T-Helper1/T-Helper2 Cytokine Imbalance in the Iris of Patients with Glaucoma

The mechanistic study of glaucoma pathogenesis has shifted to seeking to understand the effects of immune responses on retinal ganglion cell damage and protection. Cytokines mediate the biological effects of the immune system, and our previous study revealed an imbalance of T-helper (Th) 1-derived a...

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Main Authors:	Wong, ManSin, Huang, Ping, Li, Weiyi, Li, Ying, Zhang, Samuel S., Zhang, Chun
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Public Library of Science 2015
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4374700/

id	pubmed-4374700
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-43747002015-04-04 T-Helper1/T-Helper2 Cytokine Imbalance in the Iris of Patients with Glaucoma Wong, ManSin Huang, Ping Li, Weiyi Li, Ying Zhang, Samuel S. Zhang, Chun Research Article The mechanistic study of glaucoma pathogenesis has shifted to seeking to understand the effects of immune responses on retinal ganglion cell damage and protection. Cytokines mediate the biological effects of the immune system, and our previous study revealed an imbalance of T-helper (Th) 1-derived and Th2-derived cytokines in the serum of patients with glaucoma. In this study, we collected irises from normal individuals and patients with primary open-angle closure (POAG) or chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG). We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to measure the expression of Th1 (interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)), Th2 (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10), and Th3 (transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)) cytokines. We then performed immunohistochemical staining to characterize the localization of the upregulated cytokines in iris cryosections. We observed an upward trend in the expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ and a downward trend in IL-6 expression in the iris of POAG and CACG patients. Expression of TGF-β also increased. Immunohistochemistry revealed that IL-2 expression in POAG and CACG patients was localized in the anterior surface of the blood vessel wall in the stroma of the iris, in the cytoplasm of some cells, in the anterior epithelium, and in the posterior pigment epithelium. These findings indicate that immune status differed between the iris tissues of POAG and CACG patients and those of normal individuals. A T-helper cytokine imbalance may modulate the immune microenvironment in glaucomatous eyes and thus influence optic neuropathy. Public Library of Science 2015-03-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4374700/ /pubmed/25811482 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122184 Text en © 2015 Wong et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Wong, ManSin Huang, Ping Li, Weiyi Li, Ying Zhang, Samuel S. Zhang, Chun
spellingShingle	Wong, ManSin Huang, Ping Li, Weiyi Li, Ying Zhang, Samuel S. Zhang, Chun T-Helper1/T-Helper2 Cytokine Imbalance in the Iris of Patients with Glaucoma
author_facet	Wong, ManSin Huang, Ping Li, Weiyi Li, Ying Zhang, Samuel S. Zhang, Chun
author_sort	Wong, ManSin
title	T-Helper1/T-Helper2 Cytokine Imbalance in the Iris of Patients with Glaucoma
title_short	T-Helper1/T-Helper2 Cytokine Imbalance in the Iris of Patients with Glaucoma
title_full	T-Helper1/T-Helper2 Cytokine Imbalance in the Iris of Patients with Glaucoma
title_fullStr	T-Helper1/T-Helper2 Cytokine Imbalance in the Iris of Patients with Glaucoma
title_full_unstemmed	T-Helper1/T-Helper2 Cytokine Imbalance in the Iris of Patients with Glaucoma
title_sort	t-helper1/t-helper2 cytokine imbalance in the iris of patients with glaucoma
description	The mechanistic study of glaucoma pathogenesis has shifted to seeking to understand the effects of immune responses on retinal ganglion cell damage and protection. Cytokines mediate the biological effects of the immune system, and our previous study revealed an imbalance of T-helper (Th) 1-derived and Th2-derived cytokines in the serum of patients with glaucoma. In this study, we collected irises from normal individuals and patients with primary open-angle closure (POAG) or chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG). We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to measure the expression of Th1 (interleukin (IL)-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)), Th2 (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10), and Th3 (transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)) cytokines. We then performed immunohistochemical staining to characterize the localization of the upregulated cytokines in iris cryosections. We observed an upward trend in the expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ and a downward trend in IL-6 expression in the iris of POAG and CACG patients. Expression of TGF-β also increased. Immunohistochemistry revealed that IL-2 expression in POAG and CACG patients was localized in the anterior surface of the blood vessel wall in the stroma of the iris, in the cytoplasm of some cells, in the anterior epithelium, and in the posterior pigment epithelium. These findings indicate that immune status differed between the iris tissues of POAG and CACG patients and those of normal individuals. A T-helper cytokine imbalance may modulate the immune microenvironment in glaucomatous eyes and thus influence optic neuropathy.
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2015
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4374700/
_version_	1613203900740927488

T-Helper1/T-Helper2 Cytokine Imbalance in the Iris of Patients with Glaucoma

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