Halliwell, B., & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1989). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Halliwell, B., & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1985). Hydroxyl radicals assayed by aromatic hydroxylation and deoxyribose degradation. Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, , 177-180. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Halliwell, B., & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1984). Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease. Biochemical Journal, 219(1), 1-14. doi:10.1042/bj2190001 Hertog, M. G. L., Feskens, E. J. M., Kromhout, D., Hertog, M. G. L., Hollman, P. C. H., Hertog, M. G. L., & Katan, M. B. (1993). Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: The zutphen elderly study. The Lancet, 342(8878), 1007-1011. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)92876-U Jarry, H., Spengler, B., Porzel, A., Schmidt, J., Wuttke, W., & Christoffel, V. (2003). Evidence for estrogen receptor β-selective activity of vitex agnus-castus and isolated flavones. Planta Medica, 69(10), 945-947. doi:10.1055/s-2003-45105 Ju, Y. H., Clausen, L. M., Allred, K. F., Almada, A. L., & Helferich, W. G. (2004). β-Sitosterol, β-sitosterol glucoside, and a mixture of β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol glucoside modulate the growth of estrogen-responsive breast cancer cells in vitro and in ovariectomized athymic mice. Journal of Nutrition, 134(5), 1145-1151. doi:10.1093/jn/134.5.1145 Kahiolo, G. W. (1978). He Moolelo no Kamapuaa: The Story of Kamapuaa, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Kapoor, L. D., Singh, A., Kapoor, S. L., & Srivastava, S. N. (1969). Survey of indian plants for saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids. I. Lloydia, 32(3), 297-304. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Khanam, S., Shivprasad, H. N., & Kshama, D. (2004). In vitro antioxidant screening models: A review. Indian J Pharm Educ, 38(4), 180-183. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Kobayashi, J., Tsuda, M., Nemoto, A., Tanaka, Y., Yazawa, K., & Mikami, Y. (1997). Brasilidine A, a new cytotoxic isonitrile-containing indole alkaloid from the actinomycete nocardia brasiliensis. Journal of Natural Products, 60(7), 719-720. doi:10.1021/np970132e Kuo, P. -., Lin, T. -., Yang, C. -., Lin, C. -., Chen, G. -., & Huang, J. -. (2010). Bioactive saponin from tea seed pomace with inhibitory effects against rhizoctonia solani. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(15), 8618-8622. doi:10.1021/jf1017115 Lampe, J. B., Gossrau, G., Herting, B., Kempe, A., Sommer, U., Füssel, M., . . . Reichmann, H. (2003). HLA typing and parkinson's disease. European Neurology, 50(2), 64-68. doi:10.1159/000072500 Lu, X., Nan, M., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Yuan, H., & Yang, J. (2007). Investigation of the antioxidant property of ascorbic acid. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 111(41), 14998-15002. doi:10.1021/jp072551i Lucas, L. (1982). Plants of Old Hawaii, Retrieved from www.scopus.com MacDonald, R. S., & Wagner, K. (2012). Influence of dietary phytochemicals and microbiota on colon cancer risk. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(27), 6728-6735. doi:10.1021/jf204230r Mau, J. -., Lin, H. -., & Chen, C. -. (2002). Antioxidant properties of several medicinal mushrooms. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(21), 6072-6077. doi:10.1021/jf0201273 McClatchey, W. (2003). From polynesian healers to health food stores: Changing perspectives of morinda citrifolia (rubiaceae). Integrative Cancer Therapies, 1(2), 110-120. doi:10.1177/1534735402001002002 Moon, J. -., & Shibamoto, T. (2009). Antioxidant assays for plant and food components. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(5), 1655-1666. doi:10.1021/jf803537k Morelli, R., Russo-Volpe, S., Bruno, N., & Lo Scalzo, R. (2003). Fenton-dependent damage to carbohydrates: Free radical scavenging activity of some simple sugars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(25), 7418-7425. doi:10.1021/jf030172q Morton, J. F. (1992). The ocean-going noni, or indian mulberry (morinda citrifolia, rubiaceae) and some of its "colorful" relatives. Economic Botany, 46(3), 241-256. doi:10.1007/BF02866623 Nelson, S. C. (2001). Noni cultivation in hawaii. Fruit and Nuts, 4, 1-4. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Newman, D. J., Cragg, G. M., & Snader, K. M. (2000). The influence of natural products upon drug discovery. Natural Product Reports, 17(3), 215-234. doi:10.1039/a902202c Niki, I., Yokokura, H., Sudo, T., Kato, M., & Hidaka, H. (1996). Ca2+ signaling and intracellular Ca2+ binding proteins. Journal of Biochemistry, 120(4), 685-698. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021466 Omaye, S. T., Turnbull, J. D., & Sauberlich, H. E. (1971). Selected methods for the determination of ascorbic acid in animal cells, tissues and fluids. Methods Enzymol, 62, 1-11. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Oyaizu, M. (1986). Studies on products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Jpn.J.Nutr., 44, 307-315. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Peach, K., & Tracey, M. V. (1955). Triterpenes and sapopnins. Modern Methods of Plant Analysis, 3, 64-65. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Rastogi, & Mehrotra. (1991). Compendium of Medicinal Plants, , 134-135. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Rau De Almeida Callou, K., Sadigov, S., Lajolo, F. M., & Genovese, M. I. (2010). Isoflavones and antioxidant capacity of commercial soy-based beverages: Effect of storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(7), 4284-4291. doi:10.1021/jf904130z Rosenberg, H. R. (1992). Chemistry and physiology of the vitamins. Chemistry and Physiology of the Vitamins, , 452-453. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Roura, E., Andrés-Lacueva, C., Estruch, R., & Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (2006). Total polyphenol intake estimated by a modified folin-ciocalteu assay of urine. Clinical Chemistry, 52(4), 749-752. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2005.063628 Shahidi, F., Janitha, P. K., & Wanasundara, P. D. (1992). Phenolic antioxidants. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 32(1), 67-103. doi:10.1080/10408399209527581 Skibsted, L. H. (2012). Carotenoids in antioxidant networks. colorants or radical scavengers. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(10), 2409-2417. doi:10.1021/jf2051416 Smolenski, S. J., Silinis, H., & Farnsworth, N. R. (1974). Alkaloid screening. V. Lloydia, 37(3), 506-536. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Song, W., Derito, C. M., Liu, M. K., He, X., Dong, M., & Liu, R. H. (2010). Cellular antioxidant activity of common vegetables. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(11), 6621-6629. doi:10.1021/jf9035832 Sonni, F., Clark, A. C., Prenzler, P. D., Riponi, C., & Scollary, G. R. (2011). Antioxidant action of glutathione and the ascorbic acid/glutathione pair in a model white wine. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(8), 3940-3949. doi:10.1021/jf104575w Stampfer, M. J., Hennekens, C. H., Manson, J. E., Colditz, G. A., Rosner, B., & Willett, W. C. (1993). Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary disease in women. New England Journal of Medicine, 328(20), 1444-1449. doi:10.1056/NEJM199305203282003 Stephen, A. M. (1998). Regulatory aspects of functional products. Functional Foods: Biochemical and Processing Aspects, , 403-437. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Stobiecka, M., Prance, A., Coopersmith, K., & Hepel, M. (2011). Antioxidant effectiveness in preventing paraquat-mediated oxidative DNA damage in the presence of H2O2 doi:10.1021/bk-2011-1083.ch007 Retrieved from www.scopus.com Swift, M. L. (1984). Analysis of molluscan sterols: Colorimetric methods. Lipids, 19(8), 625-630. doi:10.1007/BF02534722 Tabrah, F. L., & Eveleth, B. M. (1966). Evaluation of the effectiveness of ancient hawaiian medicine. Hawaii Medical Journal, 25(3), 223-230. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Tsai, P. -., & She, C. -. (2006). Significance of phenol-protein interactions in modifying the antioxidant capacity of peas. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(22), 8491-8494. doi:10.1021/jf061475y Valeri, V. (1985). Kingship and Sacrifice: Ritual and Society in Ancient Hawaii, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Verpoorte, R. (1998). Antimicrobially active alkaloids. Alkaloids: Biochemistry, Ecology and Medicinal Applications, , 397-433. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Wang, H. C., & Brumaghim, J. L. (2011). Polyphenol compounds as antioxidants for disease prevention: Reactive oxygen species scavenging, enzyme regulation, and metal chelation mechanisms in E. coli and human cells doi:10.1021/bk-2011-1083.ch005 Retrieved from www.scopus.com Zheng, W., Sellers, T. A., Doyle, T. J., Kushi, L. H., Potter, J. D., & Folsom, A. R. (1995). Retinol, antioxidant vitamins, and cancers of the upper digestive tract in a prospective cohort study of postmenopausal women. American Journal of Epidemiology, 142(9), 955-960. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117743 |
| originalfilename | 5501-01-FH02-FPSK-14-01328.jpg |
| person | UniSZA Unisza unisza |
| recordtype | oai_dc |
| resourceurl | https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=11287 |
| spelling | 11287 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=11287 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection407072 Restricted Document Article Journal UniSZA Unisza unisza image/jpeg inches 96 96 1420 10 10 801 2014-09-02 08:17:47 1420x801 5501-01-FH02-FPSK-14-01328.jpg UniSZA Private Access Secondary metabolite screening and relative reactive oxygen species scavenging with reducing potency of fruit extract of Malaysian Mengkudu using various solvent extracts International Medical Journal Aim: An endeavor has been organized to screen the secondary metabolite, comparative superoxide radical scavenging and reducing potency of Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) using aqueous and organic solvent extracts. Methods: The herbal powder obtained from plant part-dry fruit were extracted with aqueous and organic solvents. The extracts were analysed for secondary metabolite and antioxidants. Free radical scavenging capacity was analysed in terms of superoxide radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay. Result: Phytochemical characterization of the different solvent extracts exposed the existence of the secondary metabolites, viz. alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, sterol, saponin glycosides, reducing sugars, proteins, cardia active agiycones and cardinolides. Excellent superoxide radical scavenging propensity established in almost all solvent extracts of Mengkudu. Discussion: In the contemporary study, the superoxide radical reduces nitro blue tétrazolium (NBT) to a blue coloured formazan that is measured at 560 nm. Antioxidant activity has been recounted to be concomitant with improvement of reducing power. This confirms that extracts might contain reductones like ascorbic acid, reducing sugar, thiol group containing protein which could react with free radicals to stabilize and terminate radical chain reaction. Conclusion: These outcomes advocate that the guaranteeing phytonutrients of the fruit could be intimidated against oxidative stress, cancer, ageing, ischemic heart disease in dissolving thrombus, microbial infections and hormone replacement therapy extenuating their consumption in conventional medicine as nutraceuticals. 21 3 Japan International Cultural Exchange Foundation Japan International Cultural Exchange Foundation 348-352 Aggarwal, A. (2001). Standardization of herbal drugs. Express Pharma, 7(46) Retrieved from www.scopus.com Akhtar, M. S., & Munir, M. (1989). Evaluation op the gastric antiulcerogenic effects of solanum nigrum, brassica oleracea and ocimum basilicum in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27(1-2), 163-176. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(89)90088-3 Aron, P. M., & Kennedy, J. A. (2008). Flavan-3-ols: Nature, occurrence and biological activity. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 52(1), 79-104. doi:10.1002/mnfr.200700137 Awad, A. B., Downie, A., Fink, C. S., & Kim, U. (2000). Dietary phytosterol inhibits the growth and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells grown in SCID mice. Anticancer Research, 20(2 A), 821-824. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Awad, A. B., Fink, C. S., Williams, H., & Kim, U. (2001). In vitro and in vivo (SCID mice) effects of phytosterols on the growth and dissemination of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 10(6), 507-513. doi:10.1097/00008469-200112000-00005 Carr, F. H., & Price, E. A. (1926). Colour reactions attributed to vitamin A. Biochem J, 20, 497-501. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Cowan, M. M. (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12(4), 564-582. doi:10.1128/cmr.12.4.564 Dasuki, M. S., Khaizil Emylia, Z., Noor Izani, N. J., & Mohsin, S. S. J. (2012). Evaluation of antioxidant and antiproliferative activities on methanolic extract of smilax myosotiflora tuber. International Medical Journal, 19(3), 188-192. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Gülçin, I., Büyükokuroǧlu, M. E., Oktay, M., & Küfrevioǧlu, O. I. (2003). Antioxidant and analgesic activities of turpentine of pinus nigra arn. subsp. pallsiana (lamb.) holmboe. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 86(1), 51-58. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00036-9 Gülçin, I., Oktay, M., Küfrevioǧlu, Ö. I., & Aslan, A. (2002). Determination of antioxidant activity of lichen cetraria islandica (L) ach. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 79(3), 325-329. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00396-8 Halliwell, B., & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1989). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Halliwell, B., & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1985). Hydroxyl radicals assayed by aromatic hydroxylation and deoxyribose degradation. Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, , 177-180. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Halliwell, B., & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1984). Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease. Biochemical Journal, 219(1), 1-14. doi:10.1042/bj2190001 Hertog, M. G. L., Feskens, E. J. M., Kromhout, D., Hertog, M. G. L., Hollman, P. C. H., Hertog, M. G. L., & Katan, M. B. (1993). Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: The zutphen elderly study. The Lancet, 342(8878), 1007-1011. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)92876-U Jarry, H., Spengler, B., Porzel, A., Schmidt, J., Wuttke, W., & Christoffel, V. (2003). Evidence for estrogen receptor β-selective activity of vitex agnus-castus and isolated flavones. Planta Medica, 69(10), 945-947. doi:10.1055/s-2003-45105 Ju, Y. H., Clausen, L. M., Allred, K. F., Almada, A. L., & Helferich, W. G. (2004). β-Sitosterol, β-sitosterol glucoside, and a mixture of β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol glucoside modulate the growth of estrogen-responsive breast cancer cells in vitro and in ovariectomized athymic mice. Journal of Nutrition, 134(5), 1145-1151. doi:10.1093/jn/134.5.1145 Kahiolo, G. W. (1978). He Moolelo no Kamapuaa: The Story of Kamapuaa, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Kapoor, L. D., Singh, A., Kapoor, S. L., & Srivastava, S. N. (1969). Survey of indian plants for saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids. I. Lloydia, 32(3), 297-304. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Khanam, S., Shivprasad, H. N., & Kshama, D. (2004). In vitro antioxidant screening models: A review. Indian J Pharm Educ, 38(4), 180-183. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Kobayashi, J., Tsuda, M., Nemoto, A., Tanaka, Y., Yazawa, K., & Mikami, Y. (1997). Brasilidine A, a new cytotoxic isonitrile-containing indole alkaloid from the actinomycete nocardia brasiliensis. Journal of Natural Products, 60(7), 719-720. doi:10.1021/np970132e Kuo, P. -., Lin, T. -., Yang, C. -., Lin, C. -., Chen, G. -., & Huang, J. -. (2010). Bioactive saponin from tea seed pomace with inhibitory effects against rhizoctonia solani. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(15), 8618-8622. doi:10.1021/jf1017115 Lampe, J. B., Gossrau, G., Herting, B., Kempe, A., Sommer, U., Füssel, M., . . . Reichmann, H. (2003). HLA typing and parkinson's disease. European Neurology, 50(2), 64-68. doi:10.1159/000072500 Lu, X., Nan, M., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Yuan, H., & Yang, J. (2007). Investigation of the antioxidant property of ascorbic acid. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 111(41), 14998-15002. doi:10.1021/jp072551i Lucas, L. (1982). Plants of Old Hawaii, Retrieved from www.scopus.com MacDonald, R. S., & Wagner, K. (2012). Influence of dietary phytochemicals and microbiota on colon cancer risk. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(27), 6728-6735. doi:10.1021/jf204230r Mau, J. -., Lin, H. -., & Chen, C. -. (2002). Antioxidant properties of several medicinal mushrooms. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(21), 6072-6077. doi:10.1021/jf0201273 McClatchey, W. (2003). From polynesian healers to health food stores: Changing perspectives of morinda citrifolia (rubiaceae). Integrative Cancer Therapies, 1(2), 110-120. doi:10.1177/1534735402001002002 Moon, J. -., & Shibamoto, T. (2009). Antioxidant assays for plant and food components. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(5), 1655-1666. doi:10.1021/jf803537k Morelli, R., Russo-Volpe, S., Bruno, N., & Lo Scalzo, R. (2003). Fenton-dependent damage to carbohydrates: Free radical scavenging activity of some simple sugars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(25), 7418-7425. doi:10.1021/jf030172q Morton, J. F. (1992). The ocean-going noni, or indian mulberry (morinda citrifolia, rubiaceae) and some of its "colorful" relatives. Economic Botany, 46(3), 241-256. doi:10.1007/BF02866623 Nelson, S. C. (2001). Noni cultivation in hawaii. Fruit and Nuts, 4, 1-4. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Newman, D. J., Cragg, G. M., & Snader, K. M. (2000). The influence of natural products upon drug discovery. Natural Product Reports, 17(3), 215-234. doi:10.1039/a902202c Niki, I., Yokokura, H., Sudo, T., Kato, M., & Hidaka, H. (1996). Ca2+ signaling and intracellular Ca2+ binding proteins. Journal of Biochemistry, 120(4), 685-698. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021466 Omaye, S. T., Turnbull, J. D., & Sauberlich, H. E. (1971). Selected methods for the determination of ascorbic acid in animal cells, tissues and fluids. Methods Enzymol, 62, 1-11. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Oyaizu, M. (1986). Studies on products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Jpn.J.Nutr., 44, 307-315. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Peach, K., & Tracey, M. V. (1955). Triterpenes and sapopnins. Modern Methods of Plant Analysis, 3, 64-65. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Rastogi, & Mehrotra. (1991). Compendium of Medicinal Plants, , 134-135. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Rau De Almeida Callou, K., Sadigov, S., Lajolo, F. M., & Genovese, M. I. (2010). Isoflavones and antioxidant capacity of commercial soy-based beverages: Effect of storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(7), 4284-4291. doi:10.1021/jf904130z Rosenberg, H. R. (1992). Chemistry and physiology of the vitamins. Chemistry and Physiology of the Vitamins, , 452-453. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Roura, E., Andrés-Lacueva, C., Estruch, R., & Lamuela-Raventós, R. M. (2006). Total polyphenol intake estimated by a modified folin-ciocalteu assay of urine. Clinical Chemistry, 52(4), 749-752. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2005.063628 Shahidi, F., Janitha, P. K., & Wanasundara, P. D. (1992). Phenolic antioxidants. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 32(1), 67-103. doi:10.1080/10408399209527581 Skibsted, L. H. (2012). Carotenoids in antioxidant networks. colorants or radical scavengers. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(10), 2409-2417. doi:10.1021/jf2051416 Smolenski, S. J., Silinis, H., & Farnsworth, N. R. (1974). Alkaloid screening. V. Lloydia, 37(3), 506-536. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Song, W., Derito, C. M., Liu, M. K., He, X., Dong, M., & Liu, R. H. (2010). Cellular antioxidant activity of common vegetables. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(11), 6621-6629. doi:10.1021/jf9035832 Sonni, F., Clark, A. C., Prenzler, P. D., Riponi, C., & Scollary, G. R. (2011). Antioxidant action of glutathione and the ascorbic acid/glutathione pair in a model white wine. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(8), 3940-3949. doi:10.1021/jf104575w Stampfer, M. J., Hennekens, C. H., Manson, J. E., Colditz, G. A., Rosner, B., & Willett, W. C. (1993). Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary disease in women. New England Journal of Medicine, 328(20), 1444-1449. doi:10.1056/NEJM199305203282003 Stephen, A. M. (1998). Regulatory aspects of functional products. Functional Foods: Biochemical and Processing Aspects, , 403-437. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Stobiecka, M., Prance, A., Coopersmith, K., & Hepel, M. (2011). Antioxidant effectiveness in preventing paraquat-mediated oxidative DNA damage in the presence of H2O2 doi:10.1021/bk-2011-1083.ch007 Retrieved from www.scopus.com Swift, M. L. (1984). Analysis of molluscan sterols: Colorimetric methods. Lipids, 19(8), 625-630. doi:10.1007/BF02534722 Tabrah, F. L., & Eveleth, B. M. (1966). Evaluation of the effectiveness of ancient hawaiian medicine. Hawaii Medical Journal, 25(3), 223-230. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Tsai, P. -., & She, C. -. (2006). Significance of phenol-protein interactions in modifying the antioxidant capacity of peas. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(22), 8491-8494. doi:10.1021/jf061475y Valeri, V. (1985). Kingship and Sacrifice: Ritual and Society in Ancient Hawaii, Retrieved from www.scopus.com Verpoorte, R. (1998). Antimicrobially active alkaloids. Alkaloids: Biochemistry, Ecology and Medicinal Applications, , 397-433. Retrieved from www.scopus.com Wang, H. C., & Brumaghim, J. L. (2011). Polyphenol compounds as antioxidants for disease prevention: Reactive oxygen species scavenging, enzyme regulation, and metal chelation mechanisms in E. coli and human cells doi:10.1021/bk-2011-1083.ch005 Retrieved from www.scopus.com Zheng, W., Sellers, T. A., Doyle, T. J., Kushi, L. H., Potter, J. D., & Folsom, A. R. (1995). Retinol, antioxidant vitamins, and cancers of the upper digestive tract in a prospective cohort study of postmenopausal women. American Journal of Epidemiology, 142(9), 955-960. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117743 |
| spellingShingle | Secondary metabolite screening and relative reactive oxygen species scavenging with reducing potency of fruit extract of Malaysian Mengkudu using various solvent extracts |
| summary | Aim: An endeavor has been organized to screen the secondary metabolite, comparative superoxide radical scavenging and reducing potency of Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) using aqueous and organic solvent extracts. Methods: The herbal powder obtained from plant part-dry fruit were extracted with aqueous and organic solvents. The extracts were analysed for secondary metabolite and antioxidants. Free radical scavenging capacity was analysed in terms of superoxide radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay. Result: Phytochemical characterization of the different solvent extracts exposed the existence of the secondary metabolites, viz. alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, sterol, saponin glycosides, reducing sugars, proteins, cardia active agiycones and cardinolides. Excellent superoxide radical scavenging propensity established in almost all solvent extracts of Mengkudu. Discussion: In the contemporary study, the superoxide radical reduces nitro blue tétrazolium (NBT) to a blue coloured formazan that is measured at 560 nm. Antioxidant activity has been recounted to be concomitant with improvement of reducing power. This confirms that extracts might contain reductones like ascorbic acid, reducing sugar, thiol group containing protein which could react with free radicals to stabilize and terminate radical chain reaction. Conclusion: These outcomes advocate that the guaranteeing phytonutrients of the fruit could be intimidated against oxidative stress, cancer, ageing, ischemic heart disease in dissolving thrombus, microbial infections and hormone replacement therapy extenuating their consumption in conventional medicine as nutraceuticals. |
| title | Secondary metabolite screening and relative reactive oxygen species scavenging with reducing potency of fruit extract of Malaysian Mengkudu using various solvent extracts |
| title_full | Secondary metabolite screening and relative reactive oxygen species scavenging with reducing potency of fruit extract of Malaysian Mengkudu using various solvent extracts |
| title_fullStr | Secondary metabolite screening and relative reactive oxygen species scavenging with reducing potency of fruit extract of Malaysian Mengkudu using various solvent extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Secondary metabolite screening and relative reactive oxygen species scavenging with reducing potency of fruit extract of Malaysian Mengkudu using various solvent extracts |
| title_short | Secondary metabolite screening and relative reactive oxygen species scavenging with reducing potency of fruit extract of Malaysian Mengkudu using various solvent extracts |
| title_sort | secondary metabolite screening and relative reactive oxygen species scavenging with reducing potency of fruit extract of malaysian mengkudu using various solvent extracts |