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1. Meyer SA, Kulkarni AP. Hepatotoxicity. In: Introduction to biochemical toxicology. 3rded. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 2001. p. 487-90. PMid:11712971 PMCid:PMC2705401 2. Satyanarayana U, Chakrapani U. Vitamin C. In: Biochemistry. 3rded. Calcutta: Books and Allied (P) Ltd.; 2008. p. 132-4. 3. Wolf PL. Biochemical diagnosis of liver disease. Indian J Clin Biochem 1999; 14(1): 59-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02869152 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 4. Cullen JM. Mechanistic classification of liver injury. Toxicol Pathol 2005; 33(1): 6-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926230590522428 Available from http://tpx.sagepub.com/content/33/1/6.full.pdf+html [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 5. Lai WK, Murphy N. Management of acute liver failure. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain 2004; 4(2): 40-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093 /bjaceaccp/mkh013 Available from http://ceaccp.oxfordjournals.org/ content/4/2/40.full.pdf+html [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 6. Di Luzio NR. A mechanism of the acute ethanol-induced fatty liver and the modification of liver injury by antioxidants. Am J Pharm Sci Support Public Health 1966; 15(1 Pt 1): 50-63. PMid:5931987 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 7. Fernandez Checa JC, Kaplowitz N. Hepatic mitochondrial glutathione: transport and role in disease and toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 204(3): 263-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2004.10.001 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 8. Al Turki DA, Abou Zeid LA, Shehata IA, Al Omar MA. Therapeutic and toxic effects of new NSAIDs and related compounds. A review and prospective study. Int J Pharmacol 2010; 6(6): 813-25. http://dx. doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2010.813.825 [Accessed date on 2013 March 10] Available from http://scialert.net/asci/author.php?author=M.A. andlast=Al-Omar 9. Najafzadeh H, Rezaie A, Masoodi AM, Mehrzadi S. Comparison of the effect of vanadium and deferoxamine on acetaminophen toxicity in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 43(4): 429-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103 /0253-7613.83115 Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC3153707 [Accessed date on 2013 March 10 10. Pyleris E, Giannikopoulos G, Dabos K. Pathophysiology and management of acute liver failure. Annals of Gastroenterology 2010; 23(4):257-65. Available from www.annalsgastro.gr/index.php /annalsgastro/article/view/856/622 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 11. Lubel JS, Angus PW, Gow PJ. Accidental paracetamol poisoning. Med JAust 2007; 186(7): 371-2. PMid:17407437 Available from https://www.mja.com.au/system/files/issues/186_07_020407/lub11145_fm.pdf [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 12. Jollow DJ, Mitchell JR, Potter WZ, Davis DC, Gillette JR, Brodie BB. Acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis.II. Role of covalent binding in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1973; 187(1): 195-202. PMid:4746327 Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4746327 [Accessed date on 2013 March 10] 13. Mitchell JR, Jollow DJ, Potter WZ, Davis DC, Gillette JR, Brodie BB. Acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis. I. Role of drug metabolism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1973; 187(1): 185-94. PMid:4746326 Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4746326 [Accessed date on 2013 March 10] 14. James LP, Mayeux PR, Hinson JA. Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2003; 31(12): 1499-506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.31.12.1499 Available from http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/31/12/1499.full.pdf+html [Accessed date on 2013 March 10] 15. Smilkstein MJ, Knapp GL, Kulig KW, Rumack BH. Efficacy of oral N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Analysis of the national multicenter study (1976 to 1985). N Engl J Med 1988; 319(24): 1557-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198812153192401 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 16. Litovitz TL, Klein Schwartz W, Rodgers GC, Cobaugh DJ, Youniss J, Omslaer JC et al. Annual report of the American association of poison control centres toxic exposure surveillance system. Am J Emerg Med 2002; 20(5): 391-452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2002.34955 Available from http://www.ajemjournal.com/article/PIIS0735675705001841/fulltext [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 17. Lawson JA, Fisher MA, Simmons CA, Farhood A, Jaeschke H. Inhibition of Fas receptor (CD95)-induced hepatic caspase activation and apoptosis by acetaminophen in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1999; 156(3): 179-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1999.8635 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 18. Gujral JS, Knight TR, Farhood A, Bajt ML, Jaeschke H. Mode of cell death after acetaminophen overdose in mice: apoptosis or oncotic necrosis? Toxicol Sci 2002; 67(2): 322-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093 /toxsci/67.2.322 Available from http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/ content/67/2/322.full.pdf+html [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 19. Wallace CI, Dargan PI, Jones AL. Paracetamol overdose: an evidence based flowchart to guide management.Emerg Med J 2002; 19(3): 202-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.19.3.202 Available from http://emj.bmj.com/content/19/3/202.full.pdf+html [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 20. Ferner RE, Dear JW, Bateman DN. Management of paracetamol poisoning. BMJ 2011; 342: d2218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136 /bmj.d2218 Available from http://www.bmj.com/highwire/filestream /359883/field_highwire_article_pdf/0/bmj.d2218.full.pdf [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 21. Fontana RJ. Acute Liver Failure including Acetaminophen Overdose. Med Clin North Am 2008; 92(4): 761–94. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.mcna.2008.03.005 Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2504411/pdf/nihms59264.pdfu [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 22. Brahams D. Paracetamol over dose: timing the antidote.Lancet 1989; 1(8637): 567-8. PMid:2564108 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(89)90118-9 23. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Kumar TS, Gomathi P, Kumar RS. Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Bauhinia racemosa against Paracetamol and Carbon Tetra-chloride Induced Liver Damage in Rats. Iranian Journalof Pharmacologyand Therapeutics 2004; 3(1): 12-20. Available from http://www.ijpt.tums.ac.ir/index.php /ijpt/article/download/040301012/154.pdf [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 24. Kumar R, Kumar S, Patra A, Jayalakshmi S. Hepatoprotective activity of aerial parts Plumbago zeylanica Linn against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 1(1): 171-5. Available from http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol1Suppl1/268.pdf [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 25. Iweala EEJ, Obichi IC, Omotosho OE. Biochemical and Histological responses of hepatotoxic rats fed Musa paradisiacal L. supplemented diet. International Journal of Pharmacology 2011; 7(4): 471-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2011.471.477 Available from http://www. sciencealert.co.uk/qredirect.php?doi=ijp.2011.471.477andlinkid=pdf [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 26. Zamani Moghaddam E, Azami K, Minaei Zangi B,Mousavi SZ, Sabzevari O. Protective activity of FumariaVaillantii extract and monomethyl fumarate on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in mice. International Journal of Pharmacology 2012; 8(3): 177-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2012.177.184 Available from http://scialert.net/qredirect.php?doi=ijp.2012.177.184andlinkid=pdf [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 27. Qidwai W, Hamza HB, Qureshi R, GilaniA. Effectiveness, safety and tolerability of powdered Nigella sativa (kalonji) seed in capsules on serum lipid levels, blood sugar, blood pressure, and body weight in adults: results of a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med 2009; 15(6): 639-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ acm.2008.0367 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 28. Tahir L, Chand B, Rahman S. Antibacterial studies on Benincasa hispida and Nigella Sativa oil. Int Res J Pharm 2013; 4(4): 121-2. In Press 29. Saad SI. Classification of flowering plants. 2nded. Alexandria: The general Egyptian Book Co; 1975. p. 412–3. 30. Rajsekhar S, Kuldeep B. Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology of Nigella Sativa- A review. Int Res J Pharm 2011; 2(11): 36-9. Available from www.irjponline.com/admin/php/uploads/673_pdf.pdf [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 31. Mabrouk GM, Moselhy SS, Zohny SF, Ali EM, Helal TE, Amin AA et al. Inhibition of methylnitrosourea (MNU) induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis by orally administered bee honey and Nigella grains in Sprague Dawely rats. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2002; 21(3): 341-6. PMid:12385575 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 32. Türkdoğan MK, Ozbek H, Yener Z, Tuncer I, Uygan I, Ceylan E. The role of Urtica dioica and Nigella sativa in the prevention of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Phytother Res 2003; 17(8): 942-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1266 PMid:13680830 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 33. Mahmoud MR, El Abhar HS, Saleh S. The effect of Nigella sativa oil against the liver damage induced by schistosomamansoni infection in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 79(1): 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016 /S0378-8741(01)00310-5 Available from http://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S0378874101003105 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 34. Ramadan MF, Kroh LW, Morsel JT. Radical scavenging activity of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and niger (Guizotiaabyssinicacass.) crude seed oils and oil fractions. J Agric Food Chem 2003; 51(24): 6961-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021 /jf0346713 Available from http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021 /jf0346713 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 35. Al Ghamdi MS. Protective effect of Nigella sativa seeds against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage. Am J Chin Med 2003; 31(5): 721-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X03001399 Available from http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0192415X03001399 [Accessed on 2013 March 20] 36. Nagi MN, Alam K, Badary OA, Al Shabanah OA, Al Sawaf HA, Al Bekairi AM. Thymoquinone protects against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in mice via an antioxidant mechanism. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1999; 47(1): 153-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1521654 9900201153 Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/ 10.1080/15216549900201153/pdf [Accessed on 2013 March 20] 37. Türkdoğan MK, Ağaoğlu Z, Yener Z, Sekeroğlu R, Akkan HA, Avci ME. The role of antioxidant vitamins (C and E), selenium and Nigella sativa in the prevention of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in rabbits: new hopes. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2001; 108(2): 71-3. PMid:11367885 [Accessed on 2013 March 20] 38. Salam A, Yousuf R, Islam MZ, Yesmin F, Helali AM, Alattraqchi AG et al. Professionalism of future medical professionals in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia. Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2013; 8(2): 124-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v8i2.14158 Available from http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJP/article/view/14158/10108 [Accessed on 2013 April 1] 39. Salam A, Haque M, Islam MZ, Helali AM, Yousuf R, Yesmin F et al. Comparative study of professionalism of future medical professionals among three private medical colleges of Bangladesh. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2013; 6(3): 170-9. Available from: http://innovareacademics. in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/view/157/133 [Accessed on 2013 July 5]. 40. Salam A, Haque M, Helali AM, Rahman Z, Islam MZ, Nor Rahman NIA et al. Comparative Study on Professionalism of Forthcoming Medical Doctors between two Private Medical Colleges in Savar, Bangladesh. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013; 5 (suppl 3): In Press. 41. Begum NA, Dewan ZF, Nahar N, Mamun MR. Effect of n-Hexane extract of Nigella sativa on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Bangladesh J Pharmacol 2006; 1(1): 16-20. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3329/bjp.v1i1.482 [Accessed on 2013 April 1] 42. Kanter M, Coskun O, Budancamanak M. Hepatoprotective effects of Nigella sativa L and Urtica dioica L on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems and liver enzymes in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11(42): 6684-8. PMid:16425366 Available from http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/11/6684.asp [Accessed on 2013 March 20] 43. Elhabib EM, Homeida MMA, Adam SEI. Effect of combined paracetamol and Cuminum cyminum or Nigella sativa use in Wister rats. J Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 2(7): 653-9. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3923/jpt.2007.653.659 Available from http://docsdrive.com/pdfs /academicjournals/jpt/2007/653-659.pdf [Accessed on 2013 March 20] 44. Kushwah DS, Salman MT, Singh P, Verma VK, Ahmad A. Protective Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Nigella sativa Seed in Paracetamol Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity In vivo. Pak J Biol Sci 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2013 [Accessed on 2013 April 1] 45. Burits M, Bucar F. Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Phytother Res 2000; 14(5): 323-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200008)14:5<323::AID-PTR621>3.0.CO;2-Q Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/10991573(200008)14:5%3C323::AID-PTR621%3E3.0.CO;2-Q [Accessed on 2013 March 20] 46. Yesmin F, Rahman Z, Dewan FJ, Helali AM, Rahman NIA, Alattraqchi, AG et al. Hepato-protective role of the aqueous and n-hexane extracts of Nigella sativa Linn. in experimental liver damage in rats. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2013; 6(Suppl 3): In Press. 47. Al Kubaisy K, Al Noaemi M. Protective role of Nigella sativa oil against the harmful effect of CCl4 on the liver cells. The internet journal of nutrition and wellness 2007; 3(1): 1-12. http://dx.doi .org/10.5580/224d [Accessed on 2013 March 20] Cite this article as: Farida Yesmin, Zaida Rahman, Jesmin Fouzia Dewan, Asadul Mazid Helali, Md Zakirul Islam, Nor Iza A Rahman, Tengku Fatimah Murniwati Binti Tengku Muda, Mainul Haque. Hepatoprotective effect of aqueous and n-hexane extract of Nigella sativa in paracetamol (acetaminophen) induced liver diseases of rats: A histopathological evaluation. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2013; 4(7):90-94 http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.04720
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4373-01-FH02-FPSK-14-00538.pdf
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julie skelton
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oai_dc
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https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=10403
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10403 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/view.php?ref=10403 https://intelek.unisza.edu.my/intelek/pages/search.php?search=!collection407072 Restricted Document Article Journal application/pdf 1 1.6 Adobe Acrobat Pro DC 20 Paper Capture Plug-in julie skelton 2013-09-03 17:35:50 4373-01-FH02-FPSK-14-00538.pdf UniSZA Private Access Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous and N-Hexane Extract of Nigella Sativa in Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Induced Liver Diseases of Rats - A Histopathological Evaluation International Research Journal of Pharmacy Acute over dose of paracetamol (acetaminophen) causes serious hepatic necrosis. So, this study was conducted to observe the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous and n-hexane extract of Nigella sativa in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 2008 to 2010. Single dose of paracetamol was administered on day one and rats were sacrificed on day three. Liver damage was evaluated by hepatic histology. Aqueous and n-hexane extract of Nigella sativa was administered orally into two other rat groups through intra-gastric tube for 28 days in which paracetamol was administered orally on day 28 and were sacrificed on day 30. Liver of all rats were excised and processed for light microscopy with a view to histopathological evaluation. The histological examination of the liver tissues in vehicle treated group and paracetamol-control group of rats showed normal hepatic architecture, centrilobular necrosis, polymorph (neutrophils) infiltration and pyknosis of the hepatocytes respectively. The hepatic architecture of rats pre-treated with aqueous extract of Nigella sativa showed improvement of necrosis with very few pyknotic nuclei when compared to the paracetamol-control group. The hepatic architecture of rats pre-treated with aqueous extract as well as with the n-hexane extract of Nigella sativa did not show pyknotic nuclei and polymorph infiltration while apparently regenerating hepatocytes, visible under the microscope. Aqueous extract and n-hexane extract of Nigella sativa extended hepatoprotection by reducing oxidative stress in experimental liver damage in rats. Furthermore, the protection afforded by the n-hexane extract of Nigella sativa pre-treated group was superior to the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa pre-treated group. Keywords: Hepatoprotective, Liver-damage, Nigella sativa Linn. 90-94 1. Meyer SA, Kulkarni AP. Hepatotoxicity. In: Introduction to biochemical toxicology. 3rded. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 2001. p. 487-90. PMid:11712971 PMCid:PMC2705401 2. Satyanarayana U, Chakrapani U. Vitamin C. In: Biochemistry. 3rded. Calcutta: Books and Allied (P) Ltd.; 2008. p. 132-4. 3. Wolf PL. Biochemical diagnosis of liver disease. Indian J Clin Biochem 1999; 14(1): 59-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02869152 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 4. Cullen JM. Mechanistic classification of liver injury. Toxicol Pathol 2005; 33(1): 6-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926230590522428 Available from http://tpx.sagepub.com/content/33/1/6.full.pdf+html [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 5. Lai WK, Murphy N. Management of acute liver failure. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain 2004; 4(2): 40-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093 /bjaceaccp/mkh013 Available from http://ceaccp.oxfordjournals.org/ content/4/2/40.full.pdf+html [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 6. Di Luzio NR. A mechanism of the acute ethanol-induced fatty liver and the modification of liver injury by antioxidants. Am J Pharm Sci Support Public Health 1966; 15(1 Pt 1): 50-63. PMid:5931987 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 7. Fernandez Checa JC, Kaplowitz N. Hepatic mitochondrial glutathione: transport and role in disease and toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 204(3): 263-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2004.10.001 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 8. Al Turki DA, Abou Zeid LA, Shehata IA, Al Omar MA. Therapeutic and toxic effects of new NSAIDs and related compounds. A review and prospective study. Int J Pharmacol 2010; 6(6): 813-25. http://dx. doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2010.813.825 [Accessed date on 2013 March 10] Available from http://scialert.net/asci/author.php?author=M.A. andlast=Al-Omar 9. Najafzadeh H, Rezaie A, Masoodi AM, Mehrzadi S. Comparison of the effect of vanadium and deferoxamine on acetaminophen toxicity in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2011; 43(4): 429-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103 /0253-7613.83115 Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ articles/PMC3153707 [Accessed date on 2013 March 10 10. Pyleris E, Giannikopoulos G, Dabos K. Pathophysiology and management of acute liver failure. Annals of Gastroenterology 2010; 23(4):257-65. Available from www.annalsgastro.gr/index.php /annalsgastro/article/view/856/622 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 11. Lubel JS, Angus PW, Gow PJ. Accidental paracetamol poisoning. Med JAust 2007; 186(7): 371-2. PMid:17407437 Available from https://www.mja.com.au/system/files/issues/186_07_020407/lub11145_fm.pdf [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 12. Jollow DJ, Mitchell JR, Potter WZ, Davis DC, Gillette JR, Brodie BB. Acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis.II. Role of covalent binding in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1973; 187(1): 195-202. PMid:4746327 Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4746327 [Accessed date on 2013 March 10] 13. Mitchell JR, Jollow DJ, Potter WZ, Davis DC, Gillette JR, Brodie BB. Acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis. I. Role of drug metabolism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1973; 187(1): 185-94. PMid:4746326 Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4746326 [Accessed date on 2013 March 10] 14. James LP, Mayeux PR, Hinson JA. Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2003; 31(12): 1499-506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.31.12.1499 Available from http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/31/12/1499.full.pdf+html [Accessed date on 2013 March 10] 15. Smilkstein MJ, Knapp GL, Kulig KW, Rumack BH. Efficacy of oral N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Analysis of the national multicenter study (1976 to 1985). N Engl J Med 1988; 319(24): 1557-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198812153192401 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 16. Litovitz TL, Klein Schwartz W, Rodgers GC, Cobaugh DJ, Youniss J, Omslaer JC et al. Annual report of the American association of poison control centres toxic exposure surveillance system. Am J Emerg Med 2002; 20(5): 391-452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2002.34955 Available from http://www.ajemjournal.com/article/PIIS0735675705001841/fulltext [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 17. Lawson JA, Fisher MA, Simmons CA, Farhood A, Jaeschke H. Inhibition of Fas receptor (CD95)-induced hepatic caspase activation and apoptosis by acetaminophen in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1999; 156(3): 179-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.1999.8635 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 18. Gujral JS, Knight TR, Farhood A, Bajt ML, Jaeschke H. Mode of cell death after acetaminophen overdose in mice: apoptosis or oncotic necrosis? Toxicol Sci 2002; 67(2): 322-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093 /toxsci/67.2.322 Available from http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/ content/67/2/322.full.pdf+html [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 19. Wallace CI, Dargan PI, Jones AL. Paracetamol overdose: an evidence based flowchart to guide management.Emerg Med J 2002; 19(3): 202-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.19.3.202 Available from http://emj.bmj.com/content/19/3/202.full.pdf+html [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 20. Ferner RE, Dear JW, Bateman DN. Management of paracetamol poisoning. BMJ 2011; 342: d2218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136 /bmj.d2218 Available from http://www.bmj.com/highwire/filestream /359883/field_highwire_article_pdf/0/bmj.d2218.full.pdf [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 21. Fontana RJ. Acute Liver Failure including Acetaminophen Overdose. Med Clin North Am 2008; 92(4): 761–94. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.mcna.2008.03.005 Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2504411/pdf/nihms59264.pdfu [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 22. Brahams D. Paracetamol over dose: timing the antidote.Lancet 1989; 1(8637): 567-8. PMid:2564108 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(89)90118-9 23. Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Kumar TS, Gomathi P, Kumar RS. Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Bauhinia racemosa against Paracetamol and Carbon Tetra-chloride Induced Liver Damage in Rats. Iranian Journalof Pharmacologyand Therapeutics 2004; 3(1): 12-20. Available from http://www.ijpt.tums.ac.ir/index.php /ijpt/article/download/040301012/154.pdf [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 24. Kumar R, Kumar S, Patra A, Jayalakshmi S. Hepatoprotective activity of aerial parts Plumbago zeylanica Linn against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2009; 1(1): 171-5. Available from http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol1Suppl1/268.pdf [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 25. Iweala EEJ, Obichi IC, Omotosho OE. Biochemical and Histological responses of hepatotoxic rats fed Musa paradisiacal L. supplemented diet. International Journal of Pharmacology 2011; 7(4): 471-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2011.471.477 Available from http://www. sciencealert.co.uk/qredirect.php?doi=ijp.2011.471.477andlinkid=pdf [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 26. Zamani Moghaddam E, Azami K, Minaei Zangi B,Mousavi SZ, Sabzevari O. Protective activity of FumariaVaillantii extract and monomethyl fumarate on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in mice. International Journal of Pharmacology 2012; 8(3): 177-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2012.177.184 Available from http://scialert.net/qredirect.php?doi=ijp.2012.177.184andlinkid=pdf [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 27. Qidwai W, Hamza HB, Qureshi R, GilaniA. Effectiveness, safety and tolerability of powdered Nigella sativa (kalonji) seed in capsules on serum lipid levels, blood sugar, blood pressure, and body weight in adults: results of a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med 2009; 15(6): 639-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ acm.2008.0367 [Accessed on 2013 March 10] 28. Tahir L, Chand B, Rahman S. Antibacterial studies on Benincasa hispida and Nigella Sativa oil. Int Res J Pharm 2013; 4(4): 121-2. In Press 29. Saad SI. Classification of flowering plants. 2nded. Alexandria: The general Egyptian Book Co; 1975. p. 412–3. 30. 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Hepatoprotective effect of aqueous and n-hexane extract of Nigella sativa in paracetamol (acetaminophen) induced liver diseases of rats: A histopathological evaluation. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 2013; 4(7):90-94 http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.04720
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous and N-Hexane Extract of Nigella Sativa in Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Induced Liver Diseases of Rats - A Histopathological Evaluation
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Acute over dose of paracetamol (acetaminophen) causes serious hepatic necrosis. So, this study was conducted to observe the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous and n-hexane extract of Nigella sativa in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 2008 to 2010. Single dose of paracetamol was administered on day one and rats were sacrificed on day three. Liver damage was evaluated by hepatic histology. Aqueous and n-hexane extract of Nigella sativa was administered orally into two other rat groups through intra-gastric tube for 28 days in which paracetamol was administered orally on day 28 and were sacrificed on day 30. Liver of all rats were excised and processed for light microscopy with a view to histopathological evaluation. The histological examination of the liver tissues in vehicle treated group and paracetamol-control group of rats showed normal hepatic architecture, centrilobular necrosis, polymorph (neutrophils) infiltration and pyknosis of the hepatocytes respectively. The hepatic architecture of rats pre-treated with aqueous extract of Nigella sativa showed improvement of necrosis with very few pyknotic nuclei when compared to the paracetamol-control group. The hepatic architecture of rats pre-treated with aqueous extract as well as with the n-hexane extract of Nigella sativa did not show pyknotic nuclei and polymorph infiltration while apparently regenerating hepatocytes, visible under the microscope. Aqueous extract and n-hexane extract of Nigella sativa extended hepatoprotection by reducing oxidative stress in experimental liver damage in rats. Furthermore, the protection afforded by the n-hexane extract of Nigella sativa pre-treated group was superior to the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa pre-treated group. Keywords: Hepatoprotective, Liver-damage, Nigella sativa Linn.
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous and N-Hexane Extract of Nigella Sativa in Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Induced Liver Diseases of Rats - A Histopathological Evaluation
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous and N-Hexane Extract of Nigella Sativa in Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Induced Liver Diseases of Rats - A Histopathological Evaluation
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous and N-Hexane Extract of Nigella Sativa in Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Induced Liver Diseases of Rats - A Histopathological Evaluation
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Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous and N-Hexane Extract of Nigella Sativa in Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Induced Liver Diseases of Rats - A Histopathological Evaluation
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| title_short |
Hepatoprotective Effect of Aqueous and N-Hexane Extract of Nigella Sativa in Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Induced Liver Diseases of Rats - A Histopathological Evaluation
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| title_sort |
hepatoprotective effect of aqueous and n-hexane extract of nigella sativa in paracetamol (acetaminophen) induced liver diseases of rats - a histopathological evaluation
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