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10676
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1. Murray, M.R., S.A. Zisman, P.A. Furley, D.M. Munro, J. Gibson and J. Ratter, 2003. The mangroves of Belize Part 1. Distribution, composition and classification. Forest Ecology and Management,174(1-3): 265-279. 2. Sheridan, P. and C. Hays, 2003. Are mangroves nursery habitat for transient fishes and decapods Wetlands, 23(2): 449-458. 3. Liu, K. Dan and X. Li, 2008. Monitoring mangrove forest changes using remote sensing and GIS data with decision-tree learning wetlands. The Society of Wetland Scientists, 28(2): 336-346. 4. Nagelkerken, I, S. J. M. Blaber, S. Bouillon, P. Green, M. Haywood and L.G. Kirton, 2008. The habitat function of mangroves for terrestrial and marine fauna: A review. Aquatic Botany, 89: 155-185. 5. Hogart, P.J., 1999. The Biology of Mangroves. Oxford University Press, New York, 6. Manson, F.J., N.R. Loneragan and S.R. Phinn, 2003.Spatial and temporal variation in distribution of mangroves in Moreton Bay, subtropical Australia: a comparison of pattern metrics and change detection analyses based on aerial photographs. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 57: 653-666. 7. Walters, B.B., P. Ronnback, J.M. Kovacs, B. Crona, S.A. Hussain, R. Badola, J.H. Primavera, E. Barbier and F. Dahdouh-Guebas, 2008. Ethnobiology, socio-economics and management of mangrove forests: A review. Aquat. Bot., 89: 220-236. 8. Howari, F.M., B.R. Jordan, N. Bouhounce and S. Wyllie-Echeverria, 2009. Field and remote-sensing assessment of mangrove forests and seagrass beds in the Northwestern Part of the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Coastal Research, 25(1): 48-56. 9. Spalding, M.D., 1998. Patterns of biodiversity in coral reefs and mangroves: global and local scales. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Cambridge, U.K 10. Alongi, D.M., 2002. Present state and future of the world’s mangrove forests. Environ. Conserv,29: 331-349. 11. Vega, M., R. Pardo. E. Barrato and L. Deban, 1998.Assessment of seasonal and polluting effects on the quality of river water by exploratory data analysis. Water Research, 32: 3581-3592. 12. Duke, N.C., J.O. Meynecke, S. Dittmann, A.M Ellison, K. Anger, U. Berger, S. Cannicci, K. Diele. K.C. Ewel, C.D. Field, N. Koedam, S.Y. Lee, C. Marchand, I. Nordhaus and F. Dahdouh-Guebas, 2007. A world without mangroves? Science, 317: 41-42. 13. Aksornkoae, S., 1993. Ecology and Management of Mangrove. IUCN, Bangkok, Thailand. 14. Noor, Y.S., I. Khazali and N.N. Suryadiputra, 2006.Panduan Pengenalan Mangrove di Indonesia. Ditjen PKA Departemen Kehutanan dan Wetlands International Indonesia Programme. Bogor. 15. Ball, M.C., M.J. Cochrane and H.M. Rawson, 1997.Growth and water use of the mangroves Rhizophora apiculata and R. stylosa in response to salinity and humadity under ambient and elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2. Plant, Cell and Environ., 20: 1158-1166. 16. Kathiresan, K., 2002. Why are mangroves degrading? 28. Sundaray, S.K., U.C. Panda, B.B. Nayak and Current Science, 83: 1246-1249. 17. Kovacs, J.M., J. Wang and M. Blanco-Correa, 2001.Mapping disturbances in a mangrove forest using multi-data landsat TM imagery. Environmental Management, 27: 763-776. 18. Jiang, D.X., Y. Li, J. Li and G.X. Wang, 2011.Prediction of the Aquatic Toxicity of Phenols to Tetrahymena Pyriformis from Molecular Descriptors. Int. J. Environ. Res., 5(4): 923-938. 19. Pei, H., Q. Liu. W. Hu and J. Xie, 2011. Phytoplankton Community and the Relationship with the Environment in Nansi Lake, China. Int. J. Environ. Res., 5(1): 167-176. 20. Jing, L. and R. Zhiyuan, 2011. Variations in Ecosystem Service Value in Response to Land use Changes in the Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi Province, China. Int. J. Environ. Res., 5(1): 109-118. 21. Hallare, A.V., K.J.A. Lasafin and J.R. Magallanes,2011. Shift in Phytoplankton Community Structure in a Tropical Marine Reserve Before and After a Major oil Spill Event. Int. J. Environ. Res., 5(3): 651-660. 22. Siddiqui, Z., 2011. Holistic Approach to Mitigate the Pollution Impacts in the Coastal Ecosystem of Thailand Using the Remote Sensing Techniques. Int. J. Environ. Res., 5(2): 297-306. 23. Feng, X.Y., G.P. Luo, C.F. Li, L. Dai and L. Lu, 2012.Dynamics of Ecosystem Service Value Caused by Land use Changes in Manas River of Xinjiang, China. Int. J. Environ. Res., 6(2): 499-508 24. Clemente, Z., V.L. Castro, C.M. Jonsson and L.F. Fraceto, 2012. Ecotoxicology of Nano TiO2 - An Evaluation of its Toxicity to Organisms of Aquatic Ecosystems. Int. J. Environ. Res., 6(1): 33-50. 25. Kiteresi, L.I., E.O. Okuku, S.N. Mwangi, B. Ohowa, V.O. Wanjeri, S. Okumu and M. Mkono, 2012. The Influence of Land Based Activities on the Phytoplankton Communities of Shimoni-Vanga system, Kenya. Int. J. Environ. Res., 6(1): 151-162. 26. Simeonov, V., J.A. Stratis, C. Samara, G. Zachariadis, D. Voutsa and A. Anthemidis, 2003. Assessment of the surface water quality in Northern Greece. Water Research, 37: 4119-4124. 27. Singh, K.P., A. Malik, D. Mohan and S. Sinha, 2004. Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Gomti River (India)-a case study. Water Research,38: 3980-3992. 28. Sundaray, S.K., U.C. Panda, B.B. Nayak and D. Bhatta, 2006. Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variation in water quality of Mahanadi River-estuarine system Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 28: 317-330. 29. Wang, Y.S., Z.P. Lou, C.C. Sun, M.L. Wu and S.H. Han, 2006. Multivariate statistical analysis of water quality and phytoplankton characteristics in Daya Bay, China, from 1999 to 2002. Oceanologia,48: 193-211. 30. Mahadev, J., S.P. Hosamani and S.A. Ahmed, 2010.Statistical Multivariate Analysis of Lakes Water Quality Parameters in Mysore, Karnataka, India. World Applied Sciences Journal, 8(11): 1370-1380, 2010 ISSN 1818-4952. 31. Satheeshkumar, P. and A.B. Khan, 2011. Identification of mangrove water quality by multivariate statistical analysis methods in Pondicherry coast, India. Environ Monit Assess. DOI 10.1007/s10661-011-2222-4. 32. Manju, M.N. P. Resmi, T.R. Gireesh Kumar, C.S. Ratheesh Kumar, R. Rahul, M.M. Joseph and N. Chandramohanakumar, 2012. Assessment of Water Quality Parameters in Mangrove Ecosystems Along Kerala Coast: A Statistical Approach. Int. J. Environ. Res., 6(4): 893-902. 33. Hansen, H.P. and F. Koroleff, 1999. Determination of nutrients, In: Methods of Seawater Analyses, Grasshoff, K. Ehrhardt, M. Kremling, K. (Eds.), Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp: 159-202. 34. Bierman, P., M. Lewis, B. Ostendrof and J. Tanner,2009. A review of methods for analysing spatial and temporal patterns in coastal water quality. Ecological Indicators. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.11.001. 35. Shrestha, S. and F. Kazama, 2007. Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: a case study of the Fuji river basin, Japan. Environmental Modeling and Software,22: 464-475. 36. Vega, M., R. Pardo, E. Barrato and L. Deban, 1998.Assessment of seasonal and polluting effects on the quality of river water by exploratory data analysis. Water Research, 32: 3581-3592. 37. Alberto, W.D., D.M. Del Pilar, A.M. Valeria, P.S. Fabiana. H.A. Cecilia and B.M. De Los Angeles,2001. Pattern recognition techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality. A case study: Suquia. 38. Karydis, M., 1992. Scaling methods in assessing 44. Ashok Prabu, V., M. Rajkumar, Dan P. Perumal, 2008.environmental quality: A methodological approach to eutrophication. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 22(2): 123-136. 39. Karydis, M., 1992. Scaling methods in assessing environmental quality: A methodological approach to eutrophication. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 22(2): 123-136. 40. Raut, T., Ganesh, N.V.S.S. Murty and A.V. Raman,2005. Macro benthos of Kakinada Bay in the Godavari delta, East coast of India: comparing decadal changes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,62: 609-620. 41. Saravanakumar, A., M. Rajkumar, J. Sesh Serebiah and G.A. Thivakaran, 2008. Seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of water, sediment and soil texture in arid zone mangroves of Kachchh-Gujarat. Journal of Environmental Biology, 29: 725-732 42. Kathiresan, K. and T.S. Thangam, 1990. A note on the effects of salinity and pH on growth of Rhizophora seedlings. The Indian Forester, 116(3): 243-244. 43. Kathiresan, K., P. Moorthy and S. Ravikumar, 1996b.A note on the influence of salinity and pH on rooting of Rhizophora mucronata Lamk. Seedlings. The Indian Forester, 122(8): 763-764. 44. Ashok Prabu, V., M. Rajkumar, Dan P. Perumal, 2008. Seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters in Uppanar estuary, Cuddalore Southeast coast of India. Journal of Marine Biological Association of India, 50: 161-165. 45. Kathiresan, K. and B.L. Bingham, 2001. Biology of mangrove and mangrove ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology, 40: 81-251. 46. Silalahi, J., 2009. Analisis Kualitas Air dan Hubungannya dengan Keanekaragaman Vegetasi Akuatik di Perairan Balige Danau Toba. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Tesis. 100 hal. 47. Lee, S.Y., 1990. Primary productivity and particulate organic matter flow in an estuarine mangrove-wet land in Hong Kong. Marine Biology, 106: 453-463. 48. Zainudin, Z.Z., M. Mohamed and M.R. Ramli, 2010. Effects of in induced salinity on BOD reaction kinetics of river water samples. The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 14(1): 24-31
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10676 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=10676 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection407072 Restricted Document Article Journal image/jpeg inches 96 96 norman 1421 717 47 47 2016-10-13 09:58:36 1421x717 4754-01-FH02-FBIM-16-06783.jpg UniSZA Private Access Assessment of mangrove water quality by multivariate statistical analysis in Suppa coast, South Sulawasi, Indonesia World Applied Sciences Journal Different statistical analysis such as, ANOVA, principal component analysis and multidimensional scale plot were employed to evaluate the trophic status of water quality for three monitoring stations. The present study was carried out to determine the physicochemical parameters of mangrove water of Suppa coast, Pinrang South Sulawesi, Indonesia during September 2011 - April 2012. Seasonal variations of different parameters investigated were as follows: salinity (26.78 - 31.11 ppt), water pH (8.10 - 8.15), substrate pH(5.81 - 6.041), water temperature (29.22 - 30.92), dissolved oxygen (3.37 - 3.89 mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand(2.65 - 4.46) and turbidity (5.44 - 10.67 NTU). Salinity, BOD and turbidity indicated a correlation at P<0.05. Based on the test ANOVA, salinity, water pH, water temperature, DO, BOD and turbidity displayed significant seasonal variation (P< 0.05), while substrate pH displayed significant seasonal variation (P> 0.05). PCA and MDS identified the spatial and temporal characteristics of trophic stations and showed that the salinity, BOD and turbidity may be major driving factors for deteriorating trophic status of water quality in the Suppa mangroves. 28 9 1301-1310 1. Murray, M.R., S.A. Zisman, P.A. Furley, D.M. Munro, J. Gibson and J. Ratter, 2003. The mangroves of Belize Part 1. Distribution, composition and classification. Forest Ecology and Management,174(1-3): 265-279. 2. Sheridan, P. and C. Hays, 2003. Are mangroves nursery habitat for transient fishes and decapods Wetlands, 23(2): 449-458. 3. Liu, K. Dan and X. Li, 2008. Monitoring mangrove forest changes using remote sensing and GIS data with decision-tree learning wetlands. The Society of Wetland Scientists, 28(2): 336-346. 4. Nagelkerken, I, S. J. M. Blaber, S. Bouillon, P. Green, M. Haywood and L.G. Kirton, 2008. The habitat function of mangroves for terrestrial and marine fauna: A review. Aquatic Botany, 89: 155-185. 5. Hogart, P.J., 1999. The Biology of Mangroves. Oxford University Press, New York, 6. Manson, F.J., N.R. Loneragan and S.R. Phinn, 2003.Spatial and temporal variation in distribution of mangroves in Moreton Bay, subtropical Australia: a comparison of pattern metrics and change detection analyses based on aerial photographs. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 57: 653-666. 7. Walters, B.B., P. Ronnback, J.M. Kovacs, B. Crona, S.A. Hussain, R. Badola, J.H. Primavera, E. Barbier and F. Dahdouh-Guebas, 2008. Ethnobiology, socio-economics and management of mangrove forests: A review. Aquat. Bot., 89: 220-236. 8. Howari, F.M., B.R. Jordan, N. Bouhounce and S. Wyllie-Echeverria, 2009. Field and remote-sensing assessment of mangrove forests and seagrass beds in the Northwestern Part of the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Coastal Research, 25(1): 48-56. 9. Spalding, M.D., 1998. Patterns of biodiversity in coral reefs and mangroves: global and local scales. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Cambridge, U.K 10. Alongi, D.M., 2002. Present state and future of the world’s mangrove forests. Environ. Conserv,29: 331-349. 11. Vega, M., R. Pardo. E. Barrato and L. Deban, 1998.Assessment of seasonal and polluting effects on the quality of river water by exploratory data analysis. Water Research, 32: 3581-3592. 12. Duke, N.C., J.O. Meynecke, S. Dittmann, A.M Ellison, K. Anger, U. Berger, S. Cannicci, K. Diele. K.C. Ewel, C.D. Field, N. Koedam, S.Y. Lee, C. Marchand, I. Nordhaus and F. Dahdouh-Guebas, 2007. A world without mangroves? Science, 317: 41-42. 13. Aksornkoae, S., 1993. Ecology and Management of Mangrove. IUCN, Bangkok, Thailand. 14. Noor, Y.S., I. Khazali and N.N. Suryadiputra, 2006.Panduan Pengenalan Mangrove di Indonesia. Ditjen PKA Departemen Kehutanan dan Wetlands International Indonesia Programme. Bogor. 15. Ball, M.C., M.J. Cochrane and H.M. Rawson, 1997.Growth and water use of the mangroves Rhizophora apiculata and R. stylosa in response to salinity and humadity under ambient and elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2. Plant, Cell and Environ., 20: 1158-1166. 16. Kathiresan, K., 2002. Why are mangroves degrading? 28. Sundaray, S.K., U.C. Panda, B.B. Nayak and Current Science, 83: 1246-1249. 17. Kovacs, J.M., J. Wang and M. Blanco-Correa, 2001.Mapping disturbances in a mangrove forest using multi-data landsat TM imagery. Environmental Management, 27: 763-776. 18. Jiang, D.X., Y. Li, J. Li and G.X. Wang, 2011.Prediction of the Aquatic Toxicity of Phenols to Tetrahymena Pyriformis from Molecular Descriptors. Int. J. Environ. Res., 5(4): 923-938. 19. Pei, H., Q. Liu. W. Hu and J. Xie, 2011. Phytoplankton Community and the Relationship with the Environment in Nansi Lake, China. Int. J. Environ. Res., 5(1): 167-176. 20. Jing, L. and R. Zhiyuan, 2011. Variations in Ecosystem Service Value in Response to Land use Changes in the Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi Province, China. Int. J. Environ. Res., 5(1): 109-118. 21. Hallare, A.V., K.J.A. Lasafin and J.R. Magallanes,2011. Shift in Phytoplankton Community Structure in a Tropical Marine Reserve Before and After a Major oil Spill Event. Int. J. Environ. Res., 5(3): 651-660. 22. Siddiqui, Z., 2011. Holistic Approach to Mitigate the Pollution Impacts in the Coastal Ecosystem of Thailand Using the Remote Sensing Techniques. Int. J. Environ. Res., 5(2): 297-306. 23. Feng, X.Y., G.P. Luo, C.F. Li, L. Dai and L. Lu, 2012.Dynamics of Ecosystem Service Value Caused by Land use Changes in Manas River of Xinjiang, China. Int. J. Environ. Res., 6(2): 499-508 24. Clemente, Z., V.L. Castro, C.M. Jonsson and L.F. Fraceto, 2012. Ecotoxicology of Nano TiO2 - An Evaluation of its Toxicity to Organisms of Aquatic Ecosystems. Int. J. Environ. Res., 6(1): 33-50. 25. Kiteresi, L.I., E.O. Okuku, S.N. Mwangi, B. Ohowa, V.O. Wanjeri, S. Okumu and M. Mkono, 2012. The Influence of Land Based Activities on the Phytoplankton Communities of Shimoni-Vanga system, Kenya. Int. J. Environ. Res., 6(1): 151-162. 26. Simeonov, V., J.A. Stratis, C. Samara, G. Zachariadis, D. Voutsa and A. Anthemidis, 2003. Assessment of the surface water quality in Northern Greece. Water Research, 37: 4119-4124. 27. Singh, K.P., A. Malik, D. Mohan and S. Sinha, 2004. Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Gomti River (India)-a case study. Water Research,38: 3980-3992. 28. Sundaray, S.K., U.C. Panda, B.B. Nayak and D. Bhatta, 2006. Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variation in water quality of Mahanadi River-estuarine system Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 28: 317-330. 29. Wang, Y.S., Z.P. Lou, C.C. Sun, M.L. Wu and S.H. Han, 2006. Multivariate statistical analysis of water quality and phytoplankton characteristics in Daya Bay, China, from 1999 to 2002. Oceanologia,48: 193-211. 30. Mahadev, J., S.P. Hosamani and S.A. Ahmed, 2010.Statistical Multivariate Analysis of Lakes Water Quality Parameters in Mysore, Karnataka, India. World Applied Sciences Journal, 8(11): 1370-1380, 2010 ISSN 1818-4952. 31. Satheeshkumar, P. and A.B. Khan, 2011. Identification of mangrove water quality by multivariate statistical analysis methods in Pondicherry coast, India. Environ Monit Assess. DOI 10.1007/s10661-011-2222-4. 32. Manju, M.N. P. Resmi, T.R. Gireesh Kumar, C.S. Ratheesh Kumar, R. Rahul, M.M. Joseph and N. Chandramohanakumar, 2012. Assessment of Water Quality Parameters in Mangrove Ecosystems Along Kerala Coast: A Statistical Approach. Int. J. Environ. Res., 6(4): 893-902. 33. Hansen, H.P. and F. Koroleff, 1999. Determination of nutrients, In: Methods of Seawater Analyses, Grasshoff, K. Ehrhardt, M. Kremling, K. (Eds.), Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp: 159-202. 34. Bierman, P., M. Lewis, B. Ostendrof and J. Tanner,2009. A review of methods for analysing spatial and temporal patterns in coastal water quality. Ecological Indicators. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.11.001. 35. Shrestha, S. and F. Kazama, 2007. Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: a case study of the Fuji river basin, Japan. Environmental Modeling and Software,22: 464-475. 36. Vega, M., R. Pardo, E. Barrato and L. Deban, 1998.Assessment of seasonal and polluting effects on the quality of river water by exploratory data analysis. Water Research, 32: 3581-3592. 37. Alberto, W.D., D.M. Del Pilar, A.M. Valeria, P.S. Fabiana. H.A. Cecilia and B.M. De Los Angeles,2001. Pattern recognition techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality. A case study: Suquia. 38. Karydis, M., 1992. Scaling methods in assessing 44. Ashok Prabu, V., M. Rajkumar, Dan P. Perumal, 2008.environmental quality: A methodological approach to eutrophication. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 22(2): 123-136. 39. Karydis, M., 1992. Scaling methods in assessing environmental quality: A methodological approach to eutrophication. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 22(2): 123-136. 40. Raut, T., Ganesh, N.V.S.S. Murty and A.V. Raman,2005. Macro benthos of Kakinada Bay in the Godavari delta, East coast of India: comparing decadal changes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,62: 609-620. 41. Saravanakumar, A., M. Rajkumar, J. Sesh Serebiah and G.A. Thivakaran, 2008. Seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of water, sediment and soil texture in arid zone mangroves of Kachchh-Gujarat. Journal of Environmental Biology, 29: 725-732 42. Kathiresan, K. and T.S. Thangam, 1990. A note on the effects of salinity and pH on growth of Rhizophora seedlings. The Indian Forester, 116(3): 243-244. 43. Kathiresan, K., P. Moorthy and S. Ravikumar, 1996b.A note on the influence of salinity and pH on rooting of Rhizophora mucronata Lamk. Seedlings. The Indian Forester, 122(8): 763-764. 44. Ashok Prabu, V., M. Rajkumar, Dan P. Perumal, 2008. Seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters in Uppanar estuary, Cuddalore Southeast coast of India. Journal of Marine Biological Association of India, 50: 161-165. 45. Kathiresan, K. and B.L. Bingham, 2001. Biology of mangrove and mangrove ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology, 40: 81-251. 46. Silalahi, J., 2009. Analisis Kualitas Air dan Hubungannya dengan Keanekaragaman Vegetasi Akuatik di Perairan Balige Danau Toba. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Tesis. 100 hal. 47. Lee, S.Y., 1990. Primary productivity and particulate organic matter flow in an estuarine mangrove-wet land in Hong Kong. Marine Biology, 106: 453-463. 48. Zainudin, Z.Z., M. Mohamed and M.R. Ramli, 2010. Effects of in induced salinity on BOD reaction kinetics of river water samples. The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 14(1): 24-31
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| spellingShingle |
Assessment of mangrove water quality by multivariate statistical analysis in Suppa coast, South Sulawasi, Indonesia
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| summary |
Different statistical analysis such as, ANOVA, principal component analysis and multidimensional scale plot were employed to evaluate the trophic status of water quality for three monitoring stations. The present study was carried out to determine the physicochemical parameters of mangrove water of Suppa coast, Pinrang South Sulawesi, Indonesia during September 2011 - April 2012. Seasonal variations of different parameters investigated were as follows: salinity (26.78 - 31.11 ppt), water pH (8.10 - 8.15), substrate pH(5.81 - 6.041), water temperature (29.22 - 30.92), dissolved oxygen (3.37 - 3.89 mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand(2.65 - 4.46) and turbidity (5.44 - 10.67 NTU). Salinity, BOD and turbidity indicated a correlation at P<0.05. Based on the test ANOVA, salinity, water pH, water temperature, DO, BOD and turbidity displayed significant seasonal variation (P< 0.05), while substrate pH displayed significant seasonal variation (P> 0.05). PCA and MDS identified the spatial and temporal characteristics of trophic stations and showed that the salinity, BOD and turbidity may be major driving factors for deteriorating trophic status of water quality in the Suppa mangroves.
|
| title |
Assessment of mangrove water quality by multivariate statistical analysis in Suppa coast, South Sulawasi, Indonesia
|
| title_full |
Assessment of mangrove water quality by multivariate statistical analysis in Suppa coast, South Sulawasi, Indonesia
|
| title_fullStr |
Assessment of mangrove water quality by multivariate statistical analysis in Suppa coast, South Sulawasi, Indonesia
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| title_full_unstemmed |
Assessment of mangrove water quality by multivariate statistical analysis in Suppa coast, South Sulawasi, Indonesia
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| title_short |
Assessment of mangrove water quality by multivariate statistical analysis in Suppa coast, South Sulawasi, Indonesia
|
| title_sort |
assessment of mangrove water quality by multivariate statistical analysis in suppa coast, south sulawasi, indonesia
|